This volume presents papers exploring the archaeological applications of remote sensing techniques, including the study of images made from the air and from space, but also the results of geophysical techniques like magnetometry, Ground Penetrating Radar and Electrical Resistivity Tomography.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 38th Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA) Conference, held April 6th-9th 2010, in Granada, Spain. The theme of the conference was 'Fusion of Cultures', aiming to reflect both the scope of the conference and the spirit of the host city - a celebrated venue for such disciplinary interplay between archaeologists, computer scientists, and mathematicians.

After neo-evolutionism, how does one talk about the pre-modern state? Over the past two decades archaeological research has shifted decisively from check-list identifications of the state as an evolutionary type to studies of how power and authority were constituted in specific polities. Developing Gramsci's concept of hegemony, this book provides an accessible discussion of general principles that serve to help us understand and organise these new directions in archaeological research. Throughout this book, conceptual issues are illustrated by means of case studies drawn from Madagascar, Mesopotamia, the Inca, the Maya and Greece.

How much was archaeology founded on prejudice? "The Archaeology of Race" explores the application of racial theory to interpret the past in Britain during the late Victorian and Edwardian period. It investigates how material culture from ancient Egypt and Greece was used to validate the construction of racial hierarchies. Specifically focusing on Francis Galton's ideas around inheritance and race, it explores how the Egyptologist Flinders Petrie applied these in his work in Egypt and in his political beliefs. It examines the professional networks formed by societies, such as the Anthropological Institute, and their widespread use of eugenic ideas in analysing society."Archaeology of Race" draws on archives and objects from the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology and the Galton collection at UCL. These collections are used to explore anti-Semitism, skull collecting, New Race theory and physiognomy. These collections give insight into the relationship between Galton and Petrie and place their ideas in historical context.

"Nature and Antiquities" examines the relation between the natural sciences, anthropology, and archaeology in the Americas in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Taking the reader across the Americas from the Southern Cone to Canada, across the Andes, the Brazilian Amazon, Mesoamerica, and the United States, the book explores the early history of archaeology from a Pan-American perspective.
The volume breaks new ground by entreating archaeologists to acknowledge the importance of ways of knowing that resulted from the study of nature in the history of archaeology. Some of the contributions to this volume trace the part conventions, practices, and concepts from natural history and the natural sciences played in the history and in the making of the discipline. Others set out to uncover, reassemble, or adjust our vision of collections that research historians of archaeology have disregarded or misrepresented - because their nineteenth-century makers would refuse to comply with today's disciplinary borders and study natural specimens and antiquities in conjunction, under the rubric of the territorial, the curious or the universal. Other contributions trace the socio-political implications of studying nature in conjunction with "indigenous peoples" in the Americas - inquiring into what it meant and entailed to comprehend the inhabitants of the American continent in and through a state of nature.

The idea of putting together this book was inspired by the session Thinking beyond the Tool: Archaeological Computing and the Interpretive Process, which was held at the Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG) conference in Bristol (17-19 December 2010). The session, as well as the regular format of paper presentations, included a round table discussion at the end of the session, to provide a debate forum for the participants, and encourage the development of the dialogue which emerged from the various presentations. This format not only facilitated the discussion on a better theorised approach to computer applications in archaeology, but also allowed delegates with diverse backgrounds to elaborate on common concerns from different perspectives. The overarching theme of the session, which revolved around how the various computational tools affect the ways we practice archaeology and interpret and disseminate aspects of the past, generated a series of stimulating debates. Contents: Introduction: Archaeological Computing: Towards Prosthesis or amputation? (Angeliki Chrysanthi, Patricia Murrieta Flores, Constantinos Papadopoulos); 1) The Value and Application of Creative Media to the Process of Reconstruction and Interpretation (Alice Watterson); 2) A CG Artists Impression: Depicting Virtual Reconstructions Using Non-photoreal-istic Rendering Techniques (Tom Frankland); 3) Little by Little, One Travels Far (Paul Cripps); 4) Conceptual and Practical Issues in the Use of GIS for Archaeological Excavations (Markos Katsianis); 5) Typeless Information Modelling to Avoid Category Bias in Archaeological Descriptions (Cesar Gonzalez-Perez); 6) The Spatial Construct of Social Relations: Human Interaction and Modelling Agency (Mu-Chun Wu and Gary Lock); 7) The Old and the New in Egyptian Archaeology: Towards a Methodology for Interpreting GIS Data Using Textual Evidence (Hannah Pethen); 8) A Roman Puzzle. Trying to Find the Via Belgica with GIS (Philip Verhagen and Karen Jeneson); 9) Deconstructing and Reconstructing The Landscape of Oxyrhynchus Using Textual Sources, Cartography, Remote Sensing and GIS (Jose Ignacio Fiz Fernandez, Eva Subias, Rosa Cuesta); 10) Beyond the Grave: Developing new tools for Medieval Cemetery Analysis at Villamagna, Italy (Andrew Dufton and Corisande Fenwick); 11) Visitor Reception to Location-based Interpretation at Archaeological and Heritage Sites (Elaine Massung); 12) Facebooking the Past: a Critical Social Network Analysis Approach for Archaeology (Tom Brughmans); Commentary: What Lies Beneath: Lifting the Lid on Archaeological Computing (Jeremy Huggett)

In a period when, particularly in the West, the study of archaeological remains is enriched through new methods derived from the natural sciences and when there is general agreement on the need for more investment in the study, restoration and conservation of the tangible cultural heritage, this book presents contributions to these fields from South-Eastern Europe. This region is characterised by a contrast between the rather limited development of the above scientific methods and the particularly rich and diverse material remains of its past societies, as well as by an obvious need to bring closer together traditionally-trained archaeologists with specialists in natural sciences interested in the research and conservation of ancient material remains. The title ‘Bridging Science and Heritage in the Balkans’ intends to show that the volume is part of this effort. The departing point of this volume is the 5th Balkan Symposium of Archaeometry (25–29 September 2016, Sinaia, Romania), where most of the papers published here were presented in preliminary form. The contributors are specialists from South-Eastern Europe as well as from other European countries working there. Some chapters focus on methods (in the research of glass, restoration of stone monuments affected by contemporary graffiti, conservation by irradiation of organic materials such as wood and human and animal body remains); most chapters present case studies (analyses of ceramics, metals, soils, wood anatomy, isotope-based reconstruction of human diet, ancient DNA, radiocarbon dating, technology assisted field survey, as well as restoration of paper and pigments); sometimes several methods are combined. The volume covers nearly all aspects of heritage sciences employed in this part of Europe.

Twenty-five papers presented to the fourth International Meeting of Anthracology held in Brussels at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) between the 8 and 13 September 2008.

he GIS session entitled 'Go your own least cost path - Spatial technology and archaeological interpretation': as presented at the September 2009, European Association of Archaeologists 15th Annual Meeting in Riva del Garda, Italy. Contents: Preface (P. Verhagen, A. G. Posluschny, A. Danielisova); 1) Incorporating GIS Methodological Approaches in Heritage Management Projects (J. H. Altschul et al); 2) GIS and the Evaluation of Natural and Cultural Sites during the Planning Process. The Eskilstuna Project (W. Bondesson et al); 3) Reconstruction of the Early and Middle Neolithic Settlement Systems in the Upper Dvina Region (NW Russia) (A. Mazurkevich, E. Dolbunova); 4) Pollen and Archaeology in GIS. Theoretical Considerations and Modified Approach Testing (A. Danielisova, P. Pokorny); 5) Following Roman Waterways from a Computer Screen. GIS-based Approaches to the Analysis of Barcino's Aqueducts (H. A. Orengo, d C. Miro i Alaix; 6) Sherds on the Map."

Human bone in archaeological context is the product of natural processes and cultural patterns; the deposits can seal several things: the vital aspects of one skeleton, the intentions that led to the burial, and natural and accidental processes. This in turn becomes part of the history of these remains and the way they are arranged, their environmental changes and rituals can all influence the recovery procedure. The synchronic and diachronic bio-cultural environments involve new requirements and present further limitations. Taking the geographical framework of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, the author addresses the methodological issues involved in the recovery of archaeological skeletal remains: cremation and inhumation, primary and secondary burials, individual and collective deposits.

Through her professional capacity as a Curatorial Archaeologist employed by three separate English local authorities over the last 17 years, the author has recognized the necessity for further analysis and improvement of current pre-determination Field Evaluation approaches. This book investigates the effectiveness of Field Evaluation through an assessment of its Decision-making processes.

The European Textile Forum was founded as an annual meeting for academics, craftspeople, re-enactors and enthusiasts to share their experiences and compare notes. With varied day workshops and evening lectures, the 'Textilforum' has something for everyone. The conference takes place over a week, which not only allows time to learn new techniques and discuss new findings, but to also undertake lengthy experiments that require a large number of experienced specialists. Textilforum is the practical proving ground to test archaeological theories in appropriate surroundings. This book is the publication of a series of lectures and experiments that were undertaken at the First and Second European Textile Forum in 2009 and 2010. Each had a new approach, exploring a question of textile manufacture in a scientific way, revealing answers and outcomes that were unavailable before. The First European Textile Forum hosted an experiment that found the relationship between archaeological hand-spinning finds and the yarn they produce: only a meeting such as the Textilforum could generate sufficient data for analysis. This scientific approach reflects in contributions describing the reconstruction of tablet-woven artefacts, with explorations of the method of tablet-weaving and a reassessment of archaeological finds and depictions. The Second European Textile Forum explored the practical aspects of undertaking reconstructions such as Stone Age fabrics, Roman dyeing or the clothing of Gunnister Man, including the deconstruction of the original artefact, allowing for the unexpected and the implication of new findings. Techniques for treating raw materials, creating fabrics and finishing artefacts are explored. The wider purpose and legacy of the European Textile Forum is as a foundation for the coming years. The basis for research and communication, with a market for exchanging tools and materials, means that each participant can avoid individually 're-inventing the wheel'. The purpose of this book is to share these findings.

Papers from a congress that took place at the University of Leuven from the 19th to 21st September, 2005. Contents: Preface (Marc Lodewijckx); 1) On the Precipice in Iceland (Oscar Aldred, Elin Osk Hreidarsdottir); 2) The 'ICCD-Aerofototeca Nazionale' Aerial Photo Collections (M. Filomena Boemi); 3) Heritage Stewardship: a New Tool for Old Heritage (Karl Cordemans); 4) Accessing Ireland's Growing and Diverse Aerial Archaeological Resources (Anthony Corns, Robert Shaw); 5) Methodologies for the Extraction of Archaeological Features from Very High-Resolution Ikonos-2 Remote Sensing Imagery, Hisar (Southwest Turkey) (Veronique De Laet, Etienne Paulissen, Marc Waelkens); 6) Declassified Intelligence Satellite Photographs an the Archaeology of Moscow's Cold War Anti-Ballistic Missile System (Martin J.F. Fowler);"

Multidisciplinary Old and New World research, using high quality paleoenvironmental and archaeological data, looks for correlations between climatic oscillations and socio-cultural adjustments in nomadic hunter-gatherer, horticultural, sedentary agricultural, and early urbanized societies. The outright collapse of cultural systems, sometimes associated with radical climate change, is not readily demonstrated and some contributions attribute culture change primarily to human agency. Others indicate that different cultures in diverse regions and times employ varying adjustment strategies, including economic and technological innovations (i.e., agriculture, wheels, monumental architecture, metallurgy etc.) and exhibit religious and social upheaval, warfare, genocide, or migration in coping with a changing world. Contents: 1) Dangerous Regions: A Source of Cascading Cultural Changes (Joel D. Gunn, William J. Folan, and Joseph M. Herbert); 2) Risky Business: Caddo Farmers Living at the Edge of the Eastern Woodlands (Timothy K. Perttula); 3) Environmental Change, Population Movements, and the Archaeological Record (Dean R. Snow); 4) Climate, Culture, and Change: From Hunters to Herders in Northeastern and Southwestern Africa (Ralf Vogelsang and Birgit Keding); 5) Fits and Starts: Why Did Domesticated Animals Trickle Before They Splashed Into Sub-Saharan Africa? (David K. Wright); 6) Socio-Cultural Responses to a Changing Environment: The Shashe-Limpopo Valley Since ca. AD 900 (Munyaradzi Manyanga); 7) Mesolithic Settlements of the Ukrainian Steppes: Migration as Sociocultural Response to a Changing World (Olena V. Smyntyna); 8) The Early Megaliths of SW Atlantic Europe and the Inference of the Socio-economic Organization of their Builders (8th to 6th millenniums BC) (David Calado et al.); 9) Pre-neolithization: Reconstructing the Environmental Background to Life Way Changes in the Late Mesolithic of the Carpathian Basin (Pal Sumegi); 10) The Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition in the Carpathian Basin: Was there an Ecological Trap During the Neolithic? (Pal Sumegi et al); 11) New Data Concerning the Detection and Nature of Human Impact on the Mohos Lakes, Northeast Hungary (Imola Juhasz); 12) Late Neolithic Man and Environment in the Carpathian Basin: A Preliminary Geoarcheological Report from Cs szhalom at Polgar (Pal Sumegi et al); 13) Freshwater Mussels and Life in the Late Neolithic Tell of Hodmez vasarhely-Gorzsa, southeastern Hungary (Sandor Gulyas and Pal Sumegi); 14) Imprints of the Anthropogenic Influences in a Peat Bog from Transdanubia, Hungary (Imola E. Juhasz); 15) Breaking Unnatural Barriers: Comparative Archaeology, Climate, and Culture Change in Central and Northern Europe (6100-2700 BC) (Maximilian O. Baldia); 16) Cultural Geography in the Context of Climatic and Environmental Change in the Late Neolithic and Eneolithic of the Morava Valley (Matthew T. Boulanger); 17) Taphonomic processes affecting monumental earthen architecture as a proxy for climatic change (Douglas S. Frink); 18) Neolithic Settlement in the Central-European Mountains (Pawel Valde-Nowak); 19) Separating Natural and Anthropogenic Influences on Past Ecosystems: The Testate Amoebae and Quantitative Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction (Edward A.D. Mitchell); 20) Environmental and Cultural Change in the Alps: Seeking Continuity in the Bronze Age Lake-Dwelling Tradition (Francesco Menotti); 21) Chapter 22: Society and Ecology During the Middle Bronze Age of Southern Scandinavia (Lars Larsson)."

The aim of this volume is to present papers applying recent insights from the organization of technology to the interpretation of stone artefact assemblages from a range of archaeological contexts. Specific attention is paid to the techniques by which people acquired and maintained cutting edge technology, and the situational variables which encouraged them to employ those techniques. Contents: 1) Keeping your edge: recent approaches to the organisation of stone artefact technology (Ben Marwick and Alex Mackay); 2) Stone Artefact Technology in Willandra National Park: Reduction, Risk and Mobility (Patrick Faulkner); 3) Technology and technological change in eastern Australia, the example of Capertee 3 (Peter Hiscock and Val Attenbrow); 4) Standardisation and Design: The Tula Adze in Western New South Wales (Trudy Doelman and Simon Holdaway); 5) Scraper Reduction Continuums and Efficient Tool Use: Testing Hiscock and Attenbrow's Model (Kate Connell and Chris Clarkson); 6) The Role of Reworking in New Zealand Adze Technology (Marianne Turner);

This book collects articles from two different workshops organized in 2009 and 2010, one which aimed to analyse the epistemology of cyber-archaeology in relation to state of the art methods, theory, applications and overviews; the other focusing on collaborative environments, collaborative research, virtual models and simulation studies. The workshops drew together archaeologists, computer scientists, historians, cognitive scientists and art historians.

This volume holds a datelist of 882 radiocarbon determinations carried out between 1988 and 1993 on behalf of the Ancient Monuments Laboratory of English Heritage. It contains supporting information about the samples and the sites producing them, a comprehensive bibliography, and two indexes for reference and analysis. An introduction provides discussion of the character and taphonomy of the dated samples and information about the methods used for the analyses reported and their calibration. The datelist has been collated from information provided by the submitters of the samples and the dating laboratories. Many of the sites and projects from which dates have been obtained are published, although, when some of these measurements were produced, high-precision calibration was not possible for much of the radiocarbon timescale. At this time, there was also only a limited range of statistical techniques available for the analysis of radiocarbon dates. Methodological developments since these measurements were made may allow revised archaeological interpretations to be constructed on the basis of these dates, and so the purpose of this volume is to provide easy access to the raw scientific and contextual data which may be used in further research.

Although the treasury of King Croesus held great quantities of gold and silver plate, the Lydians clearly loved fine ceramic wares imported from Greece. This preference was entirely appropriate for the capital of the expansive Lydian Kingdom, which occupied a pivotal position between the city states of the Greeks and the gigantic empire of the Persians. The importation of Greek pottery corresponds to the visits from poets, philosophers, and politicians mentioned by the historian Herodotus.

This collaborative work consists of three generously illustrated sections presenting the ceramic finds excavated at Sardis, but produced in the mainland Greek centers of Corinth, Athens, and Sparta. Judith Snyder Schaeffer analyzes the Corinthian imports, Nancy H. Ramage the Attic, and Crawford H. Greenewalt, Jr., the Lakonian. Their study of this material from the Harvard-Cornell excavations at Sardis offers new evidence of the taste for specific Greek wares and shapes in Anatolia before the time of Alexander the Great.

Papers from Session WS28 'Defining a Methodological Approach to Interpret Structural Evidence', AND papers from Sessions C69, C70 and C71 'Archaeometry', presented at the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006). Contents: 1) Defining a methodological approach to interpret structural evidence: an introduction (Fabio Cavulli); 2) Scant Structural Evidences of Mesolithic Sites in High Alpine Regions (Walter Leitner); 3) U-Shaped Scatters: Struggling between Theoretical Models and Archaeological Facts (Matteo Pilati); 4) Unearthing the hearths. Preliminary results on the Takarkori rockshelter fireplaces (Acacus Mts, Libya) (S. Biagetti, G. Poggi, S. di Lernia); 5) Structures d'habitat nord-africaines: la fouille de la rammadiya cotiere holocene de SHM-1 (Hergla, Tunisie) (S. Mulazzani et al.); 6) Infilling processes of large pit features at Catignano - Neolithic (Italy) (Giovanni Boschian, Marta Colombo);"

The Global History of Paleopathology is the first comprehensive global compendium on the history of paleopathology, an interdisciplinary scientific discipline that focuses on the study of ancient disease. Offering perspectives from regions that have traditionally had long histories of paleopathology, such as the United States and parts of Europe, this volume also presents important work by an international roster of scholars who are writing their own regional and cultural histories in the field. The book identifies major thinkers and figures who have contributed to paleopathology, as well as significant organizations and courses that have sponsored scientific research and communication, most notably the Paleopathology Association. The volume concludes with an eye towards the future of the discipline, discussing methods and research at the leading edge of paleopathology, particularly those that employ the analysis of ancient DNA and isotopes.

The Plague Cemetery of Alghero (Sardinia, Italy, 1582-1583) presents a bioarchaeological analysis of the individuals exhumed from the cemetery of Alghero, which is associated with the plague outbreak that ravaged the city in 1582-1583. This cemetery revealed a particular burial typology, consisting of long and narrow trenches, each containing multiple inhumations, which attests to a catastrophic event, such as an epidemic with high mortality in a short period of time. Given the rarity of human remains from epidemic contexts buried in trenches, the skeletal sample from Alghero represents valuable material. In fact, no other Italian plague cemeteries have been examined through a detailed bioarchaeological analysis, and the study thus serves as a model for future research. The author examines a series of parameters, starting from the demographic profile of the sample -181 individuals from 15 trenches - and taphonomic analysis, and then analysing stature, dental pathologies, stress indicators, degenerative joint disease, entheseal changes and other pathologies. The study is intended to illuminate a cross section of 16th century Sardinian society in a coastal city through a holistic view, which interweaves the documentary evidence for plague, funerary responses and the health status of the population. The main objective is therefore to shed light on a population which lived during a period of plague, revealing lifestyles, activity patterns and illnesses and providing a significant contribution to the bioarchaeology, palaeopathology, and archaeology of the Italian territory.

Taking cues from current theoretical perspectives and capitalizing on the strengths of new and sophisticated methods of analysis, Breathing New Life into the Evidence of Death showcases the vibrancy of bioarchaeological research and its potential for bringing "new life" to the field of mortuary archaeology and the study of human remains. These new trajectories challenge old stereotypes, redefine the way research of human remains should be accomplished, and erase the divide that once separated osteologists from archaeologists. Through case studies ranging from body piercing in prehistoric Chile to Christian burials in early Medieval Ireland, the contributors to this book take a broad and deep look at themes including archaeologies of identity, the contemporary sociopolitical effects of bioarchaeological research, and materiality in the mortuary record.

Upper Paleolithic groups used the open-air site of Solutre (Saone-et-Loire, south-eastern France) as a location to intercept and hunt horse and reindeer herds. While it is clear that killing and butchering these animals were the principal site activities, differences in the compsition of the recovered lithic assemblages from the different cultural components suggest variability in secondary site activities and lithic tool use over time. In this report William Banks tests this interpretation using high-power use-wear methods to evaluate the relative extent of variability in tool use.

This substantial volume, the result of 2008 symposia in Copenhagen and Bologna, explores how field archaeology and site management can be more fully integrating, with considerations of public access and conservation taken having a greater role when archaeological research projects are designed. 51 papers present case studies from a wide range of sites, alongside more theoretical and methodological offerings.

Exekias inscribes his signature on several of his vases, and so he is one of the relatively few archaic painters whose real name is known to us. He is arguably one of the most accomplished and innovative of all black-figure vase-painters working in Athens in the sixth century BC, and also one of the most intriguing. Although his corpus of extant works is rather small, his impact on his contemporaries and immediate successors can be judged to have been disproportionately large. His painting style is not idiosyncratic, and so may be described as distinguished rather than distinctive; it is nevertheless readily identifiable as much for its technical quality as for the creative conceptualization of the scenes. His range of subjects, the exquisite precision of his execution, and above all his technical and conceptual innovation are the hallmarks of his personal style, and there is scarcely a book on Greek vase-painting that does not use one of his vases to illustrate the peak of achievement in the black-figure technique. This extensive work pays homage to this great artist, including the construction of a persuasive chronology of Exekias's extant paintings through a comprehensive process of comparative analysis.