With economic winter facing many healthcare and health education budgets, the high costs of medical education are bringing it under close scrutiny. However, the costs of not providing high quality medical education - not least human costs in morbidity and mortality from medical error - are also high, presenting medical educators, funding managers, policy makers and economists with an unenviable dilemma. To add to their difficulties, remarkably little has been written on cost effectiveness in medical education, including how to calculate costs, how to get maximal value for money and even what constitutes value for money. In this book, the first of its kind, world leading experts comprehensively outline what is known about cost effectiveness in each of their fields. Undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing professional education are all explored, as are e-learning, simulation, cost benefit analysis and numerous other areas. Lecturers and researchers in medical education, clinical tutors and educational supervisors and appraisers, managers responsible for funding medical education and health economists and health policy makers and shapers will find this an invaluable resource. 'An excellent analysis and explanation of an under-explored subject' - from the Foreword by Sir Liam Donaldson

Belkaoui offers a thorough examination of the various factors that affect the judgment/decision process in an accounting setting. As the author notes at the outset, an appreciation of the various influences on accounting decisionmaking is of critical importance to users, preparers, and verifiers of accounting information--particularly in an era of multinational corporations and global markets. In order to explain the judgment process in accounting, Belkaoui proposes a new theoretical model which assumes both that a cognitive process guides judgments and decisionmaking in accounting and that the schemata underlying this process are shaped by the crucial factors of national culture, language, organizational culture, and contractual agreements. The author examines each of these influences in turn, offering a comprehensive guide to the practitioner and researcher seeking empirical hypotheses to explain the judgment process in the international accounting arena.

The bulk of the volume is devoted to an in-depth examination of each of the five relativisms which affect the accounting judgment/decision process--cognitive, cultural, linguistic, organizational, and contractual. In each chapter, the author explores the theory and findings underlying these relativisms in the social sciences and their contribution to explaining the judgment/decision process in accounting. The final chapter synthesizes the preceding material and develops an international accounting theory based upon the judgment/decision model. Throughout, Belkaoui focuses on the complexity and richness of the judgment/decision process, cautioning that the evaluation of any accounting information must take into account the various critical influences on this process.

Corporations must decide how much to invest in the natural capital (e.g., air, water, land, and forests) that they depend upon for their economic survival. How do they project the costs of essential investments under conditions of scientific and legislative uncertainty? An innovative roadmap is laid out with the help of a case study based on the actual experiences of a forestry company that made such an attempt. Everyone interested in developing a long-range environmental strategy will find this book instructive: senior corporate management, accountants, internal auditors, academics, students, and environmentalists. Based on the author's research for the United Nations, a new methodology is advanced to compute fuller costs. In addition to practical guidance on the theory and practice of calculating these costs, the author illustrates alternatives to traditional capital budgeting models. A whole range of concepts and applications are offered on natural capital; intergenerational equity; waste minimization; asset depletion rates; application of risk-management principles to costing natural capital; off-balance sheet natural assets; modern definition of profit for natural and business capital. Pioneering reporting methods for returns on investment and product costs are recommended in the concluding chapters.

With limited exceptions, present accounting rules do not address software accounting, and state and federal rules of taxing software remain ambiguous. Up-to-date, comprehensive, and written by the leading authority in this field, "Accounting and Tax Aspects of Computer Software Manufacturing" explains these rules for anyone involved with the tax or accounting aspects of software, including accountants, attorneys, and corporate executives.

Quality is becoming the most important competitive issue. The customer demands quality making it imperative to businesses to take it in serious consideration. It has become a matter of survival to provide a quality product. The concern with quality demands a) a better definition of the quality concept for each firm; b) a constant monitoring and planning of the quality standards and actions; and c) a continuous control of operations towards a quality objective. This is essentially the message and the content of this book: That quality needs to be defined contingent on the specific activities of the firm; that quality needs to be constantly monitored through a specific planning and recording system and finally, that quality is essentially the result of strong control activities. Belkaoui reviews the various approaches to the specification of the quality concept, the type of recording systems appropriate for its monitoring and the detailed control procedures needed to achieve it.

The book should be very helpful to executives involved in a total quality control program, management accountants involved in the control of quality and accounting students in managerial accounting courses.

This important new book explains how to use management auditing to determine the efficiency of public utility management systems. The first book to concentrate on such areas as evaluation criteria and audits of operations and personnel, Management Auditing as a Regulatory Tool identifies problems in the auditing process and recommends strategies for improving it. It is an essential guideline for public utility management, auditors, and consulting organizations. The book focuses on nine management audits of major New York state organizations.

This edition of Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting includes articles from a distinguished group of authors. The topics covered explore many aspects of professional responsibility and ethics in accounting, including Giving Voice to Values, Whistleblowing, Earnings Management, and Materiality.

For many entrepreneurs there is a mystique about finance -starting, growing and selling new ventures is tough enough. Yet with some focused financial knowledge you can run your company with less cash, grow it more quickly and make more money when it is sold. This book makes the dry world of finance easy to understand and relevant to entrepreneurs.

This book focuses on how American and non-American multinational companies can plan and manage their international business in the Gulf countries. Important issues of accounting, auditing, finance, taxation, marketing, and managerial issues are covered in each of the selected Gulf countries.

"Advances in Accounting Education: Teaching and Curriculum Innovations" is a refereed, academic research annual that aims to meet the needs of faculty members interested in ways to improve their classroom instruction. It includes both non-empirical and empirical articles dealing with accounting pedagogy at college and university level. Non-empirical papers are academically rigorous and specifically discuss the institutional context of a course or program, as well as any relevant trade offs or policy issues. Empirical reports exhibit sound research design and execution, and develop a thorough motivation and literature review. Thoughtful, well-developed articles describe how teaching methods or curricula/programs can be improved. "Advances in Accounting Education: Teaching and Curriculum Innovations" serves as a forum for sharing generalizable teaching approaches ranging from curricula development to content delivery techniques. Readable, relevant and reliable this volume is of interest to all instructors, researchers and administrators committed to improving accounting education at the college and university level. This volume presents relevant, readable articles dealing with accounting pedagogy at college/university level. It serves as a forum for sharing generalizable teaching approaches ranging from curricula development to content delivery techniques and is of interest to instructors, researchers and administrators committed to improving accounting education.

The leading professional accounting bodies in Britain today boast more than a quarter of a million qualified members and accountants are moving into top management positions in increasing numbers. Accountants have become the foremost professional grouping in British business management. The Priesthood of Industry documents the rise of the accountancy profession, from the handful of accountants listed in the trade directories of the major cities in the late-eighteenth century to the huge commercially-oriented firms of the late-twentieth century. The authors focus on the individual: the professional accountant, and adopt an economic determinist analysis to explain the rise of public practice and the transfer of staff to industry in increasing numbers. They also consider the routes through which this transfer of skills took place, and identify demand and supply side factors to explain the professional accountant's present hegemony in business management.

Develop a strong foundation in accounting that prepares you for future study and success in today's business world with ACCOUNTING, 29E by award-winning authors Warren/Jones/Tayler. This edition and corresponding CNOWv2 digital resources connect accounting concepts to the "bigger picture" as you see how the steps in the accounting cycle are interrelated and how accounting plays a critical role in business success. Chapter-opening features clearly demonstrate how each chapter's content fits within the overall framework of this edition. The CNOWv2's Journal Entry Tool reinforces this approach by automatically illustrating the impact of transactions on the accounting equation. New content integrates coverage of data analytics, while new online appendices provide optional topics for study. This edition offers learner-centric revisions as well as new learning features, demonstration videos, case and projects to create a rewarding learning experience no matter what your learning style.

Every company considering or implementing the ISO or QS series of quality standards knows how important documentation and auditing are when it comes to certification. Documenting and Auditing for ISO 9000 and QS-9000 provides a comprehensive explanation of the documentation and audit process from both a practical and a theoretical point if view and leads readers through a detailed approach to preparing documentation and conducting an audit for a quality system in any organization. Each of the chapters and appendices are totally independent of each other and can be used as needed. Examples from a variety of industries illustrate the applicability of the standards and requirements. The need for sound documentation and auditing in the implementation process cannot be underestimated. Documenting and Auditing for ISO 9000 and QS-9000 will facilitate that process and help ensure a smooth registration or certification.

.Simpson identifies strategies for cost containment or cost reduction in higher education and discusses these strategies in light of their effect on the quality of the learning experience, the future of the academic profession, and the implications for society. This differs from most of the current literature on cost, which tends only to describe it, explain factors underlying its increase, and how it may be financed.

Particular concern is given to options that could be followed over the long term without impairing the quality of educational opportunities, the academic profession, or society in general. The emphasis is thus on the objectives to be served, rather than the resolution of financial difficulties on the revenue side or on crisis management. Some of the strategies discussed are applicable at particular levels of government; some relate to interinstitutional arrangements; and some are options for individual institutions. This book is recommended for university trustees and administrators, educational administration courses, and government policymakers and concerned faculty.

Distinguishing between accounting by design, in which accounting techniques and solutions are selected because they fit a pre-established goal, and accounting by principle, in which accounting techniques and solutions are selected according to principle and regardless of whether they mesh with preconceived ideas about the outcome, Riahi-Belkaoui describes designed accounting in detail. Characteristics of accounting by design can be found in income smoothing, earnings management, creative accounting, fraud, and slack. Preparers and users of accounting information, and anyone interested in the burgeoning accounting crisis, should find this book very valuable.

Latin America consists of a diverse set of countries that nonetheless face common political, economic and social problems; in particular, high inequality and volatile growth which have contributed to high levels of poverty. However, since the 2000s, most countries in Latin America have reduced inflation, brought external debts under control and improved on most of the key economic and social performance indexes. These structural changes have attracted the attention of external investors, as well as large international audiences. With countries such as Mexico and Brazil becoming political and economic power houses, the Latin American region is set to play an important role in the global economy. Yet, international research communities currently lack a systematic understanding of Latin American accounting issues, in spite of a vibrant and growing accounting literature emanating from Latin American researchers. We aim with this volume to offer to the external audiences a sample of the research conducted in Latin American countries ranging from issues of financial and management Accounting, which can further theirs understanding of accounting issues in Latin America.

This volume aims to contribute to the substance of this debate by looking at how the NPM ideas have been conceptualised, implemented and affected the accounting, accountability and auditing practices in emerging economies characterised by different ideologies, economic, social and political factors. The NPM-led furore, based on the assumption of a leaner public sector, has hit the emerging economies; the outcomes of this in emerging economies have not yet been either researched or hugely publicised. In accounting, studies that relate and appreciate the history and its ideological significance are under-emphasized; henceforth this issue bridges the gap and focuses on studies that historically examine the development of accounting, accountability and auditing in the emerging economies, pre-and post NPM.

Advances in Management Accounting publishes thoughtful, well-developed articles across a broad spectrum of current topics in the field of management accounting, using a variety of research methods including survey research, field tests, corporate case studies and modeling. Volume 24 exemplifies the broad scope of Advances in Management Accounting, examining areas of management accounting such as performance evaluation systems, accounting of product costs, behavioral impacts on management accounting, and innovations in management accounting, including all systems designed to provide information for management decision making.

In this book, the relationship between risk, return and the cost of capital is contextualized by relating it to the needs of investors and borrowers, the historical evidence, and theories of choice and behavior. The text spans financial theory, its empirical tests and applications to real-world financial problems while keeping an entertaining easy-to-read style.

This book integrates corporate governance, corporate finance and accounting to formulate sound financial management strategies. It offers practical steps for managers using an integrated optimisation financial model to achieve good corporate governance practices which lead to lower risks and higher firm value.

Essays on Accounting Theory in Honour of Joel Demski contains an extensive review of Professor Demski's own contributions to the theory of accounting over four decades written by Jerry Feltham, professor emeritus at the University of British Columbia. The integration of Accounting and the Economics of information worked out by Joel Demski and those he inspired has revolutionized accounting thought.

The links between manpower management, financial control and information management systems are clearly defined in Business Management (A Brief Expose) where an analysis of budgeting for manpower needed for production and marketing; basic steps in accounting procedures; and stages in data processing are expounded. It is realised that whereas the factory processes raw materials and produces goods for sale, a data processing department processes basic data and produces basic business documents and control information for management to keep them informed of events within the business. This enables them to coordinate different activities of the organisation's functional groups and to control the day-to-day transactions and be in a position to take whatever corrective action is necessary to achieve the objectives of the particular business. Furthermore, an efficient data processing system makes it possible to adjust the situation before it goes out of hand by adjusting income distribution and combating organisation inefficiency. With carefully structured data processing systems, a general method can be established for decision-making or policy-making in individual cases of manpower recruitment and development; investment projects; and income distribution. A brief description of the complexities of economic and business affairs may be necessarily misleading, but I hope that this booklet is not more misleading than the average of such materials. It is an attempt to explain the immense complexity of the real world by logical theories, which provide the student with worthwhile intellectual exercise and excitement. Business Management (A Brief Expose) offers to the professional student, the start-up entrepreneur, the small- and medium-size businessman and the business executive a preliminary survey of the fields of manpower development, accountancy and electronic data processing. The wider public, whose enlightened interest is the mainspring of social progress, may, I hope, find in its pages something to stimulate reflection upon those larger issues which must be determined, if at all, by the consensus of their opinion. The purpose of this booklet is to give the reader an insight into the way organisations emerge and grow, and the relationships between manpower management, financial management and management information systems. In particular, Business Management (A Brief Expose) will be of help to the busy Chief Executive Officer who hardly has time to read through different volumes associated with manpower management, financial control and computerised management information systems. Nevertheless, more reading and details may be found in A Handbook in Business Management by the same author. Jacob Wilson Chikuhwa has also published a number of books on Zimbabwe's socio-economic developments.