Corporate finance decisions showcase the responses of corporations to address challenges on both the demand and supply sides and the firm value chain. Corporate performance, strategies, and priorities have changed significantly since the pandemic. Understanding these changes and developing and implementing policy responses are crucial to success. Future Outlooks on Corporate Finance and Opportunities for Robust Economic Planning disseminates knowledge regarding corporate response during crises that contribute to a robust economic planning process. It examines the adjustments and strategic interventions that helped corporations mitigate challenges successfully. Covering topics such as corporate governance practices, global systemic risk interdependencies, and investment decisions, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for finance professionals, business executives and managers, financial officers, students and faculty of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

The development of a green and sustainable economy continues to grow in awareness and popularity due to its promotion of a more comprehensive way of achieving economic development through social and environmental efficiency. Sustainable Technologies, Policies, and Constraints in the Green Economy carefully investigates the complex issues which surround the wide array of concepts, policies, and measures that come into play when promoting this somewhat new ideology. This publication covers over 50 years of research in the field in order to provide the best theoretical frameworks and empirical research to its readers. Professors, researchers, practitioners, and students will all benefit from the relevant discussions and diverse conclusions which are revealed in these chapters.

As economic growth continues to rise, so does economic degradation. Though certain rules and regulations do exist, pollution is fast becoming an unpaid factor of production, unlike the remunerations of labour and capital inputs. In this context, the environment is thus used as a factor of production which is not fully compensated. However, its use in the production process can be accurately captured by introducing emissions as an input in an aggregate production function, as Mihir Kumar Pal and other leading experts demonstrate. In a reverse approach, they examine the effect of emissions on industrial growth as opposed to that of growth on emissions, enhancing an awareness of this pivotal trade-off where the intersection between economy and environment currently needs it most. Offering both theoretical and empirical perspectives, The Impact of Environmental Emissions and Aggregate Economic Activity on Industry: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives is an insightful and original contribution to the sustainable development and economics canon.

According to recent estimates, about 1.5 billion people are affected by the conflict and instability that characterize fragile states, defined as those that are unable to fulfill basic state functions. This volume of The ANNALS addresses the questions of why and how some states succeed in becoming more robust, and others do not. Paving new ground in theory development, the articles in this volume explore factors that contribute to institution-building in fragile states through comparative case studies. Such factors include the limits (and benefits) of domestic and foreign aid; the impact of a state's historical strength; the impact of colonial and postcolonial interventions; and the political economy incentives for political leaders to sustain state fragility. Overall, the studies illustrate that aid has both positive and negative effects on institution-building in fragile states. Aid has the potential to contribute to state robustness through changing incentives and shaping institutional structures directly. However, aid can also weaken states, depending on a state's domestic institutional legacy and political dynamics. The studies call for more research into theories of institution-building to further enhance those that have been discussed in this volume of The ANNALS.

Drawing the attention of tourists to different destinations around the world assists in the overall economic health of the targeted region by increasing revenue and attracting investment opportunities, as well as increasing cultural awareness of the area's population. Strategic Branding Methodologies and Theory for Tourist Attraction investigates international perspectives and promotional strategies in the topic area of place branding. Highlighting theoretical concepts and marketing techniques being utilized in the endorsement of various destinations, regions, and cities around the world, this publication is a pivotal reference source for researchers, practitioners, policy makers, students, and professionals.

China's transition from a planned economy to a market economy has succeeded in producing more than a decade of phenomenal growth. Whilst similar reforms in countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have seen an initial downturn in production, usually with a significant rise in unemployment, the success of the approach taken by China has been remarkable. However, China embarked upon the process, without a well-designed blueprint at the outset. The resulting piecemeal, partial, incremental, and often experimental approach has proved complicated to implement - requiring a complex melding of politics and economics, internal and foreign affairs, government and market. How the difficult task of balancing the diverse array of often competing concerns has been achieved is the subject of this book, which examines the dismantling of the centrally planned system and the mechanism of institutional change in Chinese transition.

'Development Financing' tackles the complicated subject of how to aid and finance the development of LEDCs. The problem, according to the writers, has not been whether or not to negotiate, but rather where and what should be negotiated when it came to tackling third world debt. As the debate reaches a stand-off between the more economically developed and less economically developed countries, this book offers several sets of perspectives (in a selection of essays) on how to appropriately manage the thorny issues of development financing.

Having a grasp on what appeals to consumers and how consumers are making purchasing decisions is essential to the success of any organization that thrives by offering a product or service. Despite the importance of consumer knowledge and understanding, research-based insight into the buying patterns and consumption habits of individuals in emerging nations remains limited. The Handbook of Research on Consumerism and Buying Behavior in Developing Nations takes a critical look at the often overlooked opportunities available for driving consumer demand and interest in developing countries. Emphasizing the power of the consumer market in emerging economies and their overall role in the global market system, this edited volume features research-based perspectives on consumer perception, behavior, and relationship management across industries. This timely publication is an essential resource for marketing professionals, consumer researchers, international business strategists, scholars, and graduate-level students.

This book offers broad-gauged analyses of the causes, nature, and changing patterns of armed conflict in Africa as well as the reasons for these patterns. It also situates conflicts that have been haunting the African continent since the time of decolonization within the various theoretical schools such as "new war," "economic war," "neo-patrimonial," and "globalization." It begins with the premise that conflict constitutes one of the major impediments to Africa's socio-economic development and has made the continent's future looks relatively bleak. At the dawn of the twenty-first century, the international community has, once again, treated Africa as a hopeless continent. This is due, in part, to a number of political, military, and socio-economic problems, which have made the continent miss the path towards sustainable development. From the period of political independence in the 1960s to the immediate post-Cold War period, the African political landscape was dotted with many conflicts of different natures and intensity (low-intensity conflicts, civil wars, mass killings, and large-scale political violence). During the first four decades of political independence, there were about 80 forceful changes of government in Sub-Saharan Africa, while a large number of countries in that region witnessed various forms of conflicts. This collection assembles the work of distinguished African scholars who offer valuable new insights into the problem of political instability.

Most discussions of India's substantive economic growth since the 1990s tend to focus on national level statistics or on particular sectors such as the financial and call service sectors or on the pharmaceutical industry. But with a population of 1.2 billion, India demands to be treated like a collection of individual "countries, " rather than a unified nation. Ten of its states have populations equaling or exceeding that of the United Kingdom. If the state of Uttar Pradesh were a country, it would be the fourth largest, behind China, India, and the United States. These facts pointedly tell us that if we are to understand the ongoing experiment in economic reforms and poverty alleviation, we must study India at the level of the state. In this spirit, State Level Reforms and Growth and Development in Indian States provides the first-ever comprehensive analysis of growth at the highly diverse state level. The authors argue that when the national government loosened its stronghold on industry and services, state governments were able to shape the fortunes of their citizens through state-level policy reforms. Because of this, every Indian state experienced accelerated growth, unlike China during the first two decades of its development when the eastern half flourished as the western half lagged. Every Indian state has grown faster in the last decade than any other decade in the post-independence era. In fact, some of the poorest states, notably Bihar and Orissa, have been growing the fastest. Professors Panagariya and Chakraborty and Dr. Rao refute the common assumptions that growth has not occurred or that poverty has not been reduced in all Indian states. The recent reforms have also led to improved access in every state to basic amenities such as permanent houses, electricity, water, and sanitation. These accomplishments notwithstanding, regional inequality on a per capita basis has grown as well. Reforms in state-controlled sectors such as agriculture, industry, healthcare, and education have not advanced as far as some analysts previously predicted. The authors outline the reforms in these areas and draw on the experience of states that have successfully carried out some of them. The authors pay special attention to reforms in the areas of education and health while recognizing that the Indian constitution vests in the states much of this legislative and other authority and while considering the real absolute rise in income, literacy, and health status across all the states.

This book examines the underlying assumptions and implications of how we conceptualise and investigate poverty. The empirical entry point for such inquiry is a series of research initiatives that have used mixed method, combined qualitative and quantitative, or Q-Squared ( Q(2)) approaches, to poverty analysis. The Q(2) literature highlights the vast range of analytical tools within the social sciences that may be used to understand and explain social phenomena, along with interesting research results. This literature serves as a lens to probe issues about knowledge claims made in poverty debates concerning who are the poor (identification analysis) and why they are poor (causal analysis). Implicitly or explicitly, questions are raised about the reasons for emphasising different dimensions of poverty and favouring different units of knowledge, the basis for distinguishing valid and invalid claims, the meaning of causation, and the nature of causal inference, and so forth. Q(2) provides an entry point to address foundational issues about assumptions underlying approaches to poverty, and applied issues about the strengths and limitations of different research methods and the ways they may be fruitfully combined. Together, the strands of this inquiry make a case for methodological pluralism on the grounds that knowledge is partial, empirical adjudication imperfect, social phenomena complex, and mixed methods add value for understanding and explanation. Ultimately, the goals of understanding and explanation are best served if research questions dictate the choice of methodological approach rather than the other way around.

COVID-19 in the African Continent examines the development, achievements, and challenges that have resulted owing to COVID-19 pandemic and how these precarious socioeconomic situations are being managed in African countries. This book explores the range of interventions aimed at mitigating the effects of COVID-19 by offering an in-depth understanding of the disruptive impacts of COVID-19 on the African continent. This edited collection underscores the nature and effects of non-health-related challenges such as environmental complexities and possible solutions to socioeconomic shocks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic along with other social, political, and economic distortions. Providing readers with a profound insight of the critical societal consequences of these challenges in African economies, this book covers the macroeconomic policy approaches adopted by government and non-governmental organisations to boost post-COVID-19 recovery and enhance a systemic process to facilitate the prospects for addressing socioeconomic shocks across the continent.

The success of Korea has inspired numerous studies and research in the past decades. Despite good efforts to analyze the strategy of Korea, earlier studies have not been able to satisfactorily explain the country's "miraculous " growth. After thorough analysis of these earlier studies, a new model was developed to show that a country or firm does not have to be more innovative or possess more resources to have a competitive advantage over others. In The Strategy for Korea's Economic Success, Hwy-Chang Moon details four factors that comprise the ABCD model and illustrates how Korean government, corporations, and people have exemplified these factors in achieving their current level of success. The four factors are agility (speed + precision), benchmarking (learning + best practices), convergence (mixing + synergy), and dedication (diligence + goal-orientation), and together, they have enabled Korea's economic success and will continue to drive the next level of growth. Anyone can become more competitive with proper management of the ABCDs. Korea's development strategy holds special value, because it is more practical and appropriate for many developing countries. For more developed countries, on the other hand, the ABCDs can be used to fast-track the next phase of growth. This book also highlights the role of internationalization in broadening the scope of strategic choices, and shows how the combined implementation of internationalization and the ABCDs deepens pool of strategic resources.

India has one of the world's largest tribal populations. According to the 2011 census, the total tribal population was estimated at 8.6 percent in India. In Tamil Nadu, the tribal population is about 1.1 percent spread among six major primitive tribal communities. Consumption expenditure is one of the indicators of wellbeing and standard of living in households. This book focuses on the Malaiyali Tribe, which inhabits the Jawadhu hills. This tribal group lives below the poverty line, deriving main sources of income from seasonal agricultural and agricultural labor work. It also depends on secondary sources of income from gathering and selling forest-based products. The major objectives of the study are i) to identify factors influencing household income and expenditure patterns, and ii) to analyze income and expenditure patterns of scheduled tribe households. An appropriate study area will be chosen in the State of Tamil Nadu. The book aims to help understand tribal income and expenditure patterns, and it would be useful for designing further tribal livelihood programs in India and elsewhere.

Given the potential size of some of the markets involved and the comparative advantages in serving them, it is surprising to see a relative sparsity of airline activity in developing countries. Lack of suitable data, limited interest, and the comparatively small scale of aviation markets in many of these countries provide some of the explanations for this relative neglect. Airlines and Developing Countries works to address some of the key challenges that are confronting airlines and public policy makers, helping to fill a number of voids in our knowledge. The approaches of the various expert contributors offer a range of technical, empirical, historical, and institutional analyses that consider long-term patterns of economic development and look at how airlines have influenced this going back as far as the 1930s.

This volume of the International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics explores the latest economic and financial developments in Asia. Chapters cover a range of topics such as the consequences of green supply chain integration and environmental uncertainty on performance, along with the effects of perceived organisational support, transformational leadership, and teamwork on employee engagement. These peer-reviewed papers touch on a variety of timely, interdisciplinary subjects such as corporate social responsibility and the effects of public policy. Environmental, Social, and Governance Perspectives on Economic Development in Asia also includes empirical studies in financial economics and public governance. For example, one chapter analyses the impact of COVID-19 pandemic risk and lockdown on the Indian economy, while another empirically studies the influence of word of mouth variables on visits and re-visits for ecotourism in West Java. Together, ISETE 29 volume B, is a crucial resource of current, cutting-edge research for any scholar of international finance and economics.

This volume of the International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics explores the latest economic and financial developments in Asia. Chapters cover a range of topics such as the impact machine learning models have on forecasting, the levels and effects of financial literacy of farmers in Thailand, as well as the need to prioritise increasing employee engagement for sustainability. These peer-reviewed papers touch on a variety of timely, interdisciplinary subjects such as corporate social responsibility and the effects of public policy. Environmental, Social, and Governance Perspectives on Economic Development in Asia also includes empirical studies in financial economics and public governance. For example, one chapter considers the influence of green supply chain integration and environmental uncertainty on performance in Indonesia, while another empirically studies Banking Development and Household Welfare in Thailand. Together, ISETE 29 volume A, is a crucial resource of current, cutting-edge research for any scholar of international finance and economics.

Experienced author with an excellent reputation and publication track record. Wide ranging, advanced overview of the topic. Provides a broad ranging overview. Includes pedagogical features to facilitate further study. Freshly updated to include the latest developments including China's growing influence.