Richard D. Cramer has been doing baseball analytics for just about as long as anyone alive, even before the term "sabermetrics" existed. He started analyzing baseball statistics as a hobby in the mid-1960s, not long after graduating from Harvard and MIT. He was a research scientist for SmithKline and in his spare time used his work computer to test his theories about baseball statistics. One of his earliest discoveries was that clutch hitting-then one of the most sacred pieces of received wisdom in the game-didn't really exist. In When Big Data Was Small Cramer recounts his life and remarkable contributions to baseball knowledge. In 1971 Cramer learned about the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR) and began working with Pete Palmer, whose statistical work is credited with providing the foundation on which SABR is built. Cramer cofounded STATS Inc. and began working with the Houston Astros, Oakland A's, Yankees, and White Sox, with the help of his new Apple II computer. Yet for Cramer baseball was always a side interest, even if a very intense one for most of the last forty years. His main occupation, which involved other "big data" activities, was that of a chemist who pioneered the use of specialized analytics, often known as computer-aided drug discovery, to help guide the development of pharmaceutical drugs. After a decade-long hiatus, Cramer returned to baseball analytics in 2004 and has done important work with Retrosheet since then. When Big Data Was Small is the story of the earliest days of baseball analytics and computer-aided drug discovery.

In 1887, Tip O'Neill, left fielder for the St. Louis Browns, won the American Association batting championship with a .492 average-the highest ever for a single season in the Major Leagues. Yet his record was set during a season when a base on ball counted as a hit and a time at bat. Over the next 130 years, the debate about O'Neill's "correct" average diverted attention from the other batting feats of his record-breaking season, including numerous multi-hit games, streaks and long hits, as well as two cycles and the triple crown. The Browns entered 1887 as the champions of St. Louis, the American Association and the world. Following the lead set by their manager, Charles Comiskey, the Browns did "anything to win," combining skill with an aggressive style of play that included noisy coaching, incessant kicking, trickery and rough play. O'Neill did "everything to win" at the plate, leaving the no-holds-barred tactics to his rowdier teammates.

Comiskey Park's Last World Series analyzes the significance of the 1959 White Sox from a multitude of perspectives. The book presents much more than the White Sox being one of the few teams modern era to win a pennant with speed, pitching, and defense. The team is studied not just as a charter member of the American League but as a cultural institution that held a great deal of significance as this country's last "neighborhood" professional franchise. The team' historical importance to Chicago and the significance of the first South Side World Series in forty years is also covered in detail. There is an analysis of the economic landscape of baseball during the Golden Age throughout the book, looking at the characteristics of media markets and the different ways teams tried to maximize them in that era. Bill Veeck's unique and unusual theories about in-house promotions-everything from free giveaways to his theories about post-game fireworks- is discussed at length. The reader is also afforded an in-depth analysis of a team's ancillary sources of revenue and how critical everything from concessions to stadium rentals were to a team's bottom line during that era. No other book on the 1959 White Sox discusses the bitter legal feud Charles Comiskey and Bill Veeck waged throughout the season with as much detail and insight as this work does. Also, little has been written about why this uniquely talented 1959 White Sox team did not repeat as champions. This book ends with an entire chapter on that subject.

Tony Gwynn is the greatest hitter in the history of baseball. That's the conclusion of this engaging and provocative analysis of baseball's all-time best hitters. Michael Schell challenges the traditional list of all-time hitters, which places Ty Cobb first, Gwynn 16th, and includes just 8 players whose prime came after 1960. Schell argues that the raw batting averages used as the list's basis should be adjusted to take into account that hitters played in different eras, with different rules, and in different ballparks. He makes those adjustments and produces a new list of the best 100 hitters that will spark debate among baseball fans and statisticians everywhere.

Schell combines the two qualifications essential for a book like this. He is a professional statistician--applying his skills to cancer research--and he has an encyclopedic knowledge of baseball. He has wondered how to rank hitters since he was a boy growing up as a passionate Cincinnati Reds fan. Over the years, he has analyzed the most important factors, including the relative difficulty of hitting in different ballparks, the length of hitters' careers, the talent pool that players are drawn from, and changes in the game that raised or lowered major-league batting averages (the introduction of the designated hitter and changes in the height and location of the pitcher's mound, for example). Schell's study finally levels the playing field, giving new credit to hitters who played in adverse conditions and downgrading others who faced fewer obstacles. His final ranking of players differs dramatically from the traditional list. Gwynn, for example, bumps Cobb to 2nd place, Rod Carew rises from 28th to 3rd, Babe Ruth drops from 9th to 16th, and Willie Mays comes from off the list to rank 13th. Schell's list also gives relatively more credit to modern players, containing 39 whose best days were after 1960.

Using a fun, conversational style, the book presents a feast of stories and statistics about players, ballparks, and teams--all arranged so that calculations can be skipped by general readers but consulted by statisticians eager to follow Schell's methods or introduce their students to such basic concepts as mean, histogram, standard deviation, p-value, and regression. "Baseball's All-Time Best Hitters" will shake up how baseball fans view the greatest heroes of America's national pastime.

A. G. Spalding was a key figure in the professionalization and commercialization of American sports. Co-founder of baseball's National League, owner of the Chicago White Stockings (later the Cubs), and founder of a sporting goods business that made him a millionaire, Spalding not only willed baseball to be our national pastime but also contributed to making sport a significant part of American life.

This biography captures the zest, flamboyance, and creativity of Albert Goodwell Spalding, a man of insatiable ego, a showman and entrepreneur, whose life illuminated the hopes and fears of 19th-century Americans. It is a vivid evocation of the vanished world of 19th-century baseball, recreating a time when it was transformed from a game played on unkempt fields to modern style.

The Chicago Cubs, founded in 1869, are a charter member of the National League and the only one of the eight original league clubs still playing in the city in which the franchise started. At various times in the 19th century the players were called White Stockings, Colts and Orphans. They were first referred to as the Cubs in the March 27, 1902, issue of the Chicago Daily News. Using newspaper articles, books and archival records, the author chronicles the team's early planning stages from 1868 to 1902. Reprinted selections from firsthand accounts provide a colorful narrative of baseball in America as well as a documentary history of the Chicago team and its members before they were the Cubs.