The growing presence of social media and computer use has caused significant changes to community engagement. With the ubiquity of these technologies, there is increasing engagement in social and political policies and changes. Online Communities as Agents of Change and Social Movements is a pivotal reference source for the latest research on relevant theoretical and practical frameworks regarding online communities and social media as agents of social and political change. Featuring extensive coverage on relevant areas such as computer use, online engagement, and collective action, this publication is an ideal resource for researchers, academics, practitioners, and students in the fields of social psychology, social network analysis, media studies, information systems, and political science.

Change Detection and Image Time Series Analysis 2 presents supervised machine-learning-based methods for temporal evolution analysis by using image time series associated with Earth observation data. Chapter 1 addresses the fusion of multisensor, multiresolution and multitemporal data. It proposes two supervised solutions that are based on a Markov random field: the first relies on a quad-tree and the second is specifically designed to deal with multimission, multifrequency and multiresolution time series. Chapter 2 provides an overview of pixel based methods for time series classification, from the earliest shallow learning methods to the most recent deep-learning-based approaches. Chapter 3 focuses on very high spatial resolution data time series and on the use of semantic information for modeling spatio-temporal evolution patterns. Chapter 4 centers on the challenges of dense time series analysis, including pre processing aspects and a taxonomy of existing methodologies. Finally, since the evaluation of a learning system can be subject to multiple considerations, Chapters 5 and 6 offer extensive evaluations of the methodologies and learning frameworks used to produce change maps, in the context of multiclass and/or multilabel change classification issues.

As the world has entered the era of big data, there is a need to give a semantic perspective to the data to find unseen patterns, derive meaningful information, and make intelligent decisions. This 2-volume handbook set is a unique, comprehensive, and complete presentation of the current progress and future potential explorations in the field of data science and related topics. Handbook of Data Science with Semantic Technologies provides a roadmap for a new trend and future development of data science with semantic technologies. The first volume serves as an important guide towards applications of data science with semantic technologies for the upcoming generation and thus becomes a unique resource for both academic researchers and industry professionals. The second volume provides a roadmap for the deployment of semantic technologies in the field of data science that enables users to create intelligence through these technologies by exploring the opportunities while eradicating the current and future challenges. The set explores the optimal use of these technologies to provide the maximum benefit to the user under one comprehensive source. This set consisting of two separate volumes can be utilized independently or together as an invaluable resource for students, scholars, researchers, professionals, and practitioners in the field.

As the applications of the Internet of Things continue to progress, so do the security concerns for this technology. The study of threat prevention in the Internet of Things is necessary, as security breaches in this field can ruin industries and lives. Security Breaches and Threat Prevention in the Internet of Things provides a comprehensive examination of the latest strategies and methods for tracking and blocking threats within industries that work heavily with this technology. Featuring chapters on emerging topics such as security threats in autonomous vehicles, digital forensics, secure communications, and image encryption, this critical reference source is a valuable tool for all academicians, graduate students, practitioners, professionals, and researchers who are interested in expanding their knowledge of security practices pertaining to the Internet of Things.

Relational databases have been predominant for many years and are used throughout various industries. The current system faces challenges related to size and variety of data thus the NoSQL databases emerged. By joining these two database models, there is room for crucial developments in the field of computer science. Bridging Relational and NoSQL Databases is an innovative source of academic content on the convergence process between databases and describes key features of the next database generation. Featuring coverage on a wide variety of topics and perspectives such as BASE approach, CAP theorem, and hybrid and native solutions, this publication is ideally designed for professionals and researchers interested in the features and collaboration of relational and NoSQL databases.

IT Security Governance Innovations: Theory and Research provides extraordinary research which highlights the main contributions and characteristics of existing approaches, standards, best practices, and new trends in IT Security Governance. With theoretical and practical perspectives, the book aims to address IT Security Governance implementation in corporate organizations. This collection of works serves as a reference for CEOs and CIOs, security managers, systems specialists, computer science students, and much more.

ICT Sustainability is about how to assess, and reduce, the carbon footprint and materials used with computers and telecommunications. These are the notes for an award winning on-line graduate course on strategies for reducing the environmental impact of computers and how to use the Internet to make business more energy efficient. These notes have been used for courses by the Australian Computer Society, Australian National University and Athabasca University (Canada). The book includes an extensive bibliography. Free open access course-ware is available on-line to accompany this text.

A groundbreaking treatise by one of the great mathematicians of our age, who outlines a style of thinking by which great ideas are conceived. What inspires and spurs on a great idea? Can we train ourselves to think in a way that will enable world-changing understandings and insights to emerge? Richard Hamming said we can. He first inspired a generation of engineers, scientists, and researchers in 1986 with "You and Your Research," an electrifying sermon on why some scientists do great work, why most don't, why he did, and why you can-and should-too. The Art of Doing Science and Engineering is the full expression of what "You and Your Research" outlined. It's a book about thinking; more specifically, a style of thinking by which great ideas are conceived. The book is filled with stories of great people performing mighty deeds-but they are not meant simply to be admired. Instead, they are to be aspired to, learned from, and surpassed. Hamming consistently returns to Shannon's information theory, Einstein's theory of relativity, Grace Hopper's work on high-level programming, Kaiser's work on digital fillers, and his own work on error-correcting codes. He also recounts a number of his spectacular failures as clear examples of what to avoid. Originally published in 1996 and adapted from a course that Hamming taught at the US Naval Postgraduate School, this edition includes an all-new foreword by designer, engineer, and founder of Dynamicland Bret Victor, plus more than 70 redrawn graphs and charts. The Art of Doing Science and Engineering is a reminder that a capacity for learning and creativity are accessible to everyone. Hamming was as much a teacher as a scientist, and having spent a lifetime forming and confirming a theory of great people and great ideas, he prepares the next generation for even greater distinction.

There is a tremendous need for computer scientists, data scientists, and software developers to learn how to develop Socratic problem-solving applications. While the amount of data and information processing has been accelerating, our ability to learn and problem-solve with that data has fallen behind. Meanwhile, problems have become too complex to solve in the workplace without a concerted effort to follow a problem-solving process. This problem-solving process must be able to deal with big and disparate data. Furthermore, it must solve problems that do not have a "rule" to apply in solving them. Moreover, it must deal with ambiguity and help humans use informed judgment to build on previous steps and create new understanding. Computer-based Socratic problem-solving systems answer this need for a problem-solving process using big and disparate data. Furthermore, computer scientists, data scientists, and software developers need the knowledge to develop these systems. Socrates Digital (TM) for Learning and Problem Solving presents the rationale for developing a Socratic problem-solving application. It describes how a computer-based Socratic problem-solving system called Socrates DigitalTM can keep problem-solvers on track, document the outcome of a problem-solving session, and share those results with problem-solvers and larger audiences. In addition, Socrates DigitalTM assists problem-solvers to combine evidence about their quality of reasoning for individual problem-solving steps and their overall confidence in the solution. Socrates DigitalTM also captures, manages, and distributes this knowledge across organizations to improve problem-solving. This book also presents how to build a Socrates DigitalTM system by detailing the four phases of design and development: Understand, Explore, Materialize, and Realize. The details include flow charts and pseudo-code for readers to implement Socrates DigitalTM in a general-purpose programming language. The completion of the design and development process results in a Socrates DigitalTM system that leverages artificial intelligence services from providers that include Apple, Microsoft, Google, IBM, and Amazon. In addition, an appendix provides a demonstration of a no-code implementation of Socrates DigitalTM in Microsoft Power Virtual Agent.

As society continues to heavily rely on software and databases, the risks for cyberattacks have increased rapidly. As the dependence on computers has become gradually widespread throughout communities and governments, there is a need for cybersecurity programs that can assist in protecting sizeable networks and significant amounts of data at once. Implementing overarching security policies for software systems is integral to protecting community-wide data from harmful attacks. Establishing Cyber Security Programs Through the Community Cyber Security Maturity Model (CCSMM) is an essential reference source that discusses methods in applying sustainable cybersecurity programs and policies within organizations, governments, and other communities. Featuring research on topics such as community engagement, incident planning methods, and information sharing, this book is ideally designed for cybersecurity professionals, security analysts, managers, researchers, policymakers, students, practitioners, and academicians seeking coverage on novel policies and programs in cybersecurity implementation.