This book covers a wide spectrum of systems such as linear and nonlinear multivariable systems as well as control problems such as disturbance, uncertainty and time-delays. The purpose of this book is to provide researchers and practitioners a manual for the design and application of advanced discrete-time controllers. The book presents six different control approaches depending on the type of system and control problem. The first and second approaches are based on Sliding Mode control (SMC) theory and are intended for linear systems with exogenous disturbances. The third and fourth approaches are based on adaptive control theory and are aimed at linear/nonlinear systems with periodically varying parametric uncertainty or systems with input delay. The fifth approach is based on Iterative learning control (ILC) theory and is aimed at uncertain linear/nonlinear systems with repeatable tasks and the final approach is based on fuzzy logic control (FLC) and is intended for highly uncertain systems with heuristic control knowledge. Detailed numerical examples are provided in each chapter to illustrate the design procedure for each control method. A number of practical control applications are also presented to show the problem solving process and effectiveness with the advanced discrete-time control approaches introduced in this book.

ILC has been a major control design methodology for twenty years; numerous algorithms have been developed to solve real-time control problems, from MEMS to batch reactors, characterised by repetitive control operations.

Real-time Iterative Learning Control demonstrates how the latest advances in iterative learning control (ILC) can be applied to a number of plants widely encountered in practice. The authors provide a hitherto lacking systematic introduction to real-time ILC design and source of illustrative case studies for ILC problem solving; the fundamental concepts, schematics, configurations and generic guidelines for ILC design and implementation are enhanced by a well-selected group of representative, simple and easy-to-learn example applications. Key issues in ILC design and implementation in the linear and nonlinear plants that pervade mechatronics and batch processes are addressed. In particular, the book discusses:

ILC design in the continuous- and discrete-time domains;

design in the frequency and time domains;

design with problem-specific performance objectives including robustness and optimality;

design in a modular approach by integration with other control techniques; and

design by means of classical tools based on Bode plots and state space.

Real-time Iterative Learning Control will interest control engineers looking for examples of how this important control technique can be applied to a variety of real-life problems. With its systematic formulation and analysis of different system properties and performance and its exposition of open problems, academics and graduate students working in control will find it a useful reference to the current status of ILC.

Iterative Learning Control (ILC) differs from most existing control methods in the sense that, it exploits every possibility to incorporate past control informa tion, such as tracking errors and control input signals, into the construction of the present control action. There are two phases in Iterative Learning Control: first the long term memory components are used to store past control infor mation, then the stored control information is fused in a certain manner so as to ensure that the system meets control specifications such as convergence, robustness, etc. It is worth pointing out that, those control specifications may not be easily satisfied by other control methods as they require more prior knowledge of the process in the stage of the controller design. ILC requires much less information of the system variations to yield the desired dynamic be haviors. Due to its simplicity and effectiveness, ILC has received considerable attention and applications in many areas for the past one and half decades. Most contributions have been focused on developing new ILC algorithms with property analysis. Since 1992, the research in ILC has progressed by leaps and bounds. On one hand, substantial work has been conducted and reported in the core area of developing and analyzing new ILC algorithms. On the other hand, researchers have realized that integration of ILC with other control techniques may give rise to better controllers that exhibit desired performance which is impossible by any individual approach."

This book provides a comparative analysis of the regional development strategies of east, west, northeast and central China and the development of important economic regions including the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu-Chongqing and central-southern areas of Liaoning Province. The book reveals some key issues faced in China's regional development and analyzes their causes while delving into new trends of regional development since the 18th CPC National Congress. The book concludes by proposing new ideas for regional development under the new normal and analyzing experiences of other major powers in carrying out coordinated regional development. This book will be of interest to urbanists, journalists, and China scholars.

East Asia is a most dynamic region and its fast developing higher education and research systems are gathering great momentum. East Asian higher education has common cultural roots in Chinese civilization, and in indigenous traditions, each country has been shaped in different ways by Western intervention, and all are building global strategies. Shared educational agendas combine with long political tensions and rising national identities. Hope and fear touch each other. What are the prospects for regional harmony-in-diversity? How do internationalization and indigenization interplay in higher education in this remarkable region, where so much of the future of humanity will be decided? Experts from Australia, China mainland, Hong Kong SAR, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, the UK and Vietnam probe these dynamics, with original perspectives, robust evidence and brilliant writing. Changing Higher Education in East Asia deepens our understanding of internationalization and globalization agendas such as world-class universities and international students. It takes readers further, exploring the role of higher education in furthering the global public and common good, world citizenship education, the internationalization of the humanities and social sciences, geopolitics and higher education development, cross-border academic mobility, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on regional student mobility, and future regionalization in East Asia.

This book covers a wide spectrum of systems such as linear and nonlinear multivariable systems as well as control problems such as disturbance, uncertainty and time-delays. The purpose of this book is to provide researchers and practitioners a manual for the design and application of advanced discrete-time controllers. The book presents six different control approaches depending on the type of system and control problem. The first and second approaches are based on Sliding Mode control (SMC) theory and are intended for linear systems with exogenous disturbances. The third and fourth approaches are based on adaptive control theory and are aimed at linear/nonlinear systems with periodically varying parametric uncertainty or systems with input delay. The fifth approach is based on Iterative learning control (ILC) theory and is aimed at uncertain linear/nonlinear systems with repeatable tasks and the final approach is based on fuzzy logic control (FLC) and is intended for highly uncertain systems with heuristic control knowledge. Detailed numerical examples are provided in each chapter to illustrate the design procedure for each control method. A number of practical control applications are also presented to show the problem solving process and effectiveness with the advanced discrete-time control approaches introduced in this book.

A New-Generation Density Functional: Towards Chemical Accuracy for Chemistry of Main Group Elements covers the most recent progress in the development of a new generation of density functional theory (DFT) for accurate descriptions of thermochemistry, thermochemical kinetics, and nonbonded interactions of main group molecules. In this book, the authors present the doubly hybrid density functionals (DHDFs), which dramatically improve the accuracy for predictions of critical properties by including the role of the virtual (unoccupied) orbitals. The authors not only discuss the theoretical bases of three classes of DHDFs but also demonstrate their performance using some well-established benchmarking data sets.

Iterative Learning Control (ILC) differs from most existing control methods in the sense that, it exploits every possibility to incorporate past control informa tion, such as tracking errors and control input signals, into the construction of the present control action. There are two phases in Iterative Learning Control: first the long term memory components are used to store past control infor mation, then the stored control information is fused in a certain manner so as to ensure that the system meets control specifications such as convergence, robustness, etc. It is worth pointing out that, those control specifications may not be easily satisfied by other control methods as they require more prior knowledge of the process in the stage of the controller design. ILC requires much less information of the system variations to yield the desired dynamic be haviors. Due to its simplicity and effectiveness, ILC has received considerable attention and applications in many areas for the past one and half decades. Most contributions have been focused on developing new ILC algorithms with property analysis. Since 1992, the research in ILC has progressed by leaps and bounds. On one hand, substantial work has been conducted and reported in the core area of developing and analyzing new ILC algorithms. On the other hand, researchers have realized that integration of ILC with other control techniques may give rise to better controllers that exhibit desired performance which is impossible by any individual approach.

Real-time Iterative Learning Control demonstrates how the latest advances in iterative learning control (ILC) can be applied to a number of plants widely encountered in practice. The book gives a systematic introduction to real-time ILC design and source of illustrative case studies for ILC problem solving; the fundamental concepts, schematics, configurations and generic guidelines for ILC design and implementation are enhanced by a well-selected group of representative, simple and easy-to-learn example applications. Key issues in ILC design and implementation in linear and nonlinear plants pervading mechatronics and batch processes are addressed, in particular: ILC design in the continuous- and discrete-time domains; design in the frequency and time domains; design with problem-specific performance objectives including robustness and optimality; design in a modular approach by integration with other control techniques; and design by means of classical tools based on Bode plots and state space.

This monograph summarizes the recent achievements made in the field of iterative learning control. The book is self-contained in theoretical analysis and can be used as a reference or textbook for a graduate level course as well as for self-study. It opens a new avenue towards a new paradigm in deterministic learning control theory accompanied by detailed examples.

This book provides a comparative analysis of the regional development strategies of east, west, northeast and central China and the development of important economic regions including the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu-Chongqing and central-southern areas of Liaoning Province. The book reveals some key issues faced in China's regional development and analyzes their causes while delving into new trends of regional development since the 18th CPC National Congress. The book concludes by proposing new ideas for regional development under the new normal and analyzing experiences of other major powers in carrying out coordinated regional development. This book will be of interest to urbanists, journalists, and China scholars.

The book is a collection of papers concerning the theories, applications and perspectives of Variable Structure Systems (VSS), which have been a main control design methodology. The 20th century has seen the formation and consolidation of VSS theory and its applications. It has also seen an emerging trend of cross-fertilization and integration of VSS with other control and non-control areas such as feedback linearization, flatness, passivity based control, adaptive and learning control, system identification, pulse width modulation, geometric and algebraic methods, artificial intelligence, modeling and optimization, neural networks, fuzzy logic, to name just a few. To reflect these major developments in the 20th century, this book includes specially invited surveys and contributions from well-known experts in VSS as well as selected extended papers from the 6th International Workshop on VSS held on the Gold Coast, Australia 7-9 December 2000.

East Asia is a most dynamic region and its fast developing higher education and research systems are gathering great momentum. East Asian higher education has common cultural roots in Chinese civilization, and in indigenous traditions, each country has been shaped in different ways by Western intervention, and all are building global strategies. Shared educational agendas combine with long political tensions and rising national identities. Hope and fear touch each other. What are the prospects for regional harmony-in-diversity? How do internationalization and indigenization interplay in higher education in this remarkable region, where so much of the future of humanity will be decided? Experts from Australia, China mainland, Hong Kong SAR, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, the UK and Vietnam probe these dynamics, with original perspectives, robust evidence and brilliant writing. Changing Higher Education in East Asia deepens our understanding of internationalization and globalization agendas such as world-class universities and international students. It takes readers further, exploring the role of higher education in furthering the global public and common good, world citizenship education, the internationalization of the humanities and social sciences, geopolitics and higher education development, cross-border academic mobility, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on regional student mobility, and future regionalization in East Asia.