A book series devoted to the common foundations of the European legal systems. The Ius Commune Europaeum series includes comparative legal studies as well as studies on the effect of treaties within national legal systems. All areas of the law are covered. The books are published in various European languages under the auspices of METRO, the Institute for Transnational Legal Research at Maastricht University. This book discusses the impact of EU law on selected national legal systems. The authors analyse how the civil procedure system of their country has reacted to increasing Europeanisation and influence of EU law. They identify significant changes and disseminate the reasons for particular developments and the further implications of EU law on the civil procedure.Europe is in a period of increasing Europeanisation of civil procedure. Procedural elements of EU law are based on decentralised enforcement, leaving enforcement and procedural issues to the Member States. Consequently, there is vast amount of EU case law that is relevant for national procedural law. The supremacy of EU law and, inter alia, the requirements of effectiveness and equivalence may be relevant for several topics of national civil procedural law, for example ex officio application of EU law, enforcement, insolvency proceedings, evidence, etc. Both EU legislation and doctrinal changes in EU case law touch upon various topics of the procedural law of the Member States. In a concluding chapter, a more comprehensive comparison between the countries represented in the book is made. Which doctrines, which pieces of legislation or features in legislation pose problems for national civil procedure? Are some legal systems or topics more prone to integrate European rules, and are others more resistant to changes? This book displays the Europeanisation of national civil procedure law and helps to understand this development from the perspective of Member States.

Understanding the CCMA Rules & Procedure is an explanation of the Rules for the Conduct of Proceedings before the CCMA, and an invaluable guide to the various CCMA processes and proceedings. Understanding the CCMA Rules & Procedure will assist the reader in understanding a sometimes complicated and confusing set of rules. Each CCMA rule is explained and summarised. In cases where a rule has been interpreted by the CCMA or Labour Courts, the relevant award or judgment is brought to the reader's attention. Understanding the CCMA Rules & Procedure also contains: The text of the rules for easy reference; A useful matrix of CCMA forms and their uses; Templates for rescission and condonation applications; The CCMA guidelines on misconduct arbitration; The code of conduct for CCMA commissioners.

This book is the first South African work on this crucial new tool for the successful investigation and prosecution of crime.

It introduces readers to the biological principles of DNA and emphasises the importance of the chain of custody and pre-trial disclosure. It also looks at the process that a DNA-sample has to go through before a DNA test result can be produced, as well as an explanation of test result interpretation.

The meaning of a DNA match is explained, as well as aspects of population genetics, statistical calculations and DNA databases.

It has long been a fundamental norm of civilized legal systems that the administration of justice is conducted in full view of the public. In this topical new study, Joseph Jaconelli explores these issues and offers a critical examination of the reasons why justice is required to be carried out in the open, the values served by open justice, and the tensions that exist between it and the pressures of modern, mass media.

The European Union is unique amongst international organisations in that it has a highly developed and coherent system of judicial protection. The rights derived from Union law can be enforced in court, as opposed to other international organisations whereby enforceability is often far less certain. At the heart of the system of judicial protection in the European Union is the core principle of upholding the rule of law. As such, the stakes are high in the sense that the system of the judicial protection in the European Union must live up to its promise in which individuals, Member States and Union institutions are all guaranteed a route by which to enforce Union law rights. This book provides a rigorously structured analysis of the EU system of judicial protection and procedure before the Union courts. It examines the role and the competences of the Union courts and the types of actions that may be brought before them, such as the actions for infringement, annulment, and failure to act, as well as special forms of procedure, for example interim relief, appeals, and staff cases. In doing so, special attention is given to the fields of EU competition law and State aid. In addition it evaluates the relationship between the Court of Justice and the national courts through the preliminary ruling procedure and the interplay between EU law and the national procedural frameworks generally. Throughout, it takes account of significant institutional developments, including the relevant changes brought by the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty and the amendments to the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice and the General Court. Previously published as The Procedural Law of the European Union, this thoroughly revised work will continue to be the first port of call for legal practitioners and academics seeking guidance on the system of judicial protection in the EU.

The American legal system is experiencing a period of extreme stress, if not crisis, as it seems to be losing its legitimacy with at least some segments of its constituency. Nowhere is this legitimacy deficit more apparent than in a portion of the African American community in the U.S., as incidents of police killing black suspects - whether legally justified or not - have become almost routine. However, this legitimacy deficit has largely been documented through anecdotal evidence and a steady drumbeat of journalistic reports, not rigorous scientific research. This book offers an all-inclusive account of how and why African Americans differ in their willingness to ascribe legitimacy to legal institutions, as well as in their willingness to accept the policy decisions those institutions promulgate. Based on two nationally-representative samples of African Americans, this book ties together four dominant theories of public opinion: Legitimacy Theory, Social Identity Theory, theories of adulthood political socialization and learning through experience, and information processing theories. The findings reveal a gaping chasm in legal legitimacy between black and white Americans. More importantly, black people themselves differ in their perceptions of legal legitimacy. Group identities and experiences with legal authorities play a crucial role in shaping whether and how black people extend legitimacy to the legal institutions that so much affect them. This book is one of the most comprehensive analyses produced to date of legal legitimacy within the American black community, with many surprising and counter-intuitive results.

A Practical approach to Criminal Procedure in Botswana explains the basic principles of the law of criminal procedure in Botswana in plain and concise language. Aspects of the law of criminal procedure are analysed with an emphasis on their practical application, and with reference to recent case law and legislation. The author also discusses the rights of the accused at each stage of the criminal justice process. A Practical approach to Criminal Procedure in Botswana provides comprehensive, analytical and up-to-date information for judicial officers, legal practitioners, law students, academics, law enforcement officers, researchers, paralegals and those involved in the administration of justice.

The Supreme Court of Namibia: Law, Procedure and Practice, written by the Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Namibia and author of Namibia's first ever civil procedure title, covers all aspects of Namibia's apex court's procedure and practice. The Supreme Court of Namibia: Law, Procedure and Practice covers both the criminal and civil practice of Namibia's Supreme Court. The book is systematically organised, covering the background to the legal system, general principles related to civil and criminal practice and procedure, prosecution of an appeal, duties of parties to litigation, challenges experienced by courts during litigation as well as the granting of costs as a post-hearing order. The author provides practical examples of how the court's appellate, review and first instance jurisdictions are exercised.

This leading commentary on international commercial arbitration, now in its sixth edition, is an essential guide for arbitrators, lawyers, and students. Based on the authors' extensive experience as counsel and arbitrators, it provides an updated explanation of all elements of the law and practice of arbitration. This text provides an authoritative guide to the international arbitral process, from the drafting of the arbitration agreement to the enforcement of arbitral awards. The sixth edition has been updated to incorporate reference to the latest significant developments in the field such as the new LCIA, ICC and UNCITRAL Rules and new IBA Guidelines. There will also be an increased reference to international arbitral authority and practice from beyond Europe (China, India, and the US). Following the chronology of an arbitration, the book covers applicable laws, arbitration agreements, the establishment and powers of a tribunal, the conduct of proceedings and the role of domestic courts. In addition, it provides an in-depth examination of the award itself, and comments on the special considerations applying to arbitrations brought under investment treaties. It draws on examples of the rules and practice of arbitration at the International Chamber of Commerce, the London Court of International Arbitration, the American Arbitration Association, the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law.

The new constitutional order has brought about substantial changes to the application of property remedies in South African law. Property Remedies investigates the ways in which various property remedies have been developed by the courts. The book shows that the transformation of remedial possibilities needs to be informed by different contexts. The book argues that it is important to consider this jurisprudential challenge in developing property remedies that are suited to a new constitutional order based on a single system of law. Property Remedies covers the traditional common-law remedies used to protect property interests, such as the rei vindicatio, the actio negatoria, the mandament van spolie, the possessory action, the actio legis aquiliae, compensation for improvements, the prohibitory interdict and the declaratory order. The book also discusses constitutionally inspired property remedies such as compensation for expropriation, constitutional damages and non-expropriatory compensation for lawful state action. The book offers guidance on how to deal with the tension between preserving the existing common-law remedies, accommodating new statutory interventions and developing the current system of property remedies in line with the Constitution.

Professor Dickson has used the conference notes of Justices Brennan, Burton, Clark, Douglas, and to a lesser degree Frankfurter and Jackson to compile a list of conference notes for more than two hundred landmark cases from 1945- 1985. He has transcribed and heavily annotated notes to make them more accessible and meaningful to readers. The project draws out some of the patterns, tendencies, and personalities of the conference and answers some of the questions long asked about the Court: Do the Justices bargain with each other for votes? How do Chief Justices manipulate the conference and control opinion assignments? Do Justices come into the conference with their minds already made up? Who takes a leadership role in conference and with which cases? Who are the crucial swing votes?

With increased international trade transactions and a corresponding increase in disputes arising from those transactions, the application of the doctrine of Forum Non Conveniens - the discretionary power of a court to decline jurisdiction based on the convenience of the parties and the interests of justice - has become extremely relevant when determining which country's court should preside over a controversy involving nationals of different countries. Forum Non Conveniens: History, Global Practice, and Future Under the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements provides an in-depth analysis of the common law doctrine of Forum Non Conveniens as it has evolved in the four major common law countries (UK, US, Canada, and Australia), and looks at the similarities and differences of the doctrine among those four countries. It compares Forum Non Conveniens to the more rigid analogous doctrine of Lis Alibi Pendens found in civil law countries, which requires automatic deference to the court where a dispute is first filed and explains current initiatives for coordinating jurisdictional issues between the common law and civil law systems, the most important of which is the 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements. The authors explain how the Hague Convention provides a rational approach to the confluence of common law and civil law doctrines and how its application to international transactions is likely to temper judicial application of the doctrine of Forum Non Conveniens and provides greater predictability with respect to enforcement of private party choice of court agreements.
Forum Non Conveniens: History, Global Practice, and Future Under the Hague Convention on Choiceof Court Agreements is the only book to provide a complete explanation of Forum Non Conveniens in the context of global litigation, making it a very important resource and reference work.

This concise primer offers an introduction to U.S. law from a comparative perspective, explaining not only the main features of American law and legal culture, but also how and why it differs from that of other countries. Gerrit De Geest initially focuses on the core characteristics of American law, such as the predominance of judge-made law, the significance of state law and the vital role that juries play in the legal process. De Geest then moves on to provide a succinct analysis of U.S. legal culture, before summarizing the principal differences in law and legal cultures around the world. Key features include: A thorough introduction to the main elements of U.S. law for international students A concise, accessible style illustrated with lively anecdotes and discussion of relevant foundational cases Explanation of the historical and cultural roots of law in the U.S. and other countries to provide context for differences. Students beginning LLM programs in the U.S., in particular international students, will find this primer invaluable reading. It will also be of interest to pre-law and comparative law students.

The proper protection of minority shareholders is a cornerstone of any well-developed corporate law system. Pivotal to the minority shareholder's armoury is the derivative action. Section 165 of the South African Companies Act 71 of 2008 introduces the new statutory derivative action, and entrusts the court with a key function as the gatekeeper to the derivative action. The courts have an important filtering function and may disallow applications for derivative actions that are frivolous, vexatious or without merit. The vital judicial discretion to grant or refuse leave to an applicant to bring a derivative action is the crux of the new statutory derivative action. The court is required to exercise its discretion with reference to three important but vague guiding criteria for the grant of leave to institute a derivative action. Thus the courts have been entrusted by the legislature to flesh out the details, the contours, and the practical application of these guiding criteria. This crucially endows the courts with a dominant and decisive role in shaping the effectiveness of this much-needed new remedy. The New Derivative Action under the Companies Act is primarily aimed at developing guidelines for the exercise of the judicial discretion in the field of the new statutory derivative action. It takes into account valuable principles gleaned from other comparable jurisdictions such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The book also discusses the overlap between the derivative action and the oppression remedy.

This indispensable book offers a concise comparative introduction to international commercial arbitration. With reference to recent case law from leading jurisdictions and up-to-date rules revisions, International Commercial Arbitration provides a comparative analysis of the issues raised in arbitration, from the time of drafting of the arbitration clause to the rendering of the arbitral award and the post-award stage. Combining perspectives from both practice and academia, Franco Ferrari, Friedrich Rosenfeld and Consultant Editor John Fellas examine all the key points of international commercial arbitration. After introductory remarks on the applicable normative framework, the book covers arbitration agreements and their enforcement, the initiation of proceedings and the constitution of the tribunal, the taking of evidence, issues arising in complex arbitrations, as well as the award and the post-award regime. Scholars and students of international commercial arbitration across the globe will find this book invaluable for its comparative analysis. It will also be most useful for arbitration practitioners and judges interested in learning how jurisdictions differ in their approaches to arbitration proceedings.

This thoroughly revised and expanded second edition of IT Contracts and Dispute Management provides an in-depth analysis of the legal issues that could potentially arise within each critical stage of a technology project. The authors draw on their extensive practical experience of advising and litigating in this evolving field, and have produced a work that is both authoritative and pragmatic. Key Features: Discussion of recent judicial decision of relational contracts, and the Supreme Court’s judgment on ‘no oral modification’ clauses and their applicability to change control procedures Updated information to account for the new High Court rules on disclosure Guidance on how to manage frequently occurring issues, such as delayed delivery Examination of important methods of project resuscitation when experiencing difficulty, as well as potential end of project issues This informative book will be a hugely valuable resource for lawyers in private practice who are advising clients striving to avoid or resolve disputes occurring from IT projects. It will also be beneficial for in-house legal counsel who advise clients at each stage of IT projects.

Class Action Litigation in South Africa is the first book to be published in South Africa dealing with this area of the law. The book collects, describes and interrogates the first-class action judgments in South Africa, aiming to go beyond the existing and ground-breaking Supreme Court of Appeal and Constitutional Court judgments on class actions, and makes practical suggestions regarding the issues that are likely to arise for practitioners, judges and academics as they encounter class actions in South Africa. Class Action Litigation in South Africa seeks to ensure a home-grown understanding of class actions for our country, but also offers the reader first-hand exposure to lessons learnt from international experts in class action litigation. The book thus embraces contributions from around the world that are wide-ranging, straddling the fields of law, economics, social justice and politics. The book presents important and useful insights into class action litigation from local and international experts. The editors and the contributors have all been involved in the leading class action cases in South Africa and abroad.

The U.S. Supreme Court is a public policy battleground in which organized interests attempt to etch their economic, legal, and political preferences into law through the filing of amicus curiae ("friend of the court") briefs. In Friends of the Supreme Court: Interest Groups and Judicial Decision Making, Paul M. Collins, Jr. explores how organized interests influence the justices' decision making, including how the justices vote and whether they choose to author concurrences and dissents. Collins presents theories of judicial choice derived from disciplines as diverse as law, marketing, political science, and social psychology. This theoretically rich and empirically rigorous treatment of decision-making on the nation's highest court, which represents the most comprehensive examination ever undertaken of the influence of U.S. Supreme Court amicus briefs, provides clear evidence that interest groups play a significant role in shaping the justices' choices.

The issue of pre-trial release or bail remains an important topic in the criminal justice process. This is mainly because bail is concerned with one of the most important principles of justice, namely, individual freedom. The denial of release after arrest constitutes, without doubt, serious infraction to personal freedom. Thus, knowledge of the processes related to pre-trial release is important, not only to lawyers, but also to all who are interested in the right to freedom.

A Guide to Bail Applications second edition expands on some of the most important issues, case discussions and case excerpts related to bail applications. New information is also included which offers somewhat fresher perspectives to the material, without necessarily detracting from the general style, poise and content of the previous edition.

Mediation in family & divorce disputes is intended as a handbook for mediators and clients who are involved with family and divorce disputes. It distills 20 years’ of priceless experience into a succinct and lucid handbook that will be invaluable to attorneys, mediators, social workers, psychologists and parties to disputes, helping clients to decide whether they would like to try to resolve their dispute through mediation and professionals to reflect on the fundamental principles and practical applications of their work. The goal of mediation is to enable clients to negotiate an effective settlement of their dispute, rather than necessarily reconciling – although occasionally that is a result of mediation. In a real sense mediation coaches clients to negotiate effectively. It is about helping clients to negotiate mutually acceptable, realistic and legal settlements of their disputes. Although the book is written in a South African context, the principles will apply and be of interest beyond South Africa and to all mediators and clients in mediation whether their primary focus is on family disputes or not. For mediators the book sets out to provide practical and theoretical guidelines for their work. The practice tips, further reading suggestions and references serve as an introduction to some of the work of leading mediators in the field for those readers who would like to develop a deeper understanding of the process. The book is also designed to be of use to those who have recently been trained as mediators or will soon be trained, as it complements the material usually presented in such training. For clients it explains what they can expect in the mediation process, tips as to what to look for in a mediator and what they can do to prepare for their mediation in order to get the most out of the process. Each chapter includes tips for mediators and for clients, as well as suggested further reading if you want to follow up in more depth on a topic covered in one of the chapters.

This Commentary offers an article-by-article examination of the United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation (the Singapore Convention), as well as insights into the negotiation process through which the Convention was developed. It provides deep theoretical and practical analysis of the Convention and its consequences for the promotion of mediation as a mechanism to solve commercial conflicts with a cross-border character. Key Features: A comparative approach with perspectives from five continents and a variety of legal traditions Critical discussion of every stage from the negotiation to the conclusion of the Convention Sound proposals for the Convention's implementation and application by States and regional organisations Contributions from a diverse group of practitioners and academics, including some who were part of the negotiation of the Singapore Convention The Commentary will be a crucial resource for practitioners, arbitrators and mediators involved in cross-border commercial disputes, as well as judges in this area. It will also be of interest to scholars working in international commercial law, arbitration and mediation.

This innovative book proposes new theories on how the legal system can be made more comprehensible, usable and empowering for people through the use of design principles. Utilising key case studies and providing real-world examples of legal innovation, the book moves beyond discussion to action. It offers a rich set of examples, demonstrating how various design methods, including information, service, product and policy design, can be leveraged within research and practice. Providing a forward-thinking outlook, this book presents an in-depth examination of how a human-centred, visual and participatory design approach can improve legal services and outcomes. Spanning numerous fields of legal practice, from education, housing and contracts to intellectual property, it highlights how visuals, information design and better communication can help prevent and solve legal problems. Chapters explore a new vision of lawyering and its potential to encompass a more creative and collaborative approach to legal practice. Legal Design will be of benefit to students and scholars seeking an up-to-date analysis of current trends related to legal design thinking and execution. It will also be a key resource for legal practitioners, policy-makers, government officials and business professionals looking to deepen their understanding of the field and improve their own design tools.

This second edition of Mis-Selling Financial Services is a practical guide to litigating claims arising from the mis-sale of financial products and services. It covers the history of 'mis-selling' litigation and provides an updated overview of the regulatory landscape and how such claims are formulated, as well as a thorough review of the key issues. The revised chapters give an in-depth analysis of the financial products which most commonly form the subject of such claims, from credit to collective investment schemes. Key Features: Updated with new chapters on Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS) and unfair terms Explanation of the key issues and considerations concerning mis-selling litigation Clear and concise analysis on the law relating to the mis-selling of regulated financial services products Overview of the UK and European regulatory framework governing the sale of financial products, with particular focus on five key product types: credit, mortgages, investments, insurance and collective investment schemes With consideration of key legal and practical concepts and issues, this book is an essential read for practitioners and in-house counsel working in the financial services industry. Academics who are researching within the fields of financial services law or consumer protection will also find this to be an informative text.