This handbook for practitioners in environmental and public health, environmental management, toxicology and ecotoxicology has been prepared by an international group of experts from both developing and developed countries and covers a wide range of topics in both environmental impact assessment and environmental health impact assessment.

The second edition of this popular textbook provides an introduction to the principles and methods of epidemiology. Since publication of the first edition in 1993, Basic epidemiology has become a standard reference for education, training and research in the field of public health and has been translated into more than 25 languages. It is used widely, for training public health and environment professionals, undergraduate medical students, and students in other health professions. The second edition provides updated examples of how and why the basics of epidemiology are essential to anyone who is required to understand and apply the principles of disease causation and prevention. The book has a particular emphasis on modifiable environmental factors and encourages the application of epidemiology to the prevention of disease and the promotion of health, including environmental and occupational health. It prepares members of the health-related professions to respond to the need for health services to address all aspects of the health of populations, and to ensure that health resources are used to the best possible effect. It shows how good clinical practice is informed by clinical epidemiology; and its lively, concise style is designed to stimulate a continuing interest in the subject. This edition includes comprehensive chapters on the nature and uses of epidemiology; the epidemiological approach to defining and measuring the occurrence of health-related states in populations; the strengths and limitations of epidemiological study designs, causation, the contribution of epidemiology to the prevention of disease, the promotion of health and the development of health policy, and the role of epidemiology in evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of health care. It enables students to describe the common causes of death, disease and disability in her or his community; outline appropriate study designs to answer specific questions concerning disease causation, natural history, prognosis, prevention, and the evaluation of therapy and other interventions to control disease, and critically evaluate the literature.

This book describes a unique study on the usefulness of benzodiazepine tranquilizers given in conjunction with and compared to therapeutic counselling for the treatment of minor psychiatric disorders. International collaboration under the sponsorship of the WHO made this first cross-cultural comparative study possible. Important methodological findings about measurement instruments, as well as data about the effects of different treatments, resulted from the study. It also demonstrated the possibility of using quantitative scientific methods to measure milder forms of psychiatric disorders and their changes.

(Guitar Recorded Versions). Note-for-note transcriptions with tab for 25 classic hits from The Who, including: Athena * Baba O'Riley * Behind Blue Eyes * Dogs * Eminence Front * Going Mobile * I Can See for Miles * I'm Free * The Kids Are Alright * Long Live Rock * The Magic Bus * My Generation * Pinball Wizard * The Seeker * Squeeze Box * Who Are You * Won't Get Fooled Again * You Better You Bet * and more

Provides clinical descriptions, diagnostic guidelines, and codes for all mental and behavioural disorders commonly encountered in clinical psychiatry. The book was developed from chapter V of the Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). The clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines were finalized after field testing by over 700 clinicians and researchers in 110 institutes in 40 countries, making this book the product of the largest ever research effort designed to improve psychiatric diagnosis. Every effort has been made to define categories whose existence is scientifically justifiable as well as clinically useful. The classification divides disorders into ten groups according to major common themes or descriptive likeness, a new feature which makes for increased convenience of use. For each disorder, the book provides a full description of the main clinical features and all other important but less specific associated features. Diagnostic guidelines indicate the number, balance, and duration of symptoms usually required before a confident diagnosis can be made.Inclusion and exclusion criteria are also provided, together with conditions to be considered in differential diagnosis. The guidelines are worded so that a degree of flexibility is retained for diagnostic decisions in clinical work, particularly in the situation where provisional diagnosis may have to be made before the clinical picture is entirely clear or information is complete. "...As befitting a publication of considerable influence, the amount of work that went into preparing ICD-10 has been formidable..." - The International Journal of Social Psychiatry

This new volume of the "IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention in Tobacco Control" presents a critical review and evaluation of the evidence by 25 international experts from twelve countries on the economics, epidemiology, public policy and tobacco control aspects of tax and price policies. The working group draws conclusions about the effectiveness of tax and price measures to control tobacco use in the population. The "Handbook" covers an overview of tobacco taxation; industry pricing strategies and other industry initiatives diluting the effects of taxes on consumption; tax, price and aggregated demand for tobacco, as well as demand at the individual level in adults, young people and the economically disadvantaged; tax avoidance and tax evasion and the economic and health impacts of tobacco taxation. This body of evidence and the consensus evaluation of 18 concluding statements on the impact of interventions to increase the price of tobacco products, can assist policy makers, government officials, evaluators and researchers working in tobacco control and disease prevention, to base their decisions on the latest scientific evidence.

The first volume, which runs well over 1,000 pages, contains the classification at the three- and four-character levels, the classification of the morphology of neoplasms, special tabulation lists for mortality and morbidity, definitions, and the nomenclature regulations. The volume also reproduces the report of the International Conference for the Tenth Revision, which indicates the many complex considerations behind the revisions.

The longstanding debate over the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding has centered on the so-called "weanling's dilemma" in developing countries: the choice between the known protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding against infectious morbidity and the (theoretical) insufficiency of breast milk alone to satisfy the infant's energy and micronutrient requirements beyond 4 months of age. The primary objective of this review is to assess the effects on child health, growth, and development, and on maternal health, of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months vs exclusive breastfeeding for 3-4 months with mixed breastfeeding (introduction of complementary liquid or solid foods with continued breastfeeding) thereafter through 6 months.

The second edition of this pocket book is for use by doctors, senior nurses and other senior health workers who are responsible for the care of young children at the first referral level in developing countries. It presents up-to-date clinical guidelines which are based on a review of the available published evidence by subject experts, for both inpatient and outpatient care in small hospitals where basic laboratory facilities and essential drugs and inexpensive medicines are available. In some settings, these guidelines can be used in the larger health centers where a small number of sick children can be admitted for inpatient care.The guidelines are for use in both inpatient and outpatient care in hospitals with basic laboratory facilities and essential medicines. These guidelines focus on the management of the major causes of childhood mortality in most developing countries, such as newborn problems, pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria, meningitis, septicaemia, measles and related conditions, severe acute malnutrition and paediatric HIV/AIDS. It also covers common procedures, patient monitoring and supportive care on the wards and some common surgical conditions that can be managed in small hospitals.

Sets out internationally agreed diagnostic criteria specifically designed for use when conducting research on mental and behavioral disorders. Deliberately restrictive, the criteria are intended to facilitate the selection of groups of individuals whose symptoms and other characteristics resemble each other in clearly stated ways, and thus to maximize the homogeneity of study groups and the comparability of findings in multi-centre and international studies. The book, which covers over 300 disorders, is derived from chapter V(F) of the Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). The research criteria were developed in collaboration with the world's leading experts and finalized after testing by researchers and clinicians in 32 countries, representing all the major traditions and schools of psychiatry. Descriptions of clinical concepts upon which the research criteria are based are contained in the companion volume "Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines." For each disorder, criteria are labeled with letters or numbers to indicate their place in a hierarchy of generality and importance. This hierarchy includes general criteria, which must be fulfilled by all members of a group of disorders, obligatory criteria for individual disorders, and further groups and sub-groups of characteristics, of which only some are required for the diagnosis. Where appropriate, the most commonly used exclusion clause is also listed. A number of disorders of uncertain or provisional status are described in two annexes. The first covers affective disorders that have been the subject of recent research, together with certain personality disorders. The second describes several disorders that seem to appear almost exclusively in particular cultures.

These specifications provide information on the identity and purity of food additives used directly in foods or in food production. The main objectives are to identify the food additives that have been subjected to testing for safety, to ensure that the additives are of the quality required for use in food or in processing, and to reflect and encourage good manufacturing practice. This publication and other documents produced by JECFA are is useful to all those who work with or are interested in food additives and their safe use in food.

Diagnosis within psychiatry involves the consideration of a number of different features of mental state. In making a diagnosis, individual psychiatrists inevitably accord differing importance to certain features. By regulating the order and number of conditions to be recorded, a multiaxial framework provides for internationally comparable descriptions of mental state. This volume provides the psychiatric sections of ICD10 in a form that is adapted for ease of use of those dealing with mental disorders in childhood and adolescence. Descriptions have been grouped into axes which have been chosen to provide unambiguous information of maximum clinical usefulness in the greatest number of cases. Building on the popular original framework of four axes, the system has been greatly improved by the inclusion of a new axis for psychosocial situations and by the addition of a further sixth axis on adaptive level which enables clinicians to code an individual's current level of disability.

A triaxial system (Axis I--Clinical diagnoses, Axis II--Disabilities, Axis III--Contextual factors) is intended for use in clinical, educational and research activities. It aims to ensure that disabilities and factors relevant to the management of a mentally ill patient's condition are systematically recorded. It has been prepared and trialed by an international team of experts and has proven easy to use, helpful and applicable to a wide range of cultures and settings. This comprehensive manual provides information on the development of the ICD-10 multiaxial system and describes its structure and use. It details ICD-10 categories for each axis of the system as well as instruments and instructions for their application. The instruments include the ICD-10 multiaxial diagnostic formulation form, WHO short disability assessment schedule (SHO DAS-S) and Axis III checklist.

A triaxial system (Axis I--Clinical diagnoses, Axis II--Disabilities, Axis III--Contextual factors) is intended for use in clinical, educational and research activities. It aims to ensure that disabilities and factors relevant to the management of a mentally ill patient's condition are systematically recorded. It has been prepared and trialed by an international team of experts and has proven easy to use, helpful and applicable to a wide range of cultures and settings. This comprehensive manual provides information on the development of the ICD-10 multiaxial system and describes its structure and use. It details ICD-10 categories for each axis of the system as well as instruments and instructions for their application. The instruments include the ICD-10 multiaxial diagnostic formulation form, WHO short disability assessment schedule (SHO DAS-S) and Axis III checklist.

In making a diagnosis, individual psychiatrists inevitably accord differing importance to various features in a patient's history. By regulating the order and number of conditions to be recorded, a multiaxial framework provides for internationally comparable descriptions of mental state. This volume provides the psychiatric sections of ICD-10 in a form that is adapted for ease of use by those dealing with mental disorders in childhood and adolescence. Descriptions have been grouped into axes that have been chosen to provide unambiguous information of maximum clinical usefulness in the greatest number of cases. Building on the popular original framework of four axes, the system has been greatly improved by the inclusion of a new axis for psychosocial situations and by the addition of yet another axis on adaptive level that enables clinicians to code an individual's current level of disability.

This volume distills what is known about environmental health during an emergency or disaster. It draws on results from the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, and on experience with sustainable development between the two Earth Summits, in Rio de Janeiro and Johannesburg. It is intended for practitioners, as well as for policy-makers and researchers, and thus covers both general and technical aspects of environmental health. In Part I of this volume, a conceptual framework is presented for understanding environmental health issues in the context of disaster management. The framework covers the entire disaster-management cycle, from preparedness and warning, to recovery and prevention. Guidelines are also suggested for planning and reducing the effects of extreme events on public health, and practical guidance is given in organizational and logistical matters. Throughout, the need for flexibility and innovation at the local level is emphasized, combined with solid advance planning. There is also a focus on the vulnerability of populations during an emergency or disaster, with the implication that such people have capacities and local knowledge that should be integrated into efforts to secure both environment and development against extreme events. The creative potential of balancing "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches is emphasized in chapters on health promotion and community participation, and on human resources. Part II of this book is a detailed compendium of best practices and strategies for risk reduction and response in the fields of: * Shelter and emergency settlements; * Water supply; * Sanitation; * Food safety; * Vector and pest control; * Control of communicable diseases and prevention of epidemics; * Chemical incidents; * Radiation emergencies; * Mortuary service and handling of the dead; * Health promotion and community participation; and * Human resources. This book will be useful in planning for, responding to, and recovering from the movements of displaced persons and refugees in humanitarian crises, as well as the floods, storms, earthquakes and other extreme events that could confront health workers in the first decade of the 21st century. Given trends in the 1990s, it is unlikely that humanity has seen the last of these challenges.

The monographs in this volume summarize the safety data on 11 pesticides that could leave residues in food commodities. These pesticides are aminopyralid, atrazine, azinphos methyl, lamba-cyhalothrin, difenoconazole, dimethomorph, flusilazole, procymidone, profenofos, pyrimethanil and zoxamide. The data summarized in the toxicological monographs served as the basis for the acceptable daily intakes and acute reference doses that were established by the Meeting.This volume and previous volumes of JMPR toxicological evaluations, many of which were published in the "FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper" series, contain information that is useful to companies that produce pesticides, government regulatory officers, industrial testing laboratories, toxicological laboratories and universities.

A systematic authoritative classification of the many procedures used in different branches of medicine. Chapters cover procedures for medical diagnosis laboratory procedures preventive procedures surgical operations other therapeutic procedures and ancillary procedures. The volume, which follows the structure and system of coding used in the International Classification of Diseases, includes a tabular list of procedures followed by a detailed alphabetical index.

Diese definitive Anleitung wurde von Grund auf uberarbeitet und auf den neuesten Stand gebracht fur alle Laboratorien, die sich mit der Analyse des menschlichen Ejakulates beschaftigen. Das Handbuch liefert fundamentale Labortechniken fur die Diagnose der mannlichen Infertilitat. Der Text beschreibt die Zusammenstellung eines konventionellen Samenprofils anhand von standardisierten Protokollen fur verschiedene fakultative diagnostische Verfahren. Solche Techniken sind unentbehrlich fur die Evaluierung infertiler Paare sowie der Fertilitat von Mannern, deren Spermienproduktion durch potentielle mannliche Kontrazeptiva oder toxische Substanzen unterdruckt wird. Auch fur die Gerichtsmedizin und kunstliche Insemination sind sie von Interesse. Vorangehende Auflagen dieses Manuals haben sich auf dem Gebiet der Erforschung und Behandlung der mannlichen Fertilitat etabliert; diese Neuauflage fuhrt diese Tradition fort und wird als Standard fur zukunftige strengere Massstabe dienen."

THIS IS THE LARGE PRINT VERSION OF "ICF" FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED"International Classification of Functioning " (ICF) is a classification of health and health-related domains that provides a standard language for describing how people live with their health condition. It covers body functions and structures, activities and participation, from both individual and societal perspectives. The "ICF" puts the notions of health and disability in a new light. Disability is not something that only happens to a minority of humanity. It acknowledges that every human being can undergo a decrement in health and thereby experience some degree of disability. The "ICF" thus mainstreams the experience of disability and recognizes it as a universal human experience. By shifting the focus from cause to impact, it places all health conditions on an equal footing allowing them to be compared using a common metric the ruler of health and disability. Furthermore, "ICF" takes into account the social aspects of disability and does not see disability only as medical or biological dysfunction. It also takes into account the impact of the environment on the person's functioning. "ICF" is useful in understanding and measuring health outcomes. It can be used in clinical settings, health services or surveys at the individual or population level.In view of the differing needs of different types of users, "ICF" is presented in multiple formats and versions: ICF Full VersionA conclusive volume with glossary definitions and full list of codes including all details. Available in all official WHO languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish).ICF Pocket VersionThe pocket size version contains main 2 level codes (max. 99 per list) for practical purposes.ICF on CD-ROMThe CD-ROM includes ICF in 6 official WHO and other languages and provides the following functionality: 1. Allows browsing the classification in its tree structure2. Can display two languages at the same time3. Provides advanced search functions4. Cross-references via hyperlinks5. Allows the user to select and work on subsets of the classification 6. Internet based upgrading facility which allows incorporating future modifications in the classification and additional language versions7. Allows user to send comments and feedback to WHO ICF Full version in Large Print (for the visually impaired)"

This annual edition presents the most recent statistics of over 50 health indicators for WHO's 193 Member States. It includes an expanded set of core statistics and a section with 10 highlights in global health statistics for the past year. This book has been collated from publications and databases of WHO's technical programmes and regional offices. The core set of indicators was selected on the basis of relevance for global health, availability and quality of data, and accuracy and comparability of estimates. The statistics for the indicators are based on an interactive process of data collection, compilation, quality assessment, and estimation between WHO technical programmes and its Member States. In this process, WHO strives to maximize accessibility, accuracy, comparability, and transparency of country health statistics. In addition to national statistics, this publication presents statistics on the distribution of selected health outcomes and interventions within countries, disaggregated by gender, age, urban/rural setting, wealth/assets, and educational level. Such statistics are primarily derived from the analysis of household surveys and are only available for a limited number of countries.

This volume covers tumors of the pituary, the thyroid and parathyroid, the adrenal gland, the endocrine pancreas, and inherited tumor syndromes. Each entity is extensively discussed with information on clinicopathological, epidemiological, immunophenotypic and genetic aspects of these diseases. The book is an authoritative, concise reference, prepared by 150 authors from 20 countries. It contains more than 500 color photographs, numerous, MRIs, ultrasound images, CT scans, charts and more than 2900 references.This book is in the series commonly referred to as the "Blue Book" series."Pathology and Genetics of Tumors of Endocrine Organs"Contributors: Dr. Susan L. Abbondanzo, Dr. GoranAkerstrom, Dr. Lars Andreas Akslen, Dr. Jorgo Albores-Saavedra, Dr. Micheala A. Aldred, Dr. Katsuyki Aozasa, Dr. Andrew Arnold, Dr. Sylvia L. Asa, Dr. Zubair W. Baloch, Dr. Ariel L. Barkan, Dr. Bora E. Baysal, Dr. Gazanfer Belge, Dr. Xavier Bertagna, Dr. Wojciech Biernat, Dr. John P. Bilezikian, Dr. Scott Boerner, Dr. Tom Bohling, Dr. Lennart Bondeson, Dr. Ceasare Bordi, Dr. Gianni Bussolati, Dr. Blake Cady, Dr. Alain Calender, Dr. Jose Cameselle-Teijeiro, Dr. Carlo Capella, Dr. Maria Luise Carcanciu, Dr. J. Aiden Carney, Dr. Paul Caruso, Dr. Barbara Centeno, Dr. John K. C. Chan, Dr. Liang Cheng, Dr. Runjan Chetty, Dr. Wah Cheuk, Dr. George P. Chrousos, Dr. Orlo H. Clark, Dr. Randall D. Craver, Dr. Yogeshwar Dayal, Dr. Ronald R. De Krijger, Dr. Ronald A. Delellis, Dr. Kari-Michael Derwahl, Dr. David M. Dorfman, Carrlo Melvin Drovdlic, Dr. Damian E. Dupuy, Dr. Charles Eng, Dr. Vincenzo Eusebi, Dr. Harry L. Evans, Dr. D. Gareth Evans, Dr. Sheroon Ezzat, Dr. James A. Fagin, Dr. William Clay Faquin, Dr. Nadir R. Farid, Dr. P. Farid, Dr. William E. Farrell, Dr. William Foulkes, Dr. Kaarle O. Franssila, Dr. Robert F. Gagel, Dr. Kim R. Geisinger, Dr. Ronald A. Ghossein, Dr. Oliver Gimm, Dr. Thomas J. Giordano, Dr. Dario Guiffrida, Dr. Lara Grimelius, Dr. Gerardo Esteban Guiter, Dr. Philip I. Haigh, Dr. Hector Ruben Harach, Dr. Ian D. Hay, Dr. Philipp U. Heitz, Dr. Geoffrey N. Hendy, Dr. Mitsauyoshi Hirokawa, Dr. Eva Horvath, Dr. Leonard B. Kahn, Dr. Klaus Kaserer, Dr. Akiro Kawashima, Dr. Noriko Kimura, Dr. Yutaka Kitamura, Dr. Paul Kleihues, Dr. David S. Klimstra, Dr. Richard T. Kloos, Dr. Gunter Kloppel, Dr. Christian A. Koch, Dr. Paul Komminoth, Dr. George Kontogeorgos, Dr. Kalman Kovacs, Dr. Todd Gerard Kroll, Dr. Alfred King Yin Lam, Dr. Catherine Larsson, Dr. Juen Lechago, Dr. E. Paul Lindell, Dr. Virginia Livolsi, Dr. Ricardo V. Lloyd, Dr. M. Beatriz S. Lopes, Dr. Eamonn R. Maher, Dr. Xavier Matias-Guiu, Dr. Ernest L. Mazzaferri, Dr. Anne Marie McNicol, Dr. L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Dr. Maria J. Merino, Dr. Jeffrey F. Moley, Dr. Carl D. Morrison, Dr. Lois Mulligan, Dr. Katherine L. Nathanson, Dr. Hartmut P. Neumann, Dr. Yuri E. Nikiforov, Dr. Shiro Noguchi, Dr. Vania Nose, Professor Kjell Oberg, Dr. Nelson G. Ordonez, Dr. Josep Oriola, Dr. Robert Yoshiyuki Osamura, Dr. Mauro Papotti, Dr. Ralf Paschke, Dr. Juha Peltonen, Dr. Aurel Perren, Dr. Silvana Pilotti, Dr. Karl H. Plate, Dr. Hartmut M. Rabes, Dr. Guido Rindi, Dr. Fedorico Roncaroli, Dr. Sergio Vidal Ruibal, Dr. Wolfgang Saeger, Dr. Atsuhiko Sakamoto, Dr. Toshiaki Sano, Dr. Massimo Santoro, Dr. Hironobu Sasano, Dr. Bernd W. Scheithauer, Dr. Katherine A. Schneider, Dr. Arthur B. Schneider, Dr. Jean Yves Scoazec, Dr. Elizabeth Shane, Dr. Leslie H. Sobin, Dr. Manual Sobrinho-Simoes, Dr. Ernst J. M. Speel, Dr. Constantine A. Stratakis, Dr. Hugo Studer, Dr. Iwao Sugitani, Dr. Saul Suster, Mr. Kevin M. Sweet, Dr. Giovanni Tallini, Dr. Bin Tean The, Dr. Lester D.R. Thompson, Dr. Arthur S. Tischler, Dr. Jacqueline Trouillas, Dr. Thomas M. Ulbright, Dr. M. Volante, Dr. Petri.E. Voutilainen, Dr. Robert Watson, Dr. A. L. Weber, Dr. Loe S. Weinstein, Dr. Lawrence M. Weiss, Dr. Bruce M. Wenig, Dr. E. Dilwyn Williams, Dr. Shozo Yamada, Dr. William F. Young JR, Dr. Mauren Zakowski

Some 20-million low-birth-weight babies are born each year because of either preterm birth or impaired prenatal growth mostly in less developed countries. For many small preterm infants receiving prolonged medical care is important. However kangaroo mother care is an effective way to meet baby's needs for warmth breastfeeding protection from infection stimulation safety and love. Kangaroo mother care is care of preterm infants carried skin-to-skin with the mother. It is a powerful easy-to-use method to promote the health and well being of infants. This document describes the kangaroo mother care method for care of stable preterm/low-birth-weight infants who need thermal protection adequate feeding frequent observation and protection from infection. It provides guidance on how to organize services at the referral hospital and on what is needed to introduce and carry out kangaroo mother care focusing on settings where resources are limited. Evidence for the recommendations are provided whenever possible. This book has been prepared for health professionals in charge of low-birth-weight and preterm newborn infants in first referral hospitals in settings with scarce resources. It is also aimed at decision-makers and planners at national and local levels.