Extraordinary technological progress, but also the experience gained from the global COVID-19 pandemic, force the future vision of the world's economic development to assume a close coexistence and intense interaction between production (manufacturing) and logistics and supply chain management. This perspective requires that the current functioning of organizations will have to be radically remodeled so that they can face not only market competition, but also the turbulent changes (VUCA) that take place in their close environment. Therefore, in the next few years, one of the most important tools for improving organizations may become the industry audits, especially logistics audit. This book explores the development, methods and impact of logistics audits on organizations. In a holistic way, the book refers to topics such as internal audit, control, logistics system of enterprises, principles of conducting logistics audit and its problem areas (risk), logistics audit of procurement, production, warehousing, distribution, and supply chains, impact of the digital economy on organizations, and the European market for logistics audit services. Undoubtedly, the greatest asset of this book is that, in international terms, it is the first compact book devoted to the issue of logistics audit. Unique and timely, the book will be an essential resource for academics and postgraduate students of logistics, supply chain management and global operations in particular.

Advances in Accounting Education is a refereed, academic research annual whose purpose is to meet the needs of faculty members interested in ways to improve their classroom instruction. It publishes thoughtful, well-developed articles that are readable, relevant and reliable. Articles are peer-reviewed and may be either empirical or non-empirical. They emphasize pedagogy, i.e., explaining how faculty members can improve their teaching methods, or how accounting units can improve their curricula/programs. The series examines diverse issues such as software use, cultural differences, perceptions of the profession, and more.

Advances in Accounting Education is a refereed, academic research annual whose purpose is to meet the needs of faculty members interested in ways to improve their classroom instruction. It publishes thoughtful, well-developed articles that are readable, relevant and reliable. Articles are peer-reviewed and may be either empirical or non-empirical. They emphasize pedagogy, i.e., explaining how faculty members can improve their teaching methods, or how accounting units can improve their curricula/programs. The series examines diverse issues such as software use, cultural differences, perceptions of the profession, and more.

For courses in Accounting Fraud, Forensic Accounting, Financial Statement Fraud, Financial Statement Analysis, Ethics for Accountants, and Auditing. A case-study approach that enables students to identify key signs of fraud in financial statements Over the last two decades, financial statement fraud has become an increasingly serious issue, resulting in the collapse of ostensibly solid companies and a subsequent lack of confidence in financial markets. Detecting Accounting Fraud: Analysis and Ethics was created in response to the challenges facing accountants in this era. The text provides students a thorough overview of the most frequently used methods of overstating earnings and assets or understating debt in financial statements. It also provides detailed coverage of the main signals indicating possible fictitious reporting in financial statements to help students learn what to look for. And because breakdowns in ethics underlie accounting fraud, the text presents three major theories of ethics, plus applicable ethical decision-making models as well as opportunities for students to apply ethical models to real-world situations.This text provides a better teaching and learning experience-for you and your students. It will help you to: * Explain accounting fraud through detailed case studies: The text's real-world case study approach helps students understand the methods used to perpetrate financial statement fraud today. * Focus student attention on ethics: Ethics coverage integrated throughout the text helps students understand this topic's importance vis-a-vis accounting fraud. * Foster thorough understanding via student-focused features: An engaging, captivating writing style and diverse end-of-chapter materials motivate and assist students.

Law of one price continues to be a central tenet of Financial Economics. This book is devoted towards examining law of one price in the context of dually-listed shares of Indian companies. Put simply, this book delves on the relationship between the prices of domestic shares issued by Indian companies and the prices of foreign shares issued by the same companies. It also examines the evolving uncertainty in relationships between such dually-listed shares issued by Indian companies. It draws upon the insights that we garnered over the years while working on technical papers in this area. The book, thus, undertakes concerted efforts to present facts in a manner that sensitize and meaningfully inform readers of the prevalent breadth and depth of dual-listing (cross-listing) landscape globally and more so, locally (India).

Financial analyses, investments, and accounting practices are continually developing and improving areas that have seen significant advancements in the past century. However, the recent bankruptcies by major banks, the debt crisis in the European Union, and the economic turmoil in several countries have caused severe downfalls in financial markets and financial systems worldwide. As the world works to recover, it is important to learn from these financial crises to ensure a more secure and sustainable outlook for organizations and the global future. Perspectives, Trends, and Applications in Corporate Finance and Accounting is a crucial resource providing coverage on the stock market, public deficits, investment firms' performances, banking systems, and global economic trends. This publication highlights areas including, but not limited to, the relationship between the stock market and macroeconomics, earnings management, and pricing models while also discussing previous financial crises. This book is a vital reference work for accountants, financial experts, investment firms, corporate leaders, researchers, and policy makers.

In August, 1976 the research seminar 'Decision-making in business' was organized at Nijenrode, The Netherlands School of Business. More than fifty scientists and practitioners from nine countries presented research papers in one of the six discussion groups. Some of them also presented some of their ideas in front of a large mixed audience at a one-day symposium. Many of the papers presented at Nijenrode were of such a high quality that the decision to publish a selection of them was an easy one. At the same time the new series Nijenrode studies in business was initiated. All who were involved, the policy committee of the N ijenrode studies, the advisory and editorial board of the series, the publisher, and the organizing committee of the seminar and symposium, acclaimed the idea of publishing three volumes in the new series. A collection of eleven papers could be grouped under the title Trends in managerial andfinancial accounting. Another collection will be published as volume 2 of this series under the title TI'ends in financial decision-making, while volume 3 will consist of papers exploring the theme Trends in business ethics. The books are intended for those who are interested in new developments in the decision-making area. They are especially suitable for graduate or advanced undergraduate courses: volume 1 in managerial or financial accounting courses; volume 2 in courses on managerial finance, capital budgeting or decision making; and volume 3 in courses on business ethics or related fields."

Starting from the economic modelling of the organization, this innovative book proposes a mapping of all types (conventional and ABC) of cost systems currently in use. Design and relevance are formalized using a short list of parameters. The theoretical proposition is illustrated, through 19 systems built on a unique databse.

This innovative book presents new research on the increasingly important need to account for the use of resources, and the dispersion of waste materials. It considers resource accounting both at the process level and at the materials level, and in addition offers policy suggestions for waste and resource accounting. The book opens with an introduction to industrial metabolism and its various implications. It then goes on to examine resource accounting at the national and sectoral level, through the systematic application of the mass-balance principle to estimate materials losses at different stages of the production process. It then examines one cluster of industries (related to chlorine) in greater detail. At the process level the use of chemical process simulation software in the estimation of waste emissions is examined, specifically focusing on cases where emissions data is unavailable or unreliable. Finally it introduces, for the first time, a common single measure for evaluating and comparing process or sectoral resource and waste flows between time periods, between sectors and between regions and nations. This measure is known as exergy, and although not new in itself, it has never before been used systematically for these purposes. In conclusion the author summarizes the main problems of resource and waste accounting and offers some policy recommendations for the implementation of accounting for resources. Accounting for Resources ,1 will be welcomed by environmental managers and scientists, economists, practitioners and government policymakers.

This work describes how the rules of accounting are developed. It provides a new perspective on European accounting, showing how laws, standards, decrees and other regulations evolve, discussing and comparing the institutional settings and the legislative processes within each country. Each chapter has been written by a leading expert on financial accounting in the established countries of the European Union.

Chapter 1 Business, Accounting, and You 1 Business, Accounting, and You 1 What Is a Business, and Why Study Accounting? 2 The Definition of a Business 2 The General Concept of Value 3 Business Owners and Other Stakeholders 4 The Goal of a Business 5 How Does a Business Operate? 5 Resources Needed to Start and Operate a Business 5 Operating the Business 5 The Cost of Money 6 How Are Businesses Organized? 6 The Types of Businesses 6 The Legal Forms of Businesses 7 What Is Accounting, and What Are the Key Accounting Principles and Concepts? 9 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 9 International Financial Reporting Standards 10 The Business Entity Principle 10 The Reliability (Objectivity) Principle 10 The Cost Principle 10 Accounting Ethics: A Matter of Trust 10 What Is the Role of Accounting in a Business? 11 How Do You Recognize a Business Transaction? 12 Cash Accounting 12 Accrual Accounting 12 How Do You Measure a Business Transaction? 12 How Do You Record Business Transactions Using the Accounting Equation? 13 Transaction Analysis 14 Stockholders' Equity 14 How Do You Report Business Transactions Using Financial Statements?20 The Income Statement 20 The Statement of Retained Earnings 22 The Balance Sheet 22 The Statement of Cash Flows 22 Relationships Among the Financial Statements 23 Accounting, Business, and You-Putting It All Together 24 Summary 25 Accounting Practice 28 Apply Your Knowledge 49 Know Your Business 50 Chapter 2 Analyzing and Recording Business Transactions 53 Business, Accounting, and You 53 How Are Accounts Used to Keep Business Transactions Organized? 54 Organizing Accounts 54 Assets 55 Liabilities 55 Stockholders' Equity 55 What Is Double-Entry Accounting? 56 Normal Balance 58 How Are the General Journal and General Ledger Used to Keep Track of Business Transactions? 58 Transaction Analysis 60 Applying Transaction Analysis 60 Balancing the T-Accounts 67 How Is a Trial Balance Prepared, and What Is It Used For? 69 Correcting Errors 70 Preparation of Financial Statements 71 Summary 74 Accounting Practice 75 Apply Your Knowledge 99 Know Your Business 99 Chapter 3 Adjusting and Closing Entries 102 Business, Accounting, and You 102 How Does a Company Accurately Report Its Income?104 Revenue Recognition and Matching Principles 104 What Is the Role of Adjusting Entries, and When Are They Prepared? 105 Accruing Revenues 106 Accruing Expenses 107 Adjusting Deferred Revenues 107 Adjusting Deferred Expenses 108 How Are Financial Statements Prepared from an Adjusted Trial Balance? 113 The Adjusted Trial Balance 113 Preparing the Financial Statements 115 How Does a Company Prepare for a New Accounting Period? 117 Completing the Accounting Cycle 117 The Three Closing Entries: Revenues, Expenses, and Dividends 118 Post-Closing Trial Balance 120 Summary of the Adjusting and Closing Processes 120 Summary 123 Accounting Practice 125 Apply Your Knowledge 154 Know Your Business 154 Comprehensive Problem 157 Chapter 4 Accounting for a Merchandising Business 159 Business, Accounting, and You 159 What Are the Relationships Among Manufacturers, Wholesalers, Retailers, and Customers? 160 How Do Periodic and Perpetual Inventory Systems Differ? 161 How Do You Account for the Purchase of Inventory? 162 Cash and Credit Purchases 162 Purchase Returns and Allowances 162 Purchase Discounts 163 How Do You Account for the Sale of Inventory?164 Cash Sales 165 Credit Sales 165 Sales Returns and Allowances 166 Sales Returns 167 Sales Allowances 167 Sales Discounts 168 How Do You Account for Freight Charges and Other Selling Expenses? 169 Costs Related to the Receipt of Goods from Suppliers 170 Costs Related to Delivering Goods to Customers 171 Other Selling Costs 173 How Do You Prepare a Merchandiser's Financial Statements? 174 The Income Statement 174 The Statement of Retained Earnings 177 The Balance Sheet 177 Summary 180 Accounting Practice 183 Apply Your Knowledge 205 Know Your Business 205 Chapter 5 Inventory 208 Business, Accounting, and You 208 What Inventory Costing Methods Are Allowed? 209 Cost Flow Versus Physical Flow of Inventory 210 How Are the Four Inventory Costing Methods Applied? 212 Inventory Cost Flows 212 Specific-Identification Method 213 First-In, First-Out (FIFO) Method 214 Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) Method 215 Average Cost Method 216 Journalizing Inventory Transactions 217 What Effect Do the Different Costing Methods Have on Net Income? 218 What Else Determines How Inventory Is Valued? 220 How Is Inventory Reported on the Balance Sheet?222 Inventory Shrinkage 222 How Do Inventory Errors Affect the Financial Statements? 223 Is It Possible to Estimate the Value of Inventory If the Inventory Is Accidentally Destroyed? 224 Summary 228 Accounting Practice 230 Apply Your Knowledge 252 Know Your Business 252 Comprehensive Problem 254 Chapter 6 The Challenges of Accounting: Standards, Internal Control, Audits, Fraud, and Ethics 256 Business, Accounting, and You 256 What Are the Rules that Govern Accounting? 257 Understandable 257 Relevant 258 Reliable 258 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in the United States 258 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Around the World: IFRS 259 Differences Between FASB and IFRS 259 What Is Internal Control? 261 Elements of an Internal Control System 261 What Is Fraud, and Who Commits It? 265 Management Fraud 265 Employee Embezzlement 265 The Factors Usually Present When Fraud Is Committed 266 What Is a Certified Public Accountant (CPA)? 268 Audits 268 Audit Opinions 269 What Are the Legal and Ethical Responsibilities of Accountants?270 The Legal Responsibilities of Accountants 270 Ethical Responsibilities of Accountants 271 Summary 273 Accounting Practice 275 Apply Your Knowledge 282 Know Your Business 285 Chapter 7 Cash and Receivables 288 Business, Accounting, and You 288 What Are the Different Types of Sales? 289 Cash Sales 289 Credit Card Sales 290 Debit Card Sales 290 Credit/Debit Card Processing 290 Sales on Account 291 What In

Business Information Systems for Accounting Students offers a more practical approach than the typical accounting information systems textbook. The text covers the technical foundations of the topic, and provides a unique insight into what information systems and technology mean for accountants in today's business environment. Providing a contemporary education for undergraduate accounting students, Quinn and Kristandl offer a fresh perspective that is relevant to both UK and international students of computerised accounting, accounting information systems or accounting technology. Key features of the text include: Real life examples with QR codes for easy access on smart devices . Examples are drawn from leading organizations such as Ryanair, Marks and Spencer, SAP and The World Bank. Coverage of the features of selected office, accounting and business software Mini-cases to show how technology benefits business "Tracking the relationship between accounting and technology in an ever changing world is no mean feat. Now, this book offers a comprehensive overview of technology- using many real-life examples - to introduce why and how technology matters for today's accountant" Professor Niels Dechow, EBS Business School, Wiesbaden.

Today's competitive economic environment requires companies to create integrated, forward-thinking business strategies. Accounting plays a large part in the creation of these strategies by establishing step-by-step guidelines for achieving strategic objectives. In short, international accounting standards and local accounting standards play a major role in the success rate of a company's overall accounting scheme.International Accounting Harmonization analyzes the differences between national accounting rules and international accounting methods, showing that when firms adopt international accounting standards they achieve significantly higher positive coefficients compared with firms that only take on local accounting strategies.

This second volume in the series covers such topics as information systems practice and theory, information systems and the accounting/auditing environment, and differing perspectives on information systems research.

This primer succinctly summarises key theoretical concepts in fiscal choice for both practitioners and scholars. The author contends that fiscal choice is ultimately a choice of both politics and economics. The book first introduces budget institutions and processes at various levels of government, which restrict budget decision makers' discretion. It also explains budget decision makers' efforts to make rational resource allocations. It then shows how and why such efforts are stymied by the decision makers' capacity and institutional settings. The book's unique benefit is its emphasis on all the essential topics, with short, module-type chapters which can be read in any order.

This volume deals with the evolution of accounting from earliest times, and gives particular attention to corporate accounting developments since the Industrial Revolution. The author identifies the various sources of accounting practices employed by British companies, to demonstrate the main changes which have taken place, when they occurred and why. The author emphasises the need to understand the legal, social and economic context in which accountancy changes take place, and also studies the conflicts which arise between suppliers and users of accounting statements. The study concludes with an examination of the duties performed by the professional accountant, the extent to which these have changed in the course of time and how his position in society is reinforced by the activities of professional institutions.

Much has been written about the economic and political problems of countries that are in the process of changing from centrally planned systems to market systems. Most studies have focused on the economic, legal, political, and sociological problems these economies have had to face during the transition period. However, not much has been written about the dramatic changes that have to be made to the accounting and financial system of a transition economy. Accounting and Financial System Reform in a Transition Economy: A Case Study of Russia was written to help fill that gap.

The 36th annual edition of the leading guide to taxation in Britain. It contains full coverage of taxes, recent changes, including the Finance Act 2007 and the main implications of taxes. A bestseller with students, professionals and private individuals, to how the tax system works and how to minimize tax liabilities.

Now in its third edition, Cost-Benefit Analysis has been updated, offering readers the perfect introduction to project, programme and policy appraisal using basic tools of financial and economic analysis. The key economic questions of any social cost-benefit analysis are: do the benefits of the project or policy exceed the costs, no matter how widely costs and benefits are spread, and irrespective of whether or not project impacts, such as environmental effects, are reflected in market prices? And which group or groups of individuals receive the benefits and which bear the costs? This book addresses these questions with an emphasis on putting the theory presented in the book into practice. This third edition has several attractive features: Readers are encouraged to develop their own skills by applying the tools and techniques of cost-benefit analysis to case studies and examples, including an analysis of a project which is developed throughout the book. The book emphasizes the use of spreadsheets which are invaluable in providing a framework for the cost-benefit analysis. A dedicated chapter provides guidance for writing up a report which summarises the analysis which has been undertaken. New pedagogical features, including Technical Notes and Examples, have been added as an aid to readers throughout the text. An appendix provides 14 additional case studies which can be developed in class or as assignment projects. Additional material for instructors and students is provided through Support Material maintained by Routledge. This updated edition is an ideal text for a course on cost-benefit analysis where the emphasis is on practical application of principles and equipping students to conduct appraisals. It is also a useful handbook for professionals looking for a logical framework in which to undertake their cost-benefit analysis work.

Due to the mortgage crisis of 2008, laws aimed at achieving budgetary and financial stability were enacted. The concept of financial sustainability has been linked to the need of rendering public services without compromising the ability to do so in the future. Financial Sustainability and Intergenerational Equity in Local Governments is a critical scholarly resource that analyzes the financial sustainability of local governments with the aim of ensuring equality and intergenerational equity. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as intergenerational equity, public policies, and sustainability management, this book is geared towards government officials, managers, academicians, practitioners, students, and researchers seeking current research on identifying public policies to ensure financial balance.

This book, first published in 1978, provides an analysis of British monetary policy and considers what techniques of monetary control were most appropriate to the context of the U.K. during the 1970s and 1980s. David Gowland answers crucial questions surrounding economic management in the period between 1971 and 1976, in particular whether rapid monetary expansion was the cause of the acceleration of U.K. inflation. With an analysis of the government's experimentation with policy at its core, this is a unique study which will be of interest to students of monetary policy and recent British economic history.

Intended as a successor to Monetary Policy and Credit Control (Croom Helm, 1978; Routledge Revivals, 2013), this book, first published in 1982 with a revised edition in 1984, traces the changes in approach to monetary control in the U.K. throughout the 1970s, and the consequences for policy and the British economy. The book considers the widely-publicised proposals for 'reserve base' or 'monetary base' control of the financial system, including a critique of the 1980 Bank of England Green Paper. David Gowland concludes with an analysis of the 1979 Conservative Government's monetary policy. This is a very interesting title, of great relevance to students and academics researching recent British economic history and varying governmental approaches to monetary policy.