Deforestation and agricultural land degradation are major problems in developing countries. While they have attracted much attention, most analyses and policy recommendations examine them in isolation from their broader economic and policy setting. This path breaking and timely book takes an economy-wide approach to the analysis of developing-country resource degradation problems. The Open Economy and the Environment asks what globalization means for environmental quality and the use of natural resources in developing economies. The authors develop theoretical models that trace the effects of trade and trade liberalization on sectoral resource allocation, factor returns, income and welfare, as well as incentives to clear forest and degrade agricultural land. The models reflect important developing economy features including spatial distinctions between uplands and lowlands, open-access forest resources and the special features of domestic food markets. The authors also analyze representative economy submodels, explore empirical cases based on applied general equilibrium models of Asian economies, and examine welfare and environmental implications of migration, trade liberalization and development policy. Researchers and graduate educators in agricultural, development, environmental and international economics, will find the core subject matter of this book of great interest, as will economists specializing in Asian economies.

Using original research to address cutting-edge topics, this Handbook explores the rapidly evolving and increasingly multifaceted relations between China and developing countries. Innovative, data-rich analysis by leading experts from around the world critically assesses such timely issues as the 'China model', Beijing's role in international development assistance, World Bank governance, Chinese peacekeeping and South-South relations, and developing countries and the internationalization of China's currency. China's engagement with individual countries and regions throughout the developing world is examined, including Chinese private sector investment in Africa. This unique and comprehensive study is an essential reference for scholars and policy experts alike, with a breadth and depth of coverage that will inform and guide analysis for academics, practitioners and postgraduates. Contributors: L. Austin, A. Bodomo, D. Brautigam, D.J. Bulman, C. Cheng, G. Chin, C.P. Freeman, M. Gurtov, S. Ho, G.L. Le Pere, B. Mariani, H. Mo, G. Paz, R. Roett, S. Shen, X. Shen, Y. Sun, N.L.P. Swanstroem, X Tu, M. Turzi, T. Wesley-Smith, Y. Xu, J. Zhang, Q. Zhang, S. Zhao

This book is the result of a comparative investigation that contrasts micro-systems of innovation in several regions of China and Australia - two vastly different countries in terms of traditions, industry structures, political systems and economic organisation. Six regional studies comprehensively document the experiences of firms engaged in product or process innovation. The book also examines the institutions that support research and development and the impact of government policies on innovation in each of the regions studied. The case-studies present original and informative insights into the different ways in which local, national and transnational interests interact and influence regional development. These findings support the view that local innovation systems are emerging with quite different structural characteristics. The authors conclude that local, national and transnational dimensions are continually redefining and aligning themselves in novel and interesting ways. They highlight the importance of identifying these structural relationships in order to encourage dynamic innovation to occur. This, they argue, has important implications for policymakers concerned with the promotion of innovation in regional areas. Innovation, Technology Policy and Regional Development will be of great interest to those involved in research and policy in the fields of economic growth and employment, industrial economics and innovation.

The main theme of this study is the political economy of policy reform in less developed countries and post-socialist countries. Given the complexity of economic development and transition, Joachim Ahrens views failures in policy reform, poor public sector management, rent-seeking, corruption, and over-centralization as systematic, though not exclusive, instances of institutional failure. This interdisciplinary study looks for ways of constructing effective market-enhancing governance structures that provide appropriate incentive systems to cope with such failures. No blueprint is offered, but the book provides a conceptual governance framework that can be applied in a comparative way to analyze economic, political, and social obstacles to policy and institutional reform. The concept is not only used to analyze the politico-institutional foundation of policy reform in East Asia and Eastern Europe, but it also allows to elaborate country specific strategies to craft institutional safeguards that help overcome impediments to development and transition. This innovative book, which overcomes the conventional perspective of a government-market dichotomy, will be of interest to researchers, students, policymakers and all those concerned with the impact of the dialectic interaction between political and economic forces on economic development.

Visions of Development is a path-breaking and original volume, examining concepts and perceptions of human development through a unique synthesis of empirical and philosophical work. The author builds on the foundations of Sen and Nussbaum's capability approach, now at the forefront of development studies. The book aims to identify and clarify academic concepts of development, to consider how poor people themselves perceive 'development' and confronts abstract concepts of development with the views of ordinary people. It represents the first systematic attempt to construct a development ethic (list of valuable capabilities) that is based directly on the values and experiences of the poor. David Clark considers the case for viewing development in terms of the expansion of human capabilities instead of some narrow conception of utility or opulence; and develops a non-paternalistic methodology for forging a development ethic that can respect the values of all people. He then proceeds to develop an account of human development based on the perceptions of people living in both rural and urban locations in South Africa - Murraysburg and Wallacedene respectively. A multidisciplinary and accessible text, this challenging book will appeal not only to scholars and researchers in development economics but also economic geographers, social scientists and political economists. It will also be of great interest to policymakers and practitioners.

Hans-Peter Brunner has produced here a very thoughtful piece of scholarship. This important book is genuinely innovative and very well executed. It addresses a very significant problem - how the integration and inter-linkage of national markets through regional cooperation and integration adds to productivity growth. The book goes on to define a meaningful theoretical framework, describes relevant regional experiences, and then presents a road map for cluster development. As such, it will be of value to academics, practitioners and policy makers alike.' - Kislaya Prasad, University of Maryland, College Park, USThe rise of Asia, as well as the future of regional cooperation and integration (RCI) the world over, will be profoundly influenced by the challenges of slowing productivity growth, increasing economic inequalities and systemic vulnerabilities. Such structural reform issues will require RCI policies that complement domestic policy reform. This unique book explains what drives the regional economic integration of nations and their contribution to national knowledge capital. It also lays out how such beneficial integration can generate broad-based, equitable wealth in Europe and Asia. Unique in the regional economic integration literature, this comprehensive book identifies the set of drivers of integration for productivity growth. Importantly, it describes and compares the experiences of the Baltic Sea Region with Asia's use of a set of institutionalized consensual knowledge and decision tools to drive inclusive and productive growth throughout a period dominated by the global economic crisis. Original and enlightening, Innovation Networks and the New Asian Regionalism will be vital reading for academics and researchers interested in regional integration and innovation. Policy makers and practitioners in regional development and economic geography will also find it to be an invaluable resource.

In examining countries that have experienced rapid economic growth and development, the proper role of the state vis-a-vis the market has been intensely scrutinized and debated. Engaging this literature through the lenses of neoliberalism and globalization, the authors provide a thorough and compelling study of the varying developmental experiences of Chile and Taiwan. This excellent book is a valuable reading for scholars and students of the politics and economics of development.' - Alexander C. Tan, University of Canterbury, New Zealand'Challenging Neoliberalism provides an excellent analysis of the characteristics, contradictions and limits of neoliberalism and globalization. And it is a brilliant investigation of two exemplary cases of free-market based development: Chile and Taiwan. Employing institutionalist theory, Cal and Evelyn Clark provide a precise and penetrating study of the neoliberalization of these two countries and their divergent socio-economic growth policies that engendered equally important 'economic miracles.' The authors' ability to convincingly illustrate the ultimate incompatibility of neoliberalism and globalization makes Challenging Neoliberalism a novel and timely addition to the debate on neoliberal globalization.' - Alessandro Bonanno, Sam Houston State University, US 'Clark and Clark do an excellent job of pointing to the paradoxes inherent in neoliberal economic policies through a case study of Chile and Taiwan. It is unusual to see an analysis that involves two countries so different from one another. Clark and Clark argue that, despite their similar strategies of opening their markets to the global economy and pursuing export-led growth, there are tremendous differences in the outcomes in Chile and Taiwan. This book would be a great addition to courses on globalization and political economy. It renders complex concepts clear and presents substantial background information such that readers unfamiliar with Chile and/or Taiwan can make sense of their economic and social policies.' - Tanya Maria Golash-Boza, University of California, Merced, US Neoliberalism, which advocates free markets without government interference, has become increasingly utilized and controversial over the last three and a half decades. This book presents case studies of Chile and Taiwan, two countries that seemingly prospered from adopting neoliberal strategies, and finds that their developmental histories challenge neoliberalism in fundamental ways. From one perspective, the political economies of Chile and Taiwan might appear to be poster children for neoliberalism. Both took aggressive policy actions (Taiwan in the 1960s and Chile in the 1970s) to create market-driven economies that were well integrated into the capitalist global economy. Subsequently, these two countries were cited as 'economic miracles' that opened their markets, resulting in rapid economic growth and development. A closer examination of the two nations, however, turns up very significant differences between them. In particular, Taiwan, with its much more statist approach to development, outperformed Chile by a considerable margin; and some of the experiences of Chile departed markedly from neoliberal predictions. The authors argue that Taiwan s strategy was the more successful of the two, primarily because it discarded the ideology of neoliberalism and unfettered laissez-faire. Scholars, educators, and students studying globalization, political economy, and/or economic development will find this book an irreplaceable addition to the discussion of neoliberalism.

This important Handbook on international development policy and management covers a broad spectrum of contemporary topics across all the major areas of interest. With over 40 chapters, the book comprehensively explores the many themes and issues of significance for both policy and implementation, and provides easily accessible reference material on current practice and research. The 42 contributors come from a diverse range of backgrounds, and enjoy international reputations in their chosen fields. The Handbook is organised in two parts, one dealing with policy issues and the other with implementation and management issues. The first part, on policy, covers a wide range of economic, social and environmental topics. The second part explores the political context of implementation and development practice and goes on to cover a range of issues relating to management in the public and non-state sectors and the management of development projects. Each individual chapter provides background information on theory and practice, describes the current 'state of play', examines prospects for the future and includes an annotated guide to further reading. This extensive handbook will become an essential reference on international development policy and management. Although primarily designed for postgraduate students and scholars of development studies, it will also be welcomed by development practitioners, NGOs and aid agencies.

The past two decades have seen a process of almost continuous reform in public management in developed countries and a renegotiation of traditional relationships between state, economy and society. These changes have been expressed through privatization, civil service reductions and restructuring, the introduction of market-type mechanisms to improve the delivery of public services, the construction of new forms of partnership between state and non-state organizations, and new types of regulation and accountability. In turn, these public management reforms have, in a variety of ways, been transferred to the state systems of developing and transitional economies. The Internationalization of Public Management constitutes one of the first attempts to examine the conceptual and practical problems which attend such policy transfers, and to make preliminary judgements about the successes and failures of public management reform in developing countries. The distinguished group of contributors offers instructive insights into the complex reality of the development state. Both academics and postgraduate students within the areas of politics and governance, public sector management and development studies will find this book essential reading. Practitioners in these fields, especially within aid agencies and research institutions, will also find the book contains valuable lessons and conclusions.

Korea has been at the centre of intense debate concerning the role of government in economic development. Taking an in-depth approach, this book analyses the path of Korea's industrial technology development. In contrast to many previous studies on Korea, the author argues that the role of foreign multinational enterprises has been significant while the government's was surprisingly limited in scope. The author addresses three main questions: * How was Korea able to develop so effectively despite the low inflow of foreign technologies and capital? * What is the role of multinational enterprises in 'teaching' technology to the firms from developing countries? * What has been the influence of public policy on Korea's technology development? The author demonstrates that the key to the Korean electronics industry's spectacular growth has been through its participation in and learning from an inter-firm arrangement called 'original equipment manufacturing' (OEM) arrangement, and a number of firm-level case studies support this argument. This book will be of special interest to scholars of industrial and development economics, innovation and Asian studies. It will also be of use to policymakers responsible for industrial policy development.

This concise book, by one of the leading scholars in development economics, has been developed from a series of lectures given to masters students and will serve as an excellent introduction to the principles of growth and development theory. The author presents conventional wisdom with a critical eye and charts development economics as it has evolved from Adam Smith to 'new' or endogenous growth theory. Thirlwall is critical of the latter, and its predecessor neo-classical growth theory, and tries to put back demand as a driving force in growth theory. He argues that in an open developing economy one of the major constraints is the availability of foreign exchange to pay for imports, so that export growth which relaxes a balance of payments constraint on demand becomes a crucial determinant of overall growth performance. Demand creating its own supply in a growth context, rather than the pre-Keynesian view of supply creating its own demand, provides an alternative framework to the neo-classical one for understanding the differential growth performance of nations. This highly original book will be essential reading for all students and scholars of development and growth economics.

COVID-19 and the Response of Central Banks analyses the reactions of central banks to the COVID-19 crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa. It focuses on how the pandemic has affected the economic performance of Sub-Saharan African countries, many of which were already struggling with growth and sustainability. The first part of the book covers countries within monetary unions such as Cameroon, Congo, Senegal, and Cote d'Ivoire. In the second half, countries with their own independent central banks such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Ghana, and Sierra Leone, are discussed. Chapters highlight the differences between monetary union membership and independent central banks during health crises and explore the role of central banking in minimizing the deleterious effects. This theoretical and empirical analysis of central bank reactions and monetary regimes in these Sub-Saharan African countries is important, useful information for central bankers and policymakers responsible for making decisions before, during, and post crises. Among others, graduate students interested in development analysis and how monetary policy works in Africa will also benefit from the insight in COVID-19 and the Response of Central Banks.

This book comprehensively examines the performance of Bangladeshi agriculture in light of the most recent thinking on economic development and the environment. It both analyses the experience during the last five decades and discusses the major issues and challenges with special emphasis on the prospects for sustainable agricultural development in the future. The authors emphasise the importance of distributional aspects of environmental change and development in relation to employment and poverty and also focus on gender issues - often ignored in traditional theory. Many of the issues that arise in Bangladesh in connection with the agricultural-development nexus are not unique to the country. Parallels exist elsewhere in the developing world and as such Bangladesh is useful as an example from which to draw conclusions about much of the developing world. Environment and Agriculture in a Developing Economy will therefore be of particular interest to developmental and environmental economists as well as international organisations and NGOs committed to environment and development issues.

The relationship between public investment and regional economic development is of perennial interest and is particularly topical now as issues of infrastructure and innovation are high on policy agendas in many countries. Public investment is often viewed as a possible method for 'jump-starting' lagging regional economies and also as a requirement for the continued development of more prosperous regions. Public Investment and Regional Economic Development provides a systematic analysis of the complex relationship between public investment and regional economic development. The authors offer new insights into the key issues of regional growth, and present a broad variety of perspectives ranging from transport and housing infrastructure through to human capital and innovation. With contributions from leading regional scientists, and each themed section of the book prefaced with an editorial introduction to ensure coherence, this illuminating book is sure to offer policymakers new research insights into key issues of regional growth. Academics and researchers of urban and regional planning, geography and economic development will also find the book of great interest.

While the US has traditionally been successful in commercialising new technologies, Europe is confronted with an increasing dependency upon fast developing technologies like biotechnology or ICT, despite having some of the best universities in the world. This book will explore the key attributes of commercialising academic knowledge, focusing on spin-offs. Bringing together the visions and best practices used by leading academics and professionals across Europe, Sven H. De Cleyn and Gunter Festel offer new and practical insights on technology transfer in an attempt to resolve the European Paradox. Innovative contributions provide new insights into the special approaches used by European institutes when it comes to fostering and supporting technology transfer activities and the creation of new academic spin-off ventures. This book illustrates the tools they have developed via compelling examples of successful corporate alliances with academic institutes and public research organisations. Practical and insightful, this book will appeal to researchers, policy-makers and educators interested in technology transfer and high-tech entrepreneurship. Investors will also gain from a greater understanding of the benefits of academic spin-offs and technology transfer offices will find a wealth of information to help improve operations for their creation. Contributors include: J. Bauer, M. Brandkamp, M. Cantamessa, S.H. De Cleyn, G. Festel, F.K. Fink, F. Gielen, V.A. Gilsing, M.L. Justesen, M. Keckl, M. Klofsten, F. Kirschenhofer, J. Kratzer, T. Lambertus, H. Lebret, E. Lundmar, U. Mahr, K.V. Moltzen, M. Mrozewski, I.M.M.J. Reymen, A.G.L. Romme, B. Schmalfuss, H. Schoenenberger, R.V. Basaiawmoit, E. van Burg, A. von Matuschka

The industrialization of information resources has been a growing trend across the world in recent years, especially in China, where the information resource industry (IRI) has expanded exponentially for over more than a decade. While analysing the development conditions of China's IRI, this book clearly defines the implications and strategic value of the industry, summarizes basic IRI theories, and clarifies the history of its development and special regional characteristics within the Chinese context. Drawing on the statistics and measurement of various economic indicators of IRI, the authors propose four stages of development: a germination period; an initial development period; a subsequent rapid development period; and lastly, a steady development period. At the same time, the book draws upon various theoretical models such as the "Dynamic Resource Triangle" model, the "Information Resource Industrial Symbiosis" model, the value chain model and the explanation model of information consumption in order to shed light on IRI's elements and the optimization of its management. In addition, the authors present the Information Resource Industry Development Index (IRIDI) to evaluate IRI's development in different provinces and cities across Mainland China and monitor its dynamics from the point of view of industrial value and the external environment. While the book lays a solid theoretical foundation for the growth of China's IRI, it will also give international readers a clear picture of China's emerging industries in the current era. As an emerging strategic industry in China, the information resource industry (IRI) has had and will continue to have a growing impact on economic and social development. Focusing on the special characteristics of IRI policies in China, this book provides an in-depth discussion of the major directions, methods, and paths of development for IRI policies via a comprehensive analysis of the structural, organizational, promotional policies and policy instruments of China's IRI. Concentrating on policy instruments, the book, for the first time, provides a systematic, all-rounded review of China's IRI policies that have been released to date, and proposes a "China Information Resource Industry Policy Library" comprising six types of IRI policy documents: organizational, information, regulatory, incentives, market, and social. The whole contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the application of various IRI policies in China, and also supports the decision making behind and building of industrial policies.

China’s Belt and Road strategy is acknowledged to be the most ambitious geopolitical initiative of the age. Covering almost seventy countries by land and sea, it will affect every element of global society, from shipping to agriculture, digital economy to tourism, politics to culture. Most importantly, it symbolises a new phase in China’s ambitions as a superpower: to remake the world economy and crown Beijing as the new centre of capitalism and globalisation. Bruno Maçães traces this extraordinary initiative’s history, highlighting its achievements to date, and its staggering complexity. He asks whether Belt and Road is about more than power projection and profit. Might it herald a new set of universal political values, to rival those of the West? Is it, in fact, the story of the century?

It is widely recognized that sustainable development can only be achieved if environmental, economic and social issues are combined in development plans, policies and programmes. This book examines the integrated approach to the development process, and analyses the theory and practice of integrating assessment techniques and decision-making. The editors begin by presenting a comprehensive introduction to integrated appraisal in development strategies as well as outlining issues which are important to the future understanding and practical application of integrated appraisal. A group of authors from a range of disciplinary and country backgrounds then present alternative perspectives and methods of an integrated approach to sustainable development, and apply integrated appraisal to a variety of case studies from developing and transitional countries. This book will be warmly welcomed by development policymakers and consultants in government and non-government organizations as well as academics and postgraduates working in the fields of economics, development and environmental studies.

This book surveys the current state of industry in sub-Saharan Africa and examines claims that Africa is de-industrialising. It focuses on the challenge for economic policy to find ways to reverse this trend. The contributors begin by analysing general issues relating to industrialisation in Africa, including the question of Africa's comparative advantage in industry, the role of small-scale enterprises and the scope for infant industry promotion. They then focus on issues such as: * evidence of de-industrialisation within Africa * comparative industrial performance between African countries and economies outside Africa * the role of regional trade integration * lessons to be learnt from industrialisation in East Asia * policies of major lending institutions towards industrial loans The authors then consider evidence from country studies including export performance in Nigeria, protection and transport costs in Uganda, public enterprises in Tanzania, enterprise reform in South Africa and the impact of free trade policies in Southern Africa. They find that the diversity of experience in the region and the complexity of the issues caution against accepting simple generalisations on African industrialisation. Industrial Development and Policy in Africa will be required reading for scholars of economic development and industrial economics.

Hunger and malnutrition stalk the countries of the South. Over the last twenty years, as the populations of these countries have increased, so too has mass poverty on a grotesque scale. In this fiercely critical study of Western aid giving, Walden Bello offers a persuasive argument that recolonisation of the Third World has been carried out through the agencies of the International Banks. Bello argues that neoliberalism or doctrinal free-market ideology came to power in the United States with an agenda to 'discipline the Third World' and the consequences of such a policy has resulted in lower barriers to imports, the removal of restrictions on foreign investments, privatisation of state owned activities, a reduction in social welfare spending, wage cuts and devaluation of local currencies. Recipients of 'structural adjustment' loans from the West, have been forced to accept these polices, with disastrous consequences. Hailed as a classic study of global poverty, Dark Victory is now reissued with a substantial new epilogue by the author.

In this easy-to-follow, one-stop reference, Dinc discusses a new and dynamic endogenous regional development approach that delves deeply into a variety of topics: the globalization process and its impact on local and regional economies; theoretical evolution of economic development; the role of governance; and institutions and local leadership in the development process. The book reviews major traditional local and regional development theories from their origins and early applications as well as regional agglomerations and industrial clusters. It also introduces conflict management procedures into the regional development process and provides a regional decision support framework that can be used for informed development policymaking. Another advantage of this book is its discussion of basic analytical tools and the inclusion of a template in an easy-to-use MS Excel spreadsheet application. Though the book follows a logical narrative, each chapter can be read individually without a loss of meaning, making it perfect for classrooms. Introduction to Regional Economic Development will prove to be an invaluable resource for teachers and students of regional science, regional development, and planning, as well as regional and local development practitioners, regional development agency staff, and local government officials.

Privatization investment funds are the key feature of mass privatization programmes in transitional economies. This book offers a thorough survey of mass privatization programmes in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovenia, supported with extensive empirical analysis. The study of 'top-down' privatization funds in Poland and 'bottom-up' funds in the Czech Republic and Slovenia offers different solutions to the problem of how to improve the governance of privatization funds. The authors argue that the institutional structure of closed-end investment companies and open-end mutual funds has not provided the right incentives to maximize the value for the shareholders. In addition too many regulations are in place in underdeveloped markets to protect new shareholders unaccustomed to exercising their ownership rights. Instead, the authors argue that they need to promote adjustment in fund portfolios and ownership structures in order to spur the development of capital markets and effective mechanisms of corporate governance.

This book focuses on one of the major challenges facing countries in Eastern Europe, namely the creation and maintenance of jobs in the agricultural sector. It argues that future employment will critically depend upon the completion of the privatization process, as well as improved efficiency and market opportunity. Privatization in Rural Eastern Europe prescribes radical restructuring of the East European countryside and examines the future prospects for restitution and privatization from both national and regional perspectives. The economic and political history of rural Eastern Europe is examined in the context of the transition process. The discussion then develops with the extensive use of detailed country case studies which analyse the growth of private economic activity in Albania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia in a clear and systematic way. The book offers careful consideration of the future of the rural economy and emphasizes the importance of rural diversification and the development of the service sector to create new employment opportunities in rural areas. This book will prove invaluable to academics with an interest in agricultural and transitional economics as well as to businessmen interested in East European agriculture, food processing and farm machinery.

This important book challenges conventional development theory by addressing not only technological but also socio-economic factors influencing low agricultural productivity in the developing world. Agricultural productivity has long been regarded as a fundamental factor in influencing economic development, yet relatively little research has examined the causes of stagnated and low agricultural productivity in developing countries. This book goes beyond the traditional discussion of low productivity being primarily determined by technological factors, and addresses the more complex determinants. Special attention is given to the influences of ecology and environmental degradation, the distribution of political power and socio-economic factors, as well as possibilities for biotechnology. The authors have been drawn from an international arena and transcend traditional academic disciplines combining historical, statistical and formal analysis for a better understanding of critical development issues. Economic Development and Agricultural Productivity will be of special interest to development and agricultural economists and policymakers.

In Explaining Economic Growth David Lim presents a new analytical framework for explaining the different growth performances of developing countries.Drawing on the growth experience of the newly industrializing economies of East Asia, the author begins his analysis by identifying the sources of output growth and the factors behind them. Recognizing that no one explanation of economic growth is entirely satisfactory, Professor Lim's analysis enables the strengths of existing explanations to be highlighted and used in the construction of more convincing hypothesis of economic growth. An operational framework for identifying the policies needed to produce greater economic growth is also developed. Explaining Economic Growth presents the large and often unstructured development literature within a systematic framework allowing for a series of policy-oriented conclusions. Accessible and yet rigorous, this major new book will be widely used by students, researchers and policy makers concerned with economic growth and development.