Information flow as nerve impulses in neuronal circuits is regulated at synapses. The synapse is therefore a key element for information processing in the brain. Much attention has been given to fast synaptic transmission, which predominantly regulates impulse-to-impulse transmission. Slow synaptic transmission and modu lation, however, sometimes have been neglected in considering and attempting to understand brain function. Slow synaptic potentials and modulation occur with a considerable delay in response to the accumulation of synaptic and modulatory inputs. In these contexts, they are plastic in nature and play important roles in information processing in the brain. A symposium titled "Slow Synaptic Responses and Modulation" was held as the satellite symposium to the 75th Annual Meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan on March 30-31, 1998, in Kanazawa. The theme was selected not only for the reason mentioned above, but also because of the considerable involvement of many Japanese scholars in establishing the basic issues. Following the dawn of synaptic physiological research, as Sir John Eccles, Sir Bernard Katz, and Professor Stephen Kuffler carried out pioneer work, Professor Kyozou Koketsu and Professor Benjamin Libet, the students of Sir John Eccles, and their colleagues established the concept of slow synaptic responses and modulation by studying vertebrate sympathetic ganglia. Since then, the concept has been ex panded with detailed investigations of both peripheral and central synapses at the levels of single ion channels, intracellular Ca"+ dynamics, intracellular transduc tion mechanisms, and genes.

Photoinduced processes, caused by natural sunlight, are key functions for sustaining all living organisms through production and transformation of organic matter (OM) in the biosphere. Production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from OM is a primary step of photoinduced processes, because H2O2 acts as strong reductant and oxidant. It is potentially important in many aquatic reactions, also in association with photosynthesis. Allochthonous and autochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be involved into several photoinduced or biological processes. DOM subsequently undergoes several physical, chemical, photoinduced and biological processes, which can be affected by global warming. This book is uniquely structured to overview some vital issues, such as: DOM; H2O2 and ROOH; HO; Degradation of DOM; CDOM, FDOM; Photosynthesis; Chlorophyll; Metal complexation, and Global warming, as well as their mutual interrelationships, based on updated scientific results. "

This volume is composed of invited expository articles by well-known mathematicians in differential geometry and mathematical physics that have been arranged in celebration of Hideki Omori's recent retirement from Tokyo University of Science and in honor of his fundamental contributions to these areas.

The papers focus on recent trends and future directions in symplectic and Poisson geometry, global analysis, infinite-dimensional Lie group theory, quantizations and noncommutative geometry, as well as applications of partial differential equations and variational methods to geometry. These articles will appeal to graduate students in mathematics and quantum mechanics, as well as researchers, differential geometers, and mathematical physicists.

Contributors include: M. Cahen, D. Elworthy, A. Fujioka, M. Goto, J. Grabowski, S. Gutt, J. Inoguchi, M. Karasev, O. Kobayashi, Y. Maeda, K. Mikami, N. Miyazaki, T. Mizutani, H. Moriyoshi, H. Omori, T. Sasai, D. Sternheimer, A. Weinstein, K. Yamaguchi, T. Yatsui, and A. Yoshioka.

The quantum Hall effects remains one of the most important subjects to have emerged in condensed matter physics over the past 20 years. The fractional quantum Hall effect, in particular, has opened up a new paradigm in the study of strongly correlated electrons, and it has been shown that new concepts, such as fractional statistics, anyon, chiral Luttinger liquid and composite particles, are realized in two-dimensional electron systems. This book explains the quantum Hall effects together with these new concepts starting from elementary quantum mechanics. Thus, graduate students can use this book to gain an overall understanding of these phenomena.

A macroscopic system consists of a tremendous number of microscopic atoms and molecules. In thermal equilibrium the state of such a system is uniquely defined, despite the fact that the microscopic particles behave quite randomly. This observation gives rise to the fundamental law of the statistical physics; it allows entropy to be defined and a framework for the theory to be constructed but cannot be derived form quantum mechanics or force laws. Introduction to Statistical Physics seeks to explain the laws of the macroscopic level to undergraduate students learning them for the first time. The first part of this book explains the essence of statistical physics without going into details such as Liouville s theorem or ergodic theorem, which are difficult for beginners and unnecessary for actual application of the statistical mechanics. In the second part, statistical mechanics is applied to various systems which look different but have the same mathematical structure, in particular, features applications to quantum dynamics, thermodynamics, Ising model and statistical dynamics of free spins. Advanced topics in phase transitions and dense gases conclude the text, plus helpful appendices. "

Drug products are complex mixtures of drugs and excipients and, as such, their chemical and physical stability kinetics are complex. This book discusses the stability of these dosage forms with preformulation studies through to the studies on the final products. The book is intended for graduate students, researchers and professionals in the field of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry.

Online Teaching and Learning for Teacher Educators is the first book written exclusively by teacher educators for teacher educators in higher education, K-12 classrooms, and for candidates preparing to become teacher educators. Written as a practical, easy to understand and use guide, this book is designed to support and empower teacher educators from all settings as they transition into and advance their knowledge, skills, and dispositions in online teaching and learning. Readers will find ten informative and stimulating chapters, drawn from each author's personal experience, that focus on the essential topics and emerging issues relevant to the ever-expanding and rapidly changing online environment unique to teacher educators. Topics covered include planning developmentally appropriate content and context in creative ways; establishing and engaging with collaborative communities of learners; optimizing opportunities for engagement, expression, exchange of ideas, innovation, and inspiration; incorporating meaningful assessments, rubrics, and feedback that promote thinking, growth, and reflection; and advancing awareness, application, and appreciation of ethics, equity, and efficacy. Plus, issues related to the challenges, choices, and changes associated with effective online teaching and learning, specifically for teacher educators, are highlighted. Every teacher educator, whether a seasoned veteran or aspiring newcomer, will benefit greatly from reading this outstanding book. We sincerely hope that our experiences will help you in your quest to become the best online educator that you can be.

Online Teaching and Learning for Teacher Educators is the first book written exclusively by teacher educators for teacher educators in higher education, K-12 classrooms, and for candidates preparing to become teacher educators. Written as a practical, easy to understand and use guide, this book is designed to support and empower teacher educators from all settings as they transition into and advance their knowledge, skills, and dispositions in online teaching and learning. Readers will find ten informative and stimulating chapters, drawn from each author's personal experience, that focus on the essential topics and emerging issues relevant to the ever-expanding and rapidly changing online environment unique to teacher educators. Topics covered include planning developmentally appropriate content and context in creative ways; establishing and engaging with collaborative communities of learners; optimizing opportunities for engagement, expression, exchange of ideas, innovation, and inspiration; incorporating meaningful assessments, rubrics, and feedback that promote thinking, growth, and reflection; and advancing awareness, application, and appreciation of ethics, equity, and efficacy. Plus, issues related to the challenges, choices, and changes associated with effective online teaching and learning, specifically for teacher educators, are highlighted. Every teacher educator, whether a seasoned veteran or aspiring newcomer, will benefit greatly from reading this outstanding book. We sincerely hope that our experiences will help you in your quest to become the best online educator that you can be.

Information flow as nerve impulses in neuronal circuits is regulated at synapses. The synapse is therefore a key element for information processing in the brain. Much attention has been given to fast synaptic transmission, which predominantly regulates impulse-to-impulse transmission. Slow synaptic transmission and modu lation, however, sometimes have been neglected in considering and attempting to understand brain function. Slow synaptic potentials and modulation occur with a considerable delay in response to the accumulation of synaptic and modulatory inputs. In these contexts, they are plastic in nature and play important roles in information processing in the brain. A symposium titled "Slow Synaptic Responses and Modulation" was held as the satellite symposium to the 75th Annual Meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan on March 30-31, 1998, in Kanazawa. The theme was selected not only for the reason mentioned above, but also because of the considerable involvement of many Japanese scholars in establishing the basic issues. Following the dawn of synaptic physiological research, as Sir John Eccles, Sir Bernard Katz, and Professor Stephen Kuffler carried out pioneer work, Professor Kyozou Koketsu and Professor Benjamin Libet, the students of Sir John Eccles, and their colleagues established the concept of slow synaptic responses and modulation by studying vertebrate sympathetic ganglia. Since then, the concept has been ex panded with detailed investigations of both peripheral and central synapses at the levels of single ion channels, intracellular Ca"+ dynamics, intracellular transduc tion mechanisms, and genes.

Drug products are complex mixtures of drugs and excipients and, as such, their chemical and physical stability kinetics are complex. This book discusses the stability of these dosage forms with preformulation studies through to the studies on the final products. The book is intended for graduate students, researchers and professionals in the field of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry.

This book provides a comprehensive presentation of the basics of statistical physics. The first part explains the essence of statistical physics and how it provides a bridge between microscopic and macroscopic phenomena, allowing one to derive quantities such as entropy. Here the author avoids going into details such as Liouville's theorem or the ergodic theorem, which are difficult for beginners and unnecessary for the actual application of the statistical mechanics. In the second part, statistical mechanics is applied to various systems which, although they look different, share the same mathematical structure. In this way readers can deepen their understanding of statistical physics. The book also features applications to quantum dynamics, thermodynamics, the Ising model and the statistical dynamics of free spins.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th Asia Information Retrieval Symposium, AIRS 2009, held in Sapporo, Japan, in October 2009.

The 18 revised full papers and 20 revised poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 82 submissions. All current aspects of information retrieval - in theory and practice - are addressed; working with text, audio, image, video and multimedia data.

The hit comedy manga comes to print by popular demand! Swimsuits! Ramen! Dumb jokes! Beer! Uncomfortable nudity! A boy heads off to college in a seaside town, and stumbles into the Grand Blue Dive Shop - a place full of beautiful female divers, noodle-obsessed jocks, and various other lovable bastards. A tale of coming of age surrounded by beer, bums, and the Grand Blue!

The hit comedy manga comes to print by popular demand! Swimsuits! Ramen! Dumb jokes! Beer! Uncomfortable nudity! A boy heads off to college in a seaside town, and stumbles into the Grand Blue Dive Shop - a place full of beautiful female divers, noodle-obsessed jocks and various other lovable bastards. A tale of coming of age surrounded by beer, bums and the Grand Blue!

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Security, IWSEC 2016, held in Tokyo, Japan, in September 2016. The 15 regular papers and 4 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 53 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: system security; searchable encryption; cryptanalysis; permutation and symmetric encryption; privacy preserving; hardware security; post-quantum cryptography; and paring computation.

Photoinduced processes, caused by natural sunlight, are key functions for sustaining all living organisms through production and transformation of organic matter (OM) in the biosphere. Production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from OM is a primary step of photoinduced processes, because H2O2 acts as strong reductant and oxidant. It is potentially important in many aquatic reactions, also in association with photosynthesis. Allochthonous and autochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be involved into several photoinduced or biological processes. DOM subsequently undergoes several physical, chemical, photoinduced and biological processes, which can be affected by global warming. This book is uniquely structured to overview some vital issues, such as: DOM; H2O2 and ROOH; HO*; Degradation of DOM; CDOM, FDOM; Photosynthesis; Chlorophyll; Metal complexation, and Global warming, as well as their mutual interrelationships, based on updated scientific results.

This volume examines our current understanding of the biological effects of fibrous and particulate substances, including discussions on nanoparticles. It offers comprehensive information on the latest insights into the immunological effects of various irritants on the human body. Readers will benefit from the contributing authors' diverse perspectives and extensive discussions of key issues, which include molecular alterations of the immune system and autoimmune diseases in connection with asbestos and silica, among others. The chapters also discuss recommendations, practical methods, and nanosafety science in situations involving exposure to nanotoxic substances. Edited in collaboration with the Japanese Society for Hygiene, this book provides up-to-date information on the immunological effects of nanotoxic substances to researchers interested in environmental and occupational health. Presenting a number of recent concepts and findings in the field, it enables readers to gain a comprehensive knowledge of health problems caused by environmental fibrous and particulate substances.

The fractional quantum Hall effect has opened up a new paradigm in the study of strongly correlated electrons and it has been shown that new concepts, such as fractional statistics, anyon, chiral Luttinger liquid and composite particles, are realized in two-dimensional electron systems. This book explains the quantum Hall effects together with these new concepts starting from elementary quantum mechanics.

The challenge of the Asian economic crisis in the late 1990s has placed pressure on the Japanese economy to change, causing the nation to turn to science and technology to safeguard its future. In this book, a team of three leading scholars in the field explore the dynamic relationship among science, technology and Japanese society, examining how it has contributed to economic growth and national well-being. The book includes several case studies in which competing views are presented, creating a synthesis of recent debates. Throughout, readers gain insight into the complex interplay between different values and interests, knowledge, and power. Chapters discuss government policy, the private sector and community responses; computers and communication; the automobile industry, the aerospace industry and quality control; the environment; consumer electronics; medical care; and the role of gender. This is an ideal introductory text for students in the sociology of science and technology, the history and philosophy of science, and Japanese studies. Up-to-date research and case studies make this an invaluable resource for readers interested in the nature of science and technology in the twenty-first century.

After graduating from an all-boys' high school, Iori Kitahara moves away from home to go to college in a seaside town. He's eager to start a new chapter in his life - one filled with dreams of reinventing himself, meeting beautiful girls, and reveling in his youth. But when his new abode is his uncle's dive shop, Iori's college debut doesn t turn out as glamorously as he planned! Can Iori keep himself afloat, or will the booze-fueled antics of his university's diving club wash him away?!

The hit comedy manga comes to print by popular demand! Swimsuits! Ramen! Dumb jokes! Beer! Uncomfortable nudity! A boy heads off to college in a seaside town, and stumbles into the Grand Blue Dive Shop - a place full of beautiful female divers, noodle-obsessed jocks and various other lovable bastards. A tale of coming of age surrounded by beer, bums and the Grand Blue!

The hit comedy manga comes to print by popular demand! Swimsuits! Ramen! Dumb jokes! Beer! Uncomfortable nudity! A boy heads off to college in a seaside town, and stumbles into the Grand Blue Dive Shop - a place full of beautiful female divers, noodle-obsessed jocks and various other lovable bastards. A tale of coming of age surrounded by beer, bums and the Grand Blue!

This volume contains the proceedings of the East Asia Joint Symposium on Fields and Strings 2021, held at the Media Center of Osaka City University on November 22-27, 2021. About 160 physicists from all over East Asia attended physically or joined online this symposium and more than 50 researchers presented their results in the invited lectures, the short talks or the poster session. Quantum field theory and string theory in the context of several exciting developments were discussed, which include frontiers of supersymmetric gauge theory, anomalies and higher form symmetries, and several issues on quantum gravity and black holes.