This text provides a comprehensive overview of the issues, research and debates relating to children and the experience of childhood in late 20th-century Britain. It addresses such key issues as child poverty, juvenile crime, child protection and childrens' rights and their implications for the development of policy and the provision of services for children. A key feature of the book is its examination of the changing nature of childhood, both in terms of adult and child expectations and perceptions. In addition, the book provides a synthesis of recent empirical research, theory and policy and presents first-hand accounts from children and parents.

The Peper Harow residential community was founded in 1970 and gained international repute for its pioneering work with disturbed adolescents. For over 20 years, this remarkable establishment provided a therapeutic environment for teenagers who had often suffered appalling abuse, and yet for whom the state's only remedial provision until then had been in the punitive form of the approved schools. In Transforming Hate to Love Melvyn Rose, the community's founder, assesses Peper Harow's success in managing disturbed behaviour, and offers views on areas where the establishment could have responded more effectively to the needs of its residents. His study is complemented by the testimony of ex-residents helped by Peper Harow to overcome their fears and abandon their disruptive behaviour. The overwhelmingly positive outcome indicates the need for a review of current social policy towards deviant youth and shows how society as a whole would benefit from a psychodynamic view of the causes of criminality and mental ill-health among the young.

This book represents a method by which students are assisted to make wise decisions about the use of alcohol and other drugs. Situations which are essential to effective daily living are employed to reach effective decisions. The role of parents in assisting the children toward a better understanding of the nature of drug use is also explored. Specifically, the use of alcohol and other drugs in the workplace places the drug situation directly in the light of the job market. The current problem of HIV and drugs is also discussed, along with drugs and pregnancy.

This book offers clinicians a long-awaited comprehensive paradigm for assessing object relations functioning in disturbed younger and older adolescents. It gives a clear sense of how object relations functioning is manifest in different disorders, and illuminates how scores on object relations measures are converted into a therapeutically relevant diagnostic matrix and formulation.
Outlining the process of object relations assessment, Kelly presents vividly detailed cases of a range of disorders including anorexia nervosa, borderline states, depressive disorders, and trauma. The cases portray the vicissitudes of object relations functioning and disruption that result in a unique structural developmental composite for a given adolescent.
A major concern is demonstrating the utility and validity of two object representation measures--The Mutuality of Autonomy Scale (MOA) and The Social Cognition Object Relations Scale (SCORS)--that are the main ones employed in the assessment of adolescents. MOA and SCORS scores facilitate a multidimensional understanding of the nuances of an adolescent's object relations functioning, and provide clinicians with organized, theory-based data leading to clear, specific treatment directions and guidelines and appropriate therapeutic programming. The book addresses the following questions:
* Is individual psychotherapy indicated--will this adolescent benefit from an insight-oriented approach?
* What are the likely directions that transference parameters will take in the treatment?
* What types of countertransference reactions are likely to be anticipated in a given patient?
* Is medication likely to be helpful in making this adolescent more accessible for treatment?
Focusing only on adolescents, covering both the TAT and the Rorschach, and utilizing object relations theory as its major interpretive foundation, the book offers practitioners an alternative to general references based on a more actuarial, nomothetic, and atheoretical interpretive approach. It reflects one school of contemporary thought in projective assessment--one that advocates a more phenomenological, theory-based approach to test application and interpretation.

Debate ranges over the effects of the growing utilization by the young of interactive screen-based technologies and the effects of these on vulnerable young chldren. This text is based on two years' research on 100 children, with entertainment screen technology in their homes, following them from home to school and examining the difference in culture in the two environments. The question is asked whether children are developing the necessary IT and other skills required from the maturing learner as we approach the 21st century. Issues such as gender, parenting, violence, censorship and the educational consequences of their screen-based experiences are at the forefront of the text's coverage.

Why do some young adults substantially change their patterns of smoking, drinking, or illicit drug use after graduating from high school? In this book, the authors show that leaving high school and leaving home create new freedoms that are linked to increases in the use of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine. They also show that marriage, pregnancy, and parenthood create new responsibilities that are linked to decreases in drug use.
The research is based on more than 33,000 young people followed from high school through young adulthood by the nationwide Monitoring the Future project. Every two years, participants reported on their drug use, as well as their schooling, employment, military service, living arrangements, marriages, pregnancies, parenthood, and even their divorces.
The unique qualities of this research--large nationally representative samples, follow-ups extending up to 14 years beyond high school, and multiple approaches to analysis and data presentation--allowed the examination of several important influences simultaneously, while retaining much of the rich detail encountered in the real world. On the whole, the results are encouraging, suggesting that the potentials for change and improvement during the transition to adulthood are as important as the detrimental effects of problem behavior in adolescence. This research is a "must" read for anyone concerned with how new freedoms and responsibilities impact adolescents, young adults, and the use of licit and illicit drugs.

First Published in 1996. Research on childhood is a growing area of interest in social policy. Covering both familial and institutional settings, this book explores relevant issues, including the female workforce and changing family forms.

First Published in 1996. Research on childhood is a growing area of interest in social policy. Covering both familial and institutional settings, this book explores relevant issues, including the female workforce and changing family forms.

Martin considers the effect of puberty and teenage sexuality on adolescents. She compares boys' and girls' different experiences of adolescence in order to explain girls' greater drop in self-esteem.

What part has religion played in the history of child-rearing? How do we persuade children to behave rationally and how should we exercise adult authority? What use do we make of their innocence and how do we cope with their sexuality? Has history left us with ideas about the child which make no sense in the prevailing conditions of the late twentieth century? In Shaping Childhood these questions are explored through themes from the history of childhood. Puritan parents sought salvation for their children through intense discipline and intense love, a powerful combination which left behind a much misunderstood and much distorted legacy. Locke thought that treating children as if they were rational was the best approach to child-rearing, but Rousseau was sceptical of adult manipulation and Romanticism could be subversive of both religion and reason as sources of discipline in child-rearing. The Victorians inherited many of the contradictions these approaches gave rise to, and they added a complication of their own through an aesthetic response to childhood's beauty. Currently, with instability in household formation and with the child exposed to ever more sophisticated means of communication, parents, teachers and others struggle to make sense of this ambiguous historical legacy. Shaping Childhood does not focus on the growth of state policies relating to children nor on current debates in child care but examines the ways in which the broader cultural forces such as religion, literature and mass consumption influence contemporary parenting. It will be invaluable reading for students of cultural studies and sociology, and lecturers and practitioners in social work and education.

However smart they are, from a social perspective children do not really count until maturity. Then all of a sudden society expects responsibility, independence and in particular, commitment. This viewpoint, shared by so many children and young people today, is the basis of much disaffection among youth. This miscalculation, and how to combat it, is the major theme of this book. The social qualities expected of young people do not come to them automatically. Children need to be guided through social experiences to develop responsibility and commitment. The most effective way to inculcate these qualities is to involve children through their active participation in their education and welfare. The book reviews the theoretical framework for participation by children and young people, and discusses fields of practice where participation is of great importance - including local youth policy, education and professional youth care. Micha de Winter is a professor of child care and in this book he draws on his many years of experience to produce a work which is authoritative, inspiring and convincing. Children as Fellow Citizens is essential reading for those involved in youth and social policy, educators and social scientists, as well as social service and health care professionals.

The topic of adolescent development in Europe is one which has received little academic attention in recent years. Developmental Tasks in Adolescence makes an exciting contribution to the field by applying socialisation theory to four major developmental tasks of life: Qualifying, Bonding, Consumption and Participation, arguing that if the tasks in these areas are mastered, then personal individuation and social integration can take place, a prerequisite for the formation of self-identity. In highly developed societies, adolescence encompasses a period of about 15 years on average. Puberty, or the transition from childhood, starts earlier and earlier, and the transition to adulthood is increasingly postponed. Developmental Tasks in Adolescence proposes that the way in which adolescents master the tasks of everyday life has become a pattern of orientation for the life stages which follow because of the new lifestyle requirements that are typical for modern democratic societies. Today, a life full of uncertainties and ambiguities is no longer limited to adolescence, but rather continues into adulthood. Hurrelmann and Quenzel's sociological approach is valuable reading for students and academics in psychology, sociology, education, social work and youth studies, and for those on professional training courses in these fields.

This book provides a framework for the discussion of spirit and spirituality in the lives of children. It is written for those who are working and living both within and outside of religious traditions, and is written in a common language.

What has been the impact of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases on the lives of young people? Youth, AIDS and Sexual Health provides a comprehensive overview of research and policy in this increasingly important area.
The book describes the world-wide incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents and examines how their sexual behaviour has changed as a result of the threat of AIDS. It also looks at young people's knowledge and attitudes about their own sexual health, as well as the usefulness of models of predicting those at risk. The authors also dicuss the effectiveness of institutional policies in educating young people and in preventing sexually transmitted diseases.
Drawing from the author's insights from their research programmes, Youth, AIDS and Sexual Health will be of considerable benefit to health care providers, sex educators and all those who work with and study adolescents.

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Maintaining that spiritual development is an integral element in child development, Barbara Kimes Myers provides a framework for the discussion of spirit and spirituality in the lives of children. Through her discussion of the four core conditions of a spirituality of caring, she crosses the borders of various faiths and applies her theories to a variety of practical and professional settings.
Through Myers' discussion of the four core conditions of a spirituality of caring, she crosses the borders of various faiths and applies her theories to a variety of practical and professional settings, providing a common language that can be used to talk about the centrality of spirit--that which fuels development and learning. She discusses transcendence, family life, cognition, church and state, fundamentalism and multiculturalism. Her framework emerges from her understanding of the thinking of key child developmental theorists--Vygtosky, Piaget, Erikson, Gardner, Giroux and Noddings.

How important is the family for children? How do children cope when parents have to juggle child care, employment and other responsibilities? In this volume these questions, and others, are raised and reflected upon, by children themselves, providing insights for parents and professionals.

First Published in 1996. The first generation of British teenagers- young people eager to spend a significant proportion of their wages on consumer goods and services such as cosmetics, clothes, magazines, records, motorcycles, cinemas and dance halls- is generally regarded as that of the 1950s and 1960s. The same group, sociologists and economic and social historians have claimed, was the first to enjoy the autonomy in the labour market and to experience low unemployment. This study argues convincingly that in fact a teenage culture in modern sense already existed in the period between the two world wars. The book is grounded in extensive original research; on hitherto unexploited sources such as the records of the interwar Juvenile Employment Bureaux; on the records of youth movements ranging from the Boy Scouts to inner-city lads' and girls' clubs; on magazines aimed at youth, from millgirl magazines to specialist film, music and hobbies publications; and on contemporary social surveys, newspapers and oral history.

That childhood is a social construction is understood both by social scientists and in society generally. The authors of this book examine the political issues surrounding childhood, including law making, social policy, government provisions and political activism.; This text examines current social and political issues involving childhood. It looks at the impact of the "New Right" who talk of family values, parent power in schools, irresponsible provision of contraception to young girls and the increase in child violence as a result of mass media. It also considers the response of the caring professions and the "Modern Left" who campaign, amongst other things, for the establishment of children's rights.

That childhood is a social construction is understood both by social scientists and in society generally. The authors of this book examine the political issues surrounding childhood, including law making, social policy, government provisions and political activism.; This text examines current social and political issues involving childhood. It looks at the impact of the "New Right" who talk of family values, parent power in schools, irresponsible provision of contraception to young girls and the increase in child violence as a result of mass media. It also considers the response of the caring professions and the "Modern Left" who campaign, amongst other things, for the establishment of children's rights.

Written by a pediatrician/adolescent medicine specialist and a developmental psychologist, this book is a collection of informative, nonredundant yet comprehensive studies on adolescent pregnancy and parenting. More than 200 adolescent women in an ethnically diverse sample were studied prenatally and at regular 6-month intervals for 31/2 years postpartum. Most of the teens were poor, unmarried, first-time mothers who resided within Southeast San Diego, a poor urban area approximately 10 miles north of the U.S.-Mexico border.
The purpose of this book was to offer researchers, practitioners, program directors, teachers, and graduate and medical students a better understanding of teenage pregnancy and parenthood within the following domains:
* adolescent prenatal care and postpartum maternal and infant health outcomes,
* immediate repeat pregnancy,
* adolescent mothers' parenting,
* the role of the adolescent's mother in teenage mothers' parenting, and
* the baby's father.

How important is the family for children? How do children cope when parents have to juggle child care, employment and other responsibilities? In this volume these questions, and others, are raised and reflected upon, by children themselves, providing insights for parents and professionals.

The adolescent period has attracted much attention as an ideal period for investigating interactive models incorporating biological maturation with intra- and interpersonal development. The focus of this volume is on adolescent transitions in three domains: the peer system, the family system, and school and work contexts. Its goal is to highlight specific aspects of innovative research programs and initiatives, and look forward to future directions in the field. Because interest in adolescence has spanned the disciplines, this volume reflects a multidisciplinary perspective--presenting research and methods from life-span development, sociology, anthropology, and education to provide exemplars of the range of approaches used in understanding the processes and transitions of adolescent development. These exemplars encompass the breadth not only of the investigation of adolescence--from survey research on drug use to ethnographic studies of involvement in criminal activities--but also of individual differences in the experience of adolescent transitions--from the transition to college and work in White, middle-class youth to the work experiences of urban, African-American high school students.
The chapters collected here offer a rich sample of the diversity of research experience with an emphasis on in-depth investigation of adolescent transitions. The volume will serve as a resource to investigators across several disciplines as it identifies approaches and recent findings from alternate fields.

Examines how youth is being increasingly subjected to racial stereotyping and violence in various realms of popular culture, especially childrens' culture.

Are representations of violence in youth culture racially coded? Does 'urban youth' mean 'black criminals'? What are the social and political implications of stylized, cinematic violence? Fugitive Cultures examines the racist and sexist assault on today's youth which is being played out in the realms of popular and children's culture. Carefully interrogating the aesthetic of violence in a number of public arenas - talk radio, Disney animation, and in such films as Pulp Fiction, Kids, Slackers and Juice - Giroux challenges cultural workers and other progressives to help reverse the attack on those who are most powerless in American society.

Focusing on change and reform in secondary and elementary schools, this book explores the possibilities for better schooling for early adolescents.