Continuity and Discontinuity in Learning Careers: Potentials for a Learning Space in a Changing World focuses on the new challenges and threats posed to adult education as a potential way out of the economic crisis and social change. It explores the role of adult education in relation to the continuity and discontinuity of the learning careers and identities of adults in a range of adult education learning contexts in Europe and beyond. The focus is on non-traditional students and issues of inequality such as class, gender, ethnicity, age, disability and how inequalities may enable or constrain their learning careers and identities.

Technological Applications in Adult and Vocational Education Advancement aims to advance the understanding, practice, and research within career and technical education. This book provides a global view on the education technologies for adult learning from leading scholars, theorists, and practitioners by sharing insight on innovative pedagogies and inspirational thoughts on the fields of adult education, technology, and care and technical education.

The face of education is constantly being transformed due to rapid changes in technology. It is imperative that leadership trends and techniques be evaluated in the educational field, particularly in reference to alternative learning programs. The Handbook of Research on Administrative Leadership in Open and Distance Learning Programs is a pivotal scholarly resource that discusses emerging issues surrounding the administration of non-traditional education practices. Highlighting relevant topics that include policy development, quality assurance, accreditation, and assessment systems, this publication is an ideal reference source for educators, academicians, graduate students, and researchers that are interested in the progression of open and distance education.

This joint World Bank-ILO study traces the experience of 19 countries in reforming their vocational education and training policies and summarizes the lessons learned, focusing on obstacles to implementing changes in response to changing labor markets and innovative approaches to overcoming these constraints. The four main messages emerging from the study are: that matching instrument to target group is vital; the role of governments as facilitators has often been overlooked; the assumed reluctance of private providers to enter the field is a myth; and lack of political will, not institutional capacity, is the main obstacle to comprehensive reform.

This book explores the reasons why adult ESL learners drop out of their language classes and suggests explicit strategies for keeping students engaged. The most effective strategies may be personal rather than technical or curricular. Based on a study of a group of Mexican immigrants to the US, the author proposes that superacion or 'self-actualization' is crucial to understanding the relative success of adult ESL learners. Learners' decisions to drop out were not hasty or superficial but were based on a commonsense assessment concerning how the class might improve the quality of their lives. Those involved in delivering ESL to adult learners should stress the tangible, practical advantages that accrue with learning English, and at the same time strive to make instruction relevant.

Over the last two decades, the use of instructional coaching has surged in PreK-12 education settings as one way to support the implementation of instructional best practices in a wide range of disciplines. Perhaps this is partly due to professional development (PD) research indicating that more sustained durations of meaningful collaboration focused on context-relevant topics is necessary. The authors have experienced this surge firsthand as practitioners, state leaders, preservice teacher-educators, education researchers, and PD providers. It is clear that coaching - when done well - supports educators in their use of best practices. However, not all educators have access to high-quality instructional coaching due to multiple factors, which typically include isolation (geographic and otherwise), limited financial support, and limited PD time. In addition, the Covid 19 global pandemic brought long periods of quarantine and social isolation where educators were scrambling to teach in an unfamiliar medium and virtual coaching was the only way they could receive PD. For these reasons, many districts are exploring virtual solutions to providing PD and coaching support. This book will clearly connect research and best practices for coaching virtually through VECTOR (c), and offer specific guidance (e.g., coaching questions, coach-coachee activities) and relatable anecdotes to support working with educators in each phase. Practitioner examples will engage readers as they contextualize examples, develop a deeper understanding, and generate a vision for virtual coaching and how to do it effectively. The proposed text stands apart from other texts about coaching and coaching models in that it specifically addresses how to effectively implement virtual coaching in the field of education. It will show that virtual coaching offers a way for administrators to implement personalized and job-embedded professional development for teachers, and do so affordably in a manageable way. It also shows how technology can provide more equitable access to job-embedded and personalized professional learning (through virtual coaching) across all educational institutions. The primary audiences for this book include those responsible for supporting implementation of a variety of strategies and practices in the field of education. These audiences include professional development providers, building and district-level education leaders, on-site instructional coaches, virtual coaches, educational service center leaders and providers, and even educational researchers responsible for implementing interventions across a broad geographical region. Secondary audiences may include corporate trainers, and those who coach virtually in other fields of leadership and wellness. This book aims to translate research to practice in an approachable, easy-to-read format that virtual coaches can easily understand and apply to their own work with virtual coaching participants.

Recently, there has been an increased understanding that learning occurs outside of the traditional classroom setting, particularly for adult lifelong learners. This perspective has enhanced an attentive design in the underlying technological architecture that is required for the integration of formal and informal learning environments. Synergic Integration of Formal and Informal E-Learning Environments for Adult Lifelong Learners presents a collection of issues and research from adult education professionals who define, develop, implement, and evaluate the integration of formal and informal eLearning environments for adult lifelong learners. Academics, teachers, administrators, and learning technologists will benefit from this publication s unique approach to discussing and analyzing the challenges of introducing and implementing learning technologies for adult lifelong learners."

Readings for Reflective Teaching in Further, Adult and Vocational Education is a unique portable library of exceptional readings drawing together seminal extracts and contemporary literature from international sources from books and journals to support both initial study and extended career-long professionalism for further, adult and vocational education practitioners. Introductions to each reading highlight the key issues explored and explain the status of classic works. This book, along with the core text and associated website, draw upon the work of Andrew Pollard, former Director of the TLRP, and the work of many years of accumulated understanding of generations of further, adult and vocational professionals. Readings for Reflective Teaching in Further, Adult and Vocational Education, the core text, Reflective Teaching in Further, Adult and Vocational Education, and the website, provide a fully integrated set of resources promoting the expertise of further, adult and vocational professionals. The associated website, www.reflectiveteaching.co.uk offers supplementary resources including reflective activities, research briefings and advice on further readings. It also features a glossary of educational terms, links to useful websites and showcases examples of excellent research and practice. This book forms part of the Reflective Teaching series, edited by Andrew Pollard and Amy Pollard, offering support for reflective practice in early, primary, secondary, further, vocational, university and adult sectors of education.

The book provides a systemic view of the state-of-the- art of Digital Game Based Learning (DGBL) across the lifespan, from age-specific game design requirements to technological devices that could overcome child and older adult difficulties in the use of DGBL technologies. Other topics include cross-generational digital game-based learning, workplace gaming, exergaming, serious games to tackle societal challenges,and implications of DGBL across the lifespan for game designers. In addition to the state-of-the-art methodologies provided for age-specific gamedesign, development, implementation and assessment, a significant portion of the book focuses on case studies where DGBL have been designed and implemented in every age groups and in cross-generational situations.

Eight of the thirteen chapters describe investigations of adults' literacy skills based on analyses of the National Adult Literacy Survey. The studies describe how work contributes to literacy, associations between literacy skills and reading practices, reciprocal effects of education and literacy, gender differences in literacy abilities, the relationship between literacy and voting behavior, the literacy skills of adults having one or more learning disabilities, and the construct validity of the NALS. One chapter summarizes the major findings of the NALS and another discusses federal educational policies that shaped the NALS. Two additional chapters describe research programs pertaining to dimensions of literacy that are significant to a more comprehensive understanding of literacy in the United States: family literacy education and health care. The National Adult Literacy Survey has provided literacy researchers and practitioners with a wealth of knowledge about American adults' literacy proficiencies. Literacy for the 21st Century was developed with the idea that the NALS contains useful information to inform public educational policy, suggest new directions for literacy research, and assist in adult literacy education program development. The ideas presented in this book should enable policymakers, social leaders, and educators to more fully consider national assessment data, thereby prompting actions necessary to enable all citizens to achieve greater opportunities in their work and lives.

It is unfortunate but true that many misconceptions exist regarding teaching English to non-English speakers. Just as one who can read is not by that criterion alone capable of teaching reading, knowing a particular language does not ensure that one can effectively teach it. It is an error to assume that "common sense" can guide one in this regard. True "common sense" is simply not as common as many may believe. What may appear a sensible thing to do in teaching ESOL, may in fact (as one who reads the book will see) prove counter-productive and in turn detrimental to the learning process. This book focuses on subject matter which includes the question of what language actually is (it's components, skills and traits), the history of the English language, past and current ESOL teaching techniques and culture as a factor in language learning. The book is designed to be of value to ESOL teachers and administrators, students preparing to teach ESOL, volunteers in need of learning more about the field and individuals who may simply be interested in the history of the English language and/or ESOL methodology. The book's information is expected to increase the knowledge of readers as well as to help some strengthen and others develop a solid foundation upon which to rely in whatever approach they choose to teach ESOL.

There is an increasing proliferation of service-learning courses in colleges and universities in the U.S. and internationally, and research in the field has seen significant growth in diverse geographic areas in the past decade. Membership organizations now exist to convene scholars and practitioners across the globe. Chapters in this volume are based on presentations given at the 2010 annual conference of the International Association for Research on Service Learning and Community Engagement held in Indianapolis, IN. The conference theme "International Perspectives: Crossing Boundaries through Research" was chosen to highlight ways in which research crosses all kinds of boundaries: disciplinary boundaries, cultural boundaries, and national boundaries. Although service-learning is valued as an active learning strategy across the globe, little is known about the ways that service-learning is similar or different in varied contexts. Understanding service-learning and community engagement from cross-cultural and crossdisciplinary perspectives will improve both research and practice. Together, these chapters represent the diversity, complexity, and creativity evident by scholars and practitioners in this field of study.

This unique book describes literacy programs that take place in contemporary workplaces and explores their consequences for the employees (especially the managers), the organizations, and society as a whole. Employing a critical sociological perspective, Boyle argues that literacy education in the workplace has as much to do with organizational legitimacy and managerial ideology as with illiterate workers. Her analysis reveals that such programs can be understood as having a range of consequences: Not only do they increase skills, these programs improve work attitudes and show employer beneficence. They also assimilate immigrants, assure retention and stability at the lowest organizational level, legitimize competitive strategy based on investment in human resources, privatize a neglected public good, and allow middle managers to maintain their position in the hierarchy, among other things. As a result, she suggests that employer-sponsored literacy programs have the effect of perpetuating the inequities experienced by those at the bottom of the organizational chart, despite the rhetoric of egalitarianism and opportunity that typically accompanies educational endeavors.

Through the example of workplace literacy programs, Boyle debunks the commonplace assumption that education is an unmitigated good and addresses fears of corporate co-optation. The phenomenon of employer-sponsored education is revealed to be complex and contradictory, with consequences that extend beyond the classroom walls. Economic inequities are exacerbated by such programs, and the social problems associated with illiteracy are not alleviated. By exploring the boundary-blurring that occurs when market organizations become involved with non market ideas and practices, when public and private sector responsibilities shift, and when the workplace becomes the new schoolhouse, Boyle illuminates the complexities involved at organizational, individual, and societal levels.

Distance Learning journal is a premiere outlet for articles featuring practical applications of distance education in states, institutions, and countries. Distance Education: Statewide, Institutional, and International Applications of Distance Education, Second Edition is a collection of readings from Distance Learning journal written by practitioners for practitioners.

In this book, authors showcase the worldwide spread of Workers' Faculties as an example of both cooperation between socialist countries in education, and globalization processes in the field of education. Based on extensive research carried out in Cuban, German, Mozambican, and Vietnamese archives as well as expert interviews, it combines detailed case studies of educational transfers and policy implementation with a discussion of theoretical approaches to the study of globalization in and of education. Research on Workers' Faculties provides an especially interesting example for the study of educational transfer between socialist countries as well as for the interplay of such transfers with processes of globalisation for two reasons. On one hand, the first Workers' Faculties were established already shortly after the October Revolution in Russia, and Workers' Faculties continue to exist in Cuba until today. A study of these institutions therefore provides a dynamic perspective covering the whole period of the existence of the socialist camp. On the other hand, the spread of the Workers' Faculty idea to four continents allows for an analysis that takes into account widely differing local contexts. This book offers an analysis of general trends and particularities in the history of the global spread of the Workers' Faculty idea and its implementation in local contexts. Finally, it discusses the results with a view towards theories of globalization in the field of education as well as of specificities of processes of "socialist globalization".

The social dimension of higher education emphasises the need to create more flexible learning and participation pathways within higher education for all students. In recent years, several projects have been developed and research groups created that have allowed considerable progress in the promotion and monitoring of more inclusive policies in this field. However, designing and implementing programmes providing attention to vulnerable groups remains a challenge for universities. Including the most significant contributions of the European project ACCESS4ALL, the book presents conceptual aspects related to the inclusive university, such as the quality and transitions linked to the treatment of diversity, good inclusion practices in six European countries, and a set of tools to identify dysfunctions and promote inclusion in higher education. Contributors are: Kati Clements, Fabio Dovigo, Joaquin Gairin, Romita Iucu, Miguel Jeronimo, Lisa Lucas, Tiina Ma kela , Elena Marin, Saana Mehta la , Fernanda Paula Pinheiro, David Rodriguez-Gomez, Cecilia Ines Suarez, Mihaela Stingu and Sue Timmis.

Educators and those who prepare teachers are facing increased scrutiny on their practice that include pressures to demonstrate their effectiveness, meet the needs of changing demographics and students, and adapt to ever-changing learning environments. Thus, there is a need for innovative pedagogies and adoption of best practices to effectively serve the needs of digital learners. The Handbook of Research on Innovative Pedagogies and Best Practices in Teacher Education is an essential research book that takes an in-depth look at the methods by which educators are prepared to address shifting demographics and technologies in the classroom and provides strategies for focusing their curricula on diverse learning types. It takes a look at the use of innovative pedagogies and effective learning spaces in teacher education programs and the decisions behind them to enhance more inquiry learning, STEM initiatives, and prove more kinds of exploratory learning for students. Covering topics such as higher education, virtual reality, and inclusive education, this book is ideally designed for teachers, administrators, academicians, instructors, and researchers.

All students enter our math classrooms with ideas worthy of discussion. Some of the most effective breakthroughs come from short, intentional talks between students and teacher, yet planning for these moments can seem daunting. In her innovative book, Conferring in the Math Classroom, Gina Picha focuses on simple and transformative ways teachers can use math conferences, short conversations between teachers and small groups of students at work, to guide instruction, assess understanding, and build strong math thinkers. Inside you'll learn how to: Facilitate math conferences to listen to students, encourage them to share their math thinking, and build on their strengths Ask exploratory questions to gain insight into their math reasoning and plan the next steps for instruction Provide differentiated instruction based on the individual and group needs Picha includes teacher questioning guides, If-Then charts organized by grade level and math topic, and note-taking templates to help you get started with math conferring right away. This practical and accessible approach can help students deepen their math understanding, build confidence in their math abilities, and connect learnings between math subjects.

Emerging technologies have enhanced the learning capabilities and opportunities in modern school systems. To continue the effective development of such innovations, the intended users must be taken into account. End-User Considerations in Educational Technology Design is a pivotal reference source for the latest scholarly material on usability testing techniques and user-centered design methodologies in the development of technological tools for learning environments. Highlighting a range of pertinent topics such as multimedia learning, human-computer interaction, and online learning, this book is ideally designed for academics, researchers, school administrators, professionals, and practitioners interested in the design of optimized educational technologies.

In the current economic climate and global workplace, adult learning routinely comes to the forefront as individuals, companies, and industries strive to adapt at the pace of change. Vocational Education Technologies and Advances in Adult Learning: New Concepts provides a global look at educational technologies for adult learners with content drawing from theory, research, practice, individual experience, and insight by leading scholars, theorists, and practitioners worldwide. This volume provides educators, researchers, practitioners, and graduate students with insight into all areas affecting teaching, learning, research, and practice, sharing innovative pedagogies and inspirational insights into career and technical education (CTE), adult education, and technology.

Scottish Gaelic in Twelve Weeks has been written both as a self-tuition course for beginners and also for use within the classroom. You may want to learn Gaelic because of a general interest in Celtic or Scottish history and culture, or because it was the everyday language of your ancestors. The cynical observer may wonder if the exercise is worthwhile, when only 1.5 per cent of Scotland's population speak the language. However, Gaelic is far from dead; in some parts of the Highlands and Western Isles it is the everyday language and it represents an important part of the United Kingdom's cultural mix. There are Gaelic-learning classes in almost every area of Scotland. Each lesson in the book contains some essential points of grammar explained and illustrated, exercises, a list of new vocabulary (with a guide to pronunciation, using the International Phonetics Alphabet), and an item of conversation. This new edition includes an audio download link.

Our technologically advanced society has generated many rapid changes in higher education in recent years. These changes have been recently exacerbated by the global pandemic COVID-19. Educational institutions around the world have adapted to offering their programs by distance, usually via online computer platforms. While many levels of credentials already existed successfully online, the elite and difficult doctoral degree has remained largely traditional, a bricks-and-mortar program, requiring attendance and perhaps a major lifestyle transition for learners. COVID has changed and will continue to change that. This book explores the world of online learning and online doctoral study post-COVID and in the future. From "should I undertake this learning?" to how to choose a supervisor and manage the online research experience, using her years of experience and insight, the author has compiled a practical guide outlining not only how to successfully undertake online doctoral study but also how to wisely transfer that acquired online acumen beyond graduation, into the academic life. Newly-minted PhDs and EdDocs face a steep learning curve when entering the professorial life in the Ivory Tower of higher education. This down-to-earth, plain language, and often humorous text explores the pedagogical advantages of the online experience and their usefulness to the new academic hire. Current doctoral learners, both traditional and online, as those mulling future educational plans, and doctoral completers surveying higher education opportunities will benefit from the insight and advice in this very frank text.