Waiting for the millennium was a major feature of British society at the endof the 18th century. But how exactly did this preoccupation shape—and how was it shaped by—the literature, art, and politics of the period we now call Romantic? These essays investigate a series of millenarians both famous and forgotten, from Coleridge to Cowper, Blake to Byron; and explore the artistic and political subcultures of radical London; the religious sects surrounding Richard Brothers and Joanna Southcott, and the poetics of feminism and Orientalism. Romanticism and Millenarianism presents an expanded and rehistoricized canon of writers and artists who shaped key debates about revolution, empire, gender, and sexuality.

This Palgrave Pivot argues for the significance of allegory in Enlightenment writing. While eighteenth-century allegory has often been dismissed as an inadequate form, both in its time and in later scholarship, this short book reveals how Enlightenment writers adapted allegory to the cultural changes of the time. It examines how these writers analyzed earlier allegories with scientific precision and broke up allegory into parts to combine it with other genres. These experimentations in allegory reflected the effects of empiricism, secularization and a modern aesthetic that were transforming Enlightenment culture. Using a broad range of examples - including classics of the genre, eighteenth-century texts and periodicals - this book argues that the eighteenth century helped make allegory the flexible, protean literary form it is today.

This book looks at the staging and performance of normality in early modern drama. Analysing conventions and rules, habitual practices, common things and objects, and mundane sights and experiences, this volume foregrounds a staged normality that has been heretofore unseen, ignored, or taken for granted. It draws together leading and emerging scholars of early modern theatre and culture to debate the meaning of normality in an early modern context and to discuss how it might transfer to the stage. In doing so, these original critical essays unsettle and challenge scholarly assumptions about how normality is represented in the performance space. The volume, which responds to studies of the everyday and the material turn in cultural history, as well as to broader philosophical engagements with the idea of normality and its opposites, brings to light the essential role that normality plays in the composition and performance of early modern drama.

Morte Darthur is investigated for its reflection of the contemporary political concerns Malory shared with the gentry class for whom he wrote. This book sets Malory's Morte Darthur in the context of the political concerns that he shared with the fifteenth-century gentry readers for whom he wrote his book; the author draws widely on their correspondence and readingmaterial, but looks particularly at the political content of contemporary miscellanies owned, commissioned and read by the gentry. She shows how the themes of political governance and royal succession, which are of primary importance in contemporary historical chronicles and genealogies, informed the political thinking of Malory's readers; and demonstrates how debates over ideas of worship, fellowship, lordship, and counselling indicate a process of changes in the gentry's political attitudes and values, their sense of identity, and also their response to the Arthurian story. Dr RALUCA L. RADULESCU is Lecturer in English at Bangor University.

This companion volume to The Return of Theory in Early Modern English Studies: Tarrying with the Subjunctive exemplifies the new directions in which the field is going as well as the value of crossing disciplinary boundaries within and beyond the humanities. Topics studied include posthumanism, ecological studies, and historical phenomenology.

Most of us have, at one time, been obsessed with something, but how did obsession become a mental illness? This book examines literary, medical, and philosophical texts to argue that what we call obsession became a disease in the Romantic era and reflects the era's anxieties. Using a number of literary texts, some well-known (like Mary Shelley's 1818 Frankenstein and Edgar Allan Poe's 1843 "The Tell Tale Heart") and some not (like Charlotte Dacre's 1811 The Passions and Charles Brockden Brown's 1787 Edgar Huntly), the book looks at "vigilia", an overly intense curiosity, "intellectual monomania", an obsession with study, "nymphomania" and "erotomania", gendered forms of desire, "revolutiana", an obsession with sublime violence and military service, and "ideality," an obsession with an idea. The coda argues that traces of these Romantic constructs can be seen in popular accounts of obsession today.

This book was written over a period of six years and looks at the Romantic Movement, 1770-1848, as it featured in English literature. Chapters one and three were given as lectures to the Charles Lamb Society in 1984 and 1987, chapters five and six were first represented, repectively, at the Romanticism and Revolution Conference at Lancaster University and at the French Revolution and British Culture Conference at Leicester University. Such writers as John Augustus Bonney, Wordsworth, George Dyer and Southey are examined.

Can poetry articulate something about love that philosophy cannot? The Form of Love argues that it can. In close readings of seven "metaphysical" poems, the book shows how poets of the early modern period and beyond use poetic form to turn philosophy to other ends, in order not to represent the truth about love but to create a virtual experience of love, in all its guises. The Form of Love shows how verse creates love that can't exist without poetry's specific affordances, and how poems can, in their impossibility, prompt love's radical re-imagining. Like the philosophies on which they draw, metaphysical poems imagine love as an intense form of non-sovereignty, of giving up control. They even imagine love as a liberating bondage-to a friend, a beloved, a saint, a God, or a garden. Yet these poems create strange, striking versions of such love, made in, rather than through, the devices, structures, and forces where love appears. Tracing how poems think, Kuzner argues, requires an intimate form of reading: close-even too close-attention to and thinking with the text. Showing how poetry thinks of love otherwise than other fields, the book reveals how poetry and philosophy can nevertheless enter into a relation that is itself like love.

In this challenging 1990 study, Donna Landry shows how an understanding of the remarkable but neglected careers of laboring-class women poets in the eighteenth century provokes a reassessment of our ideas concerning the literature of the period. Poets such as the washerwoman Mary Collier, the milkwoman Ann Yearsley, the domestic servants Mary Leapor and Elizabeth Hands, the dairywoman Janet Little, and the slave Phyllis Wheatley can be seen adapting the conventions of polite verse for the purposes of social criticism. Some of their strategies relate to earlier texts, revealing ideological blind spots in the tropes of male poets. Elsewhere, they made interesting innovations in poetic form. Mary Leapor's 'Crumble Hall', for instance, by attending to sexual politics, extends the critique of aristocratic privilege in the country-house poem beyond that of Pope and Crabbe. In Ann Yearsley's verse, landscape description, historical narrative, and philosophical meditation are infused with political comment. Historically important, technically impressive and often aesthetically innovative, the poetic achievements of these plebeian women writers constitute an exciting literary discovery.

This book re-evaluates the philosophical status of Samuel Taylor Coleridge by providing an extended comparison between his work and the phenomenological theory of Edmund Husserl. Examining Coleridge's accounts of the imagination, perception, poetic creativity and literary criticism, it draws a systematic and coherent structure out of a range of Coleridge's philosophical writing. In addition, it also applies the principles of Coleridge's philosophy to an interpretation of his own poetic output.

This book casts new light on the work of the German poet Friedrich Hoelderlin (1770 - 1843), and his translations of Greek tragedy. It shows Hoelderlin's poetry is unique within Western literature (and art) as it retrieves the socio-politics of a Dionysiac space-time and language to challenge the estrangement of humans from nature and one other. In this book, author Lucas Murrey presents a new picture of ancient Greece, noting that money emerged and rapidly developed there in the sixth century B.C. This act of monetization brought with it a concept of tragedy: money-tyrants struggling against the forces of earth and community who succumb to individual isolation, blindness and death. As Murrey points out, Hoelderlin (unconsciously) retrieves the battle between money, nature and community and creatively applies its lessons to our time. But Hoelderlin's poetry not only adapts tragedy to question the unlimited "machine process" of "a clever race" of money-tyrants. It also draws attention to Greece's warnings about the mortal danger of the eyes in myth, cult and theatre. This monograph thus introduces an urgently needed vision not only of Hoelderlin hymns, but also the relevance of disciplines as diverse as Literary Studies, Philosophy, Psychology (Psychoanalysis) as well as Religious and Visual (Media) Studies to our present predicament, where a dangerous visual culture, through its support of the unlimitedness of money, is harming our relation to nature and one another. "Here triumphs a temperament guided by ancient religion and that excavates, in Hoelderlin's translations, the central god Dionysus of Greek tragedy." "Lucas Murrey shares with his subject, Hoelderlin, a vision of the Greeks as bringing something vitally important into our poor world, a vision of which few classical scholars are now capable." -Richard Seaford, author of Money and the Early Greek Mind and Dionysus. "Here triumphs a temperament guided by ancient religion and that excavates, in Hoelderlin's translations, the central god Dionysus of Greek tragedy." -Bernhard Boeschenstein, author of "Frucht des Gewitters". Zu Hoelderlins Dionysos als Gott der Revolution and Paul Celan: Der Meridian. "Lucas Murrey takes the god of tragedy, Dionysus, finally serious as a manifestation of the ecstatic scream of liberation and visual strategies of dissolution: he pleasantly portrays Hoelderlin's idiosyncratic poetic sympathy." -Anton Bierl, author of Der Chor in der Alten Komoedie. Ritual and Performativitat "Hoelderlin most surely deserved such a book." -Jean-Francois Kervegan, author of Que faire de Carl Schmitt? "...fascinating material..." -Noam Chomsky, author of Media Control and Nuclear War and Environmental Catastrophe.

This book argues for the importance of blasphemy in shaping the literature and readership of Percy Bysshe Shelley and of the Romantic period more broadly. Not only are perceptions of blasphemy taken to be inextricable from politics, this book also argues for blasphemous 'irreverence' as both inspiring and necessitating new poetic creativity. The book reveals the intersection of blasphemy, censorship and literary property throughout the 'Long Eighteenth Century', attesting to the effect of this connection on Shelley's poetry more specifically. Paul Whickman notes how Shelley's perceived blasphemy determined the nature and readership of his published works through censorship and literary piracy. Simultaneously, Whickman crucially shows that aesthetics, content and the printed form of the physical text are interconnected and that Shelley's political and philosophical views manifest themselves in his writing both formally and thematically.

This book examines how Methodism and popular review criticism intersected with and informed each other in the eighteenth century. Methodism emerged at a time when the idea of a 'public square' was taking shape, a process facilitated by the periodical press. Perhaps more so than any previous religious movement, Methodism, and the publications associated with it, received greater scrutiny largely because of periodical literature and the emergence of popular review criticism. The book considers in particular how works addressing Methodism were discussed and critiqued in the era's two leading literary periodicals - The Monthly Review and The Critical Review. Focusing on the period between 1749 and 1789, the study encompasses the formative years of popular review criticism and some of the more dramatic moments in the textual culture of early Methodism. The author illustrates some of the specific ways these review journals diverged in their critical approaches and sensibilities as well as their politics and religious opinions. The Monthly's and the Critical's responses to the Methodists' own publishing efforts as well as the anti-Methodist critique are shown to be both multifaceted and complex. The book critically reflects on the pretended neutrality, reasonableness, and objectivity of reviewers, who at times found themselves negotiating between the desire to regulate literary tastes and the impulse to undermine the Methodist revival. It will be relevant to scholars of religion, history and literary studies with an interest in Methodism, print culture, and the eighteenth century.

'Shakespeare, Cinema and Desire' explores the desires and the futures of Shakespeare's language and cinematographic adaptations of Shakespeare. Tracing ways that film offers us a rich new understanding of Shakespeare, it highlights issues such as media technology, mourning, loss, the voice, narrative territories and flows, sexuality and gender.

Censorship is one of the key controversies debated by Renaissance historians and literary critics. They are divided over a number of questions: Was there once a concerted plan to censor all material hostile to the status quo; or did authorities only intervene in periods of acute crisis? Did authorities actually read the material referred to them? This is the first collection to bring together the key figures in the field, with essays by Richard Burt, Janet Clare, Cyndia Clegg, Richard Dutton, Richard McCabe, and Annabel Patterson.

This collection focuses on a woman's point of view in love poetry, and juxtaposes poems by women and poems about women to raise questions about how femininity is constructed. Although most medieval "woman's songs" are either anonymous or male-authored lyrics in a popular style, the term can usefully be expanded to cover poetry composed by women, and poetry that is aristocratic or learned rather than popular. Poetry from ancient Greece and Rome that resonates with the medieval poems is also included here. Readers will find a range of voices, often echoing similar themes, as women rejoice or lament, praise or condemn, plead or curse, speak in jest or in earnest, to men and to each other, about love.

In the early modern period, there have been a vigorous debate in the public arena on the nature of women and their place in society. For instance, most women had been excluded from inheritance. The author of this work is shedding light on how the notion of inheritance intrudes into the literature produced by women of the period. She analyses the tropes of inheritance and appropriation as they are evidenced in the works of women from the upper strata of society - women such as Mary (Sidney) Herbert, the Countess of Pembroke, and Lady Mary Wroth, both scions of the renowned Sidney family - and also those produced by those from lower down in the social spectrum, such as Aemilia Lanyer and Isabella Whitney.

This concise collection of Renaissance poetry includes selections from the works of Wyatt, Sidney, Marlow, Shakespeare, Jonson, Donne, Herbert and Milton.
Contains a selection of the most significant Renaissance Poetry.
Places traditional favourites are alongside less well-known titles, reflecting the ways in which the literary canon has changed in recent years.
Includes a succinct introduction, which gives readers a sense of how poetry developed during the period.
Ideal for readers seeking a first introduction to the classic texts of English literature.

John Donne's Language of Disease reveals the influence of medical knowledge -- a rapidly changing field in early modern England -- on Donne's thinking and writing. This knowledge played a crucial role in shaping how Donne understood his everyday experiences, and how he conveyed those experiences in his work. Examining a wide range of his texts through the lens of medical history, this study contends that Donne was both a product of his period and a remarkable exception to it. He used medical language in unexpected and striking ways that made his ideas resonate with his original audience, and that can illuminate his ideas for readers today.

The gothic novel in Ireland, c. 1760-1829 offers a compelling account of the development of gothic literature in late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century Ireland. Countering traditional scholarly views of the 'rise' of 'the gothic novel' on the one hand, and, on the other, Irish Romantic literature, this study persuasively re-integrates a body of now overlooked works into the history of the literary gothic as it emerged across Ireland, Britain, and Europe between 1760 and 1829. Its twinned quantitative and qualitative analysis of neglected Irish texts produces a new formal, generic, and ideological map of gothic literary production in this period, persuasively positioning Irish works and authors at the centre of a new critical paradigm with which to understand both Irish Romantic and gothic literary production. -- .

This book is a unique scholarly attempt to examine Don Quixote from multiple angles to see how the re-accentuation of the world's greatest literary hero takes place in film, theatre, and literature. To accomplish this task, eighteen scholars from the USA, Canada, Spain, and Great Britain have come together, and each of them has brought his/her unique perspective to the subject. For the first time, Don Quixote is discussed from the point of re-accentuation, i.e. having in mind one of the key Bakhtinian concepts that will serve as a theoretical framework. A primary objective was therefore to articulate, relying on the concept of re-accentuation, that the history of the novel has benefited enormously from the re-accentuation of Don Quixote helping us to shape countless iconic novels from the eighteenth century, and to see how Cervantes's title character has been reinterpreted to suit the needs of a variety of cultures across time and space.

Foreword by Gunter Grass
This anthology gives a sense of the broad range of prose writing, the many interests of the seventeenth century intellectual, a rich diversity of genres, fictions and non-fictions.

The Caribbean has traditionally been understood as a region that did not develop a significant 'native' literary culture until the postcolonial period. Indeed, most literary histories of the Caribbean begin with the texts associated with the independence movements of the early twentieth century. However, as recent research has shown, although the printing press did not arrive in the Caribbean until 1718, the roots of Caribbean literary history predate its arrival. This collection contributes to this research by filling a significant gap in literary and historical knowledge with the first collection of essays specifically focused on the literatures of the early Caribbean before 1850.