This book gathers the main scientific outputs related to POREEN, a four-year project on partnering opportunities between Europe and China in the renewable energy and environmental industries, financed by the European Commission. It investigates the main challenges and opportunities related to Sino-European cooperation in the green sector with a focus on sustainable growth. The first part of the book outlines the characteristics of Chinese and European cooperation, from a policy, macro and microeconomic point of view. It examines the key elements of green policy developed so far, bilateral trade flows, as well as bilateral investment flows. The second part presents an overview and recommendations on what legal framework is necessary to boost integration between Europe and China. In addition, corporate social responsibility and firm related aspects are considered. The third part of the book focuses on engineering-related research activity. It highlights the state of the art of Europe-China cooperation in key areas such as low carbon buildings, mobility and transportation that may have a huge potential impact on bilateral cooperation between Europe and China in the years ahead.

Dubbed Mr. Atomic Energy by Congressional colleagues and friends in recognition of his 28 years as a member and 10 years as House leader of the House-Senate Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (JCAE), Democratic Congressman Chet Holifield of California's 19th Congressional District served 32 years in Congress, from 1943 through 1974, and was a powerful figure in atomic energy matters. This first biography of Holifield, in chronicling the Congressman's significant role in the development and course of U.S. atomic energy programs and policies, also serves as a history of the formative period of this new force in national and international politics. An early champion of atomic energy, Holifield's efforts contributed to the establishment of the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 and earned him a place on the JCAE. His 1949 recommendation on the H-bomb led to the development of this new weapon nine months before the Russians. An ardent proponent of public power in the 1950s, Holifield opposed the premature involvement of private industry in the development of atomic power and urged increased government participation in that area; many of his recommendations were later authorized by the Atomic Energy Commission. Holifield supported the conversion of the Hanford, Washington N-reactor to electricity as well as plutonium production, criticized U.S. civil defense strategy as inadequate, and championed both peaceful use of atomic energy and a nuclear Navy. During the Nixon administration, in response to environmentalists opposition to further atomic power development, the Congressman took the unpopular position that trade-offs between safety concerns and the public's need for increased amounts of electrical power were necessary. He also sponsored legislation that divided the AEC into the Research and Development Administration and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, a move that affected the course of atomic energy development well beyond his retirement.

The first chapter is devoted to a biographical sketch of Holifield's life prior to his congressional career, while the remaining nine chapters trace his influence and contributions in atomic energy matters. The in-depth description of the Holifield Papers as well as the select bibliography will be of great value to scholars of atomic energy history. Serving as an introduction to the wide range of atomic energy topics and issues, this biography would be a significant addition to the reading lists for American history survey courses as well as being useful for seminars that have students investigate atomic energy history.

Norwegian deregulation was, together with the British model, a pioneer forerunner in the restructuring of European electricity industry. The Norwegian model, unlike the British, did not change ownership or structure, but relied heavily on a radical opening of the market way down to household consumers. It also developed a more advanced pool system based on actual bidding both on the supply and demand side, as well as triggering the first regional integrated competitive power market in the world. This book draws on a wide range of applied research and gives a summary of the Norwegian experience.

On May 26, 1958, the Shippingport, Pennsylvania, nuclear power station ushered in the age of the peaceful atom when it became the first nuclear power plant to go on-line. Throughout its more than three decades of operation, Shippingport encountered many of the crucial problems and issues that still confront nuclear power: policy formation, the role of government in technological innovation, technological management, environmental issues, breeder reactors, and the decommissioning of a nuclear plant. In an objective and nonprejudiced way, this book provides an accurate account of the important events in Shippingport's history and the role that they played in the future course of nuclear power. Unlike other general treatments of nuclear power, this volume presents a specific case history of one plant, with the major issues that influenced nuclear power analyzed in the context of both Shippingport and the nuclear industry as a whole. It draws on technical reports filed with the government, Congressional testimony by project head Hyman Rickover, interviews with participants in the Shippingport project, and relevant secondary sources to detail the history of one of the few successful government attempts to innovate energy technologies following World War II. The chapters trace the story of Shippingport from its beginnings, through construction, training, and management, to its final decommissioning. Other issues and influences, such as the AEC's reactor development policy and the plant's role in the adoption of the light water reactor, are also addressed. The book concludes with a general bibliography. This important new work will be a valuable resource for courses in the history of technology, public policy, technology and society, and technological management. It will also be an important addition to college, university, and public libraries.

A growing proportion of the world's population is dependent on Seawater Desalination as a source of fresh water for both potable and civil use. One of the main drawbacks of conventional desalination technologies is the substantial energy requirement, which is facing cost increases in the global energy market. "Seawater Desalination" presents an overview of conventional and non-conventional technologies, with a particular focus on the coupling of renewable energies with desalination processes.

The first section of this book presents, in a technical but reader-friendly way, an overview of currently-used desalination processes, from thermal to membrane processes, highlighting the relevant technical features, advantages and disadvantages, and development potential. It also gives a rapid insight into the economic aspects of fresh water production from seawater.

The second section of the book presents novel processes which use Renewable Energies for fresh water production. From the first solar still evaporators, which artificially reproduced the natural cycle of water, technology has progressed to develop complex systems to harness energy from the sun, wind, tides, waves, etc. and then to use this energy to power conventional or novel desalination processes. Most of these processes are still at a preliminary stage of development, but some are already being cited as examples in remote areas, where they are proving to be valuable in solving the problems of water scarcity.

A rapid growth in these technologies is foreseen in the coming years. This book provides a unique foundation, within the context of present and future sustainability, for professionals, technicians, managers, and private and public institutions operating in the area of fresh water supply.

This original analysis of the Middle East water problems highlights questions and issues which have so far only received minimal attention. The author develops a multi-layered account of the nature and causes of the conflict and the Pealestinian water crisis. Each chapter addresses a particular aspect of the Israeli-Palestine water conflict and the author uses these to illustrate both the broader nature of Israeli-Palestinian relations and factors that the existing water literature underplays or simply gets wrong. The book should interest students, scholars and practitioners in a wide range of disciplines including Middle East studies, politics and international relations, water policy, geography, environmental studies and environmental management.

This comprehensive book presents an accessible guide to Risk Management and Trading applications for the Electricity Markets in a practical manner. Various methodologies developed over the last few years are considered and current literature is reviewed. Fiorenzani emphasizes the relationships between trading, hedging and generation asset management. With its clear structure and well researched text, this is an invaluable asset to Investment Professionals, Research Analysts, Energy CEO's & Risk Management Professionals. It would also be an invaluable text for postgraduates in energy finance.

This book provides a framework for analyzing and forecasting a variety of mineral and energy markets and related industries. Such modeling activity has been at the forefront of the economic and engineering professions for some time, having received a major stimulus fC?llowing the first oil price shock in 1973. Since that time, other shocks have affected these markets and industries, causing disequilibrium economic adjustments which are difficult to analyze and to predict. Moreover, geopolitics remains an important factor which can destabilize crude oil markets and associated refining industries. Mineral and energy modeling, consequently, has become a major interest of energy-related corporations, mining and drilling companies, metal manufacturers, public utilities, investment banks, . national government agencies and international organizations. This book hopes to advance mineral and energy modeling as follows: (1) The modeling process is presented sequentially by leading the model builder from model specification, estimation, simulation, and validation to practical model applications, including explaining history, analyzing policy, and market and price forecasting; (2) New developments in modeling approaches are presented which encompass econometric market and industry models, spatial equilibrium and programming models, optimal resource depletion models, input-output models, economic sector models, and macro oriented energy interaction models (including computable general equilibrium); (3) The verification and application of the models is considered not only individually but also in relation to the performance of alternative modeling approaches; and (4) The modeling framework includes a perspective on new directions, so that the present model building advice will extend into the future."

Crude Domination is an innovative and important book about a critical topic - oil. While there have been numerous works about petroleum from 'experience-far' perspectives, there have been relatively few that have turned the 'experience-near' ethnographic gaze of anthropology on the topic. Crude Domination does just this among more peoples and more places than any other volume. Its chapters investigate nuances of culture, politics and economics in Africa, Latin America, and Eurasia as they pertain to petroleum. They wrestle with the key questions vexing scholars and practitioners alike: problems of the economic blight of the resource curse, underdevelopment, democracy, violence and war. Additionally they address topics that may initially appear insignificant - such as child witches and lionmen, fighting for oil when there is no oil, reindeer nomadism, community TV - but which turn out on closer scrutiny to be vital for explaining conflict and transformation in petro-states. Based upon these rich, new worlds of information, the text formulates a novel, domination approach to the social analysis of oil.

Petrocinema presents a collection of essays concerning the close relationship between the oil industry and modern media-especially film. Since the early 1920s, oil extracting companies such as Standard Oil, Royal Dutch/Shell, ConocoPhillips, or Statoil have been producing and circulating moving images for various purposes including research and training, safety, process observation, or promotion. Such industrial and sponsored films include documentaries, educationals, and commercials that formed part of a larger cultural project to transform the image of oil exploitation, creating media interfaces that would allow corporations to coordinate their goals with broader cultural and societal concerns. Falling outside of the domain of conventional cinema, such films firmly belong to an emerging canon of sponsored and educational film and media that has developed over the past decade. Contributing to this burgeoning field of sponsored and educational film scholarship, chapters in this book bear on the intersecting cultural histories of oil extraction and media history by looking closely at moving image imaginaries of the oil industry, from the earliest origins or "spills" in the 20th century to today's post industrial "petromelancholia."

The economics of the world's petroleum industry are outlined, the nature and significance of the large international firm are described, and the history of the oil industry, the operation of the major oil companies, prices in the industry, and the economics of developing countries are all covered.

Energy security has become a central concern for all the countries in the Asian region and the search for sufficient sources of energy to fuel economic growth has drastically influenced relations among the South Asian countries as well as their respective relations with their neighbours China, Myanmar, Iran, and Afghanistan. The recent nuclear deal between India and the US is also indicative of how energy and power politics are linked and how these new inter-linkages underlie relations between states. This book aims to give a South Asian perspective on the geopolitics of energy, with a central focus on India. The chapters address how India's global and regional foreign policy making has changed in light of India's search for energy and how this is affecting the relationship on a global level between India and the US, as well as on a regional level between India and the other Asian countries. The book also offers views from Pakistan and Bangladesh, as well as how this shifting reality is affecting relations between India and Southeast Asia.

Suitable for self-study or for in-company one-to-one or group teaching, this title presents an essential resource for improving communication in English within the gas and electricity industries.

It is widely assumed that our consumer society can move from using fossil fuels to using renewable energy sources while maintaining the high levels of energy use to which we have become accustomed. This book details the reasons why this almost unquestioned assumption is seriously mistaken. It challenges fundamental assumptions and stimulates the discussion about our common future in a way that will be of interest to professionals and lay-readers alike.

The books in this set, originally published between 1927 and 1996 discuss the oil industry and its impact on the world economy in the twentieth century. The issues of trade, tax and energy policies as well as national security are all relevant to the economics politics of oil and the volumes analyse and discuss: The extent to which American dominance in world affairs is based on the control of oil resources and the changes which will inevitably take place with the end of the oil era. Discernible trends in such crucial areas as global petroleum supply and pricing, and the international economic and political implications of both. The role of wealth maximisation, and wealth satisficing The impact of North Sea oil and gas on the British economy. Relations between oil exporters and importers, and between the USA, Europe and the Arab world The most important strategic issues facing both the producers and consumers of oil and gas.

This book investigates the role of governmental and non-governmental actors in energy-environment decision making. An examination of the trade-offs between various energy options which are currently before policymakers in both Canada and the United States focuses on the environmental and economic consequences of public and private choices which face leaders in both countries as well. Whether the existing regulatory environment will prove feasible and/or desirable under the new Canada United States Free Trade Agreement is also discussed.

Some of the questions the authors explore include: How do we assign costs and benefits to alternative energy strategies without underestimating the importance of environmental factors? What types of regulatory regimes should both countries strive for in order to foster a good balance between environmental protection and economic growth? What kinds of political processes should be instituted to allow for more effective energy/environmental policy choices in both countries? This book will be of interest to students and scholars concerned with the environment and interested in Canada-United States relations.

A European Legal Framework for Nuclear Liability discusses nuclear liability and the interplay of the different stakeholders involved in the nuclear sector. It highlights shortcomings of the current liability regimes, suggests alternatives and calls for a more active role of the European Union in the area of nuclear liability. Contrary to existing literature, it refocuses the discussion of nuclear liability in the European Union away from the Euratom Treaty, arguing that the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union could also provide a sufficient legal basis for a European nuclear liability regime.The book presents a proposal for a harmonised European liability regime and discusses possibilities to enhance the feasibility of such a reform. It calls for a stronger involvement of the public in the nuclear sector and emphasises the intrinsic link between effective safety regulation and liability and compensation mechanisms. It also describes the need to find ways in which safety regulation and liability rules can mutually reinforce each other.This book sets out the regulation of nuclear energy and pressing legal questions to do with the commercial exploitation of nuclear energy. Equally it will be of interest for government officials, policy advisors, environmental agencies and other practitioners in the nuclear sector.

Sustainable energy services to customers - a balanced choice and coordination of energy generated by traditional and alternative sources - are the subject of this new innovative book. The myriad factors involved in modeling an effective sustainable power system are overwhelming. The Green Islands project represents a decade of work by over a dozen researchers who have developed a model designed to utilize the potential of distributed clean resources. The key is the proper use of Information Technology (IT).Sited on two islands in the Azores, the project developed the model of careful forecasting of demand and supply, down to the minute, coordinating the output of conventional power plants, wind energy, fly wheels, hydroelectricity, demand reduction, and even plug-in electric vehicles to take full advantage of the clean resources available. The energy contingencies of the remote islands are not unique. The issues of integrating promising clean technologies, such as wind, into a complex power grid are challenging in geographically far-flung, island-scale, power systems.
Model-based sensing, communications, and decision-making algorithms to coordinate adaptive load management (ALM) could enable customers to utilize just-in-time (JIT), just-in-place (JIP), and just-in-context (JIC) energy resources. The distribution of flexible and efficient energy to customers is the goal. The model the authors have developed could change the way power portfolios are built. A new perspective for optimization of green energy is presented in this book. Additional data provided online via Springer represents a repository of real-world electric energy systems and its IT-enabled smarts."

The Energy Reserves of the Caspian Region have been hailed as the new 'Middle East.' This book offers a thorough assessment of its energy resources and the nature of the international politics that surround them. This volume presents a unique study of the various dimensions of Caspian energy, ranging from the geopolitical to the economic, technical, religious, and political.

Transport Pricing of Electricity Networks aims at providing a methodological and practical transmission tariff guide, to those who are involved in the electricity business as managers, engineers, lawyers, economists, regulators or policy-makers, but are not specialists in electricity transport, nor in tariff-setting for public utilities. It offers a synthesis of the recent economic research on the subject. The volume is divided into three major parts, each presenting a general aspect of transmission pricing: its legal and accounting background, its basic theory, and its implementation, successively.
How much does it cost to transmit electricity from a nuclear plant close to Lyon in France, to a car manufacturer located in Stuttgart in Germany? What price should a system operator in Canada charge a pulp and paper mill that uses the high-voltage grid for only a few weeks per year? Where in California is it more profitable to reinforce or build a new transmission line? What is the best place to locate a power gas station in England, in order to pay the lowest transmission cost? Such questions are novel and crucial for American and European liberalised electricity markets. Transport Pricing of Electricity Networks shows how the economics toolbox can be used to answer them.

The complexity and volatility of energy markets creates strong demand for quantitative analysis and econometric techniques. This book offers an introduction to the state of the art in econometric modelling applied to the most pertinent issues in today's energy markets for a better understanding of the working of energy systems and energy economics.

Today’s need-to-know optimization techniques, at your fingertips

The use of optimization methods is familiar territory to academicians and researchers. Yet, in today’s world of deregulated electricity markets, it’s just as important for electric power professionals to have a solid grasp of these increasingly relied upon techniques.

Making those techniques readily accessible is the hallmark of Optimization Principles: Practical Applications to the Operation and Markets of the Electric Power Industry.

With deregulation, market rules and economic principles dictate that commodities be priced at the marginal value of their production. As a result, it’s necessary to work with ever-more-sophisticated algorithms using optimization techniques–either for the optimal dispatch of the system itself, or for pricing commodities and the settlement of markets. Succeeding in this new environment takes a good understanding of methods that involve linear and nonlinear optimization, including optimal power flow, locational marginal prices for energy, and the auction of hedging instruments.

In its comprehensive, skill-building overview of optimization techniques, Optimization Principles puts you on the same footing with algorithm-savvy software developers. Starting with a helpful look at matrix algebra fundamentals, this just-in-time reference covers:

• Deregulated electricity markets: terminology and acronyms
• Solution of equations, inequalities, and linear programs
• Unconstrained and constrained nonlinear optimization
• Applications to practical problems addressing system dispatch, market design, and material procurement
• And related topics

As an aid to the uninitiated, appendices provide a brief description of basic principles of electricity, and the development of network equations.

Optimization Principles allows you to learn optimization methods at your own pace using Microsoft Excel or MATLAB software, and it includes an FTP web site with downloadable Excel spreadsheets and problems. After mastering these practical applications, you can then refer to chapters that highlight the theoretical background of the algorithms and resulting solutions. The book also includes a Web site with downloadable files of all example problems and solved problems.

Ideal for engineers, other electric power professionals, and advanced engineering students, Optimization Principles demystifies the electric power industry under deregulation–and delivers a complete, learn-as-you-go tutorial of optimization techniques that no other resource can match.

The writing of this book was largely motivated by the ongoing unprecedented world-wide restructuring of the power industry. This move away from the traditional monopolies and toward greater competition, in the form of increased numbers of independent power producers and an unbundling of the main services that were until now provided by the utilities, has been building up for over a decade. This change was driven by the large disparities in electricity tariffs across regions, by technological developments that make it possible for small producers to compete with large ones, and by a widely held belief that competition will be beneficial in a broad sense. All of this together with the political will to push through the necessary legislative reforms has created a climate conducive to restructuring in the electric power industry. Consequently, since the beginning of this decade dramatic changes have taken place in an ever-increasing list of nations, from the pioneering moves in the United Kingdom, Chile and Scandinavia, to today's highly fluid power industry throughout North and South America, as well as in the European Community. The drive to restructure and take advantage of the potential economic benefits has, in our view, forced the industry to take actions and make choices at a hurried pace, without the usual deliberation and thorough analysis of possible implications. We must admit that to speak of "the industry" at this juncture is perhaps disingenuous, even misleading.