|
Books > Earth & environment > The environment > Environmental impact of natural disasters & phenomena
In 2011, despite continued developments in forecasting,
tracking, and warning technology, the United States was hit by the
deadliest tornado season in decades. More than 1,200 tornadoes
touched down, shattering communities and their safety nets, and
killing more than 500 people--a death toll unmatched since
1953.Drawing on the unique analysis described in their first book,
"Economic and Societal Impacts of Tornadoes," economists Kevin M.
Simmons and Daniel Sutter here examine the factors that contributed
to the outcomes of such tornadoes as the mid-April outbreak that
devastated communities in North Carolina, the "Super Outbreak"
across the southern and eastern United States in late April, and
the single, mile-wide funnel that touched down in Joplin, Missouri,
in late May. In the course of their study the authors identify
patterns and anomalies, and reconsider previous assertions about
the effectiveness of the Doppler radar and storm warning systems.
Their conclusions, as well their assessment of early recovery
efforts, are aimed at helping community leaders and policy-makers
keep vulnerable populations safer in the future.
This publication discusses lessons learned from and achievements of
the Integrated Disaster Risk Management (IDRM) Fund in supporting
ADB technical assistance projects in Southeast Asian developing
member countries. The Government of Canada and ADB established the
IDRM Fund in February 2013 to advance proactive integrated disaster
risk management measures on a regional basis in Cambodia,
Indonesia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, the
Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. The IDRM Fund funded 19
technical assistance projects with a gender-focused approach to
IDRM and reflecting regional solutions that produce cross-border
disaster management.
Many countries are increasingly threatened by major landslide
disasters and fatalities due to extreme weather events which have
major implications for public safety and the sustainability of
infrastructure and the built environment. A further increase in
such a trend could come from climate change. This book helps to
fill in the gap due to the fact that landslide hazards are commonly
not covered under the policy debate on climate change. The book
highlights the importance of raising awareness to the challenges of
landslide hazards due to climate impact. It provides a holistic
frame for understanding the key issues and new tools that could be
used to assess and manage the landslide risks. The book gathers
contributions from 21 countries and regions in the form of national
reports or summaries with respect to four key aspects: a) the
methods used for evaluating changing weather and changing landslide
patterns; b) the changing weather patterns; c) the changing
landslide patterns and hazard scenarios; d) the applications to
risk management and the formulation of adaptation measures.
Recommendations are made for enhanced preparedness and resilience.
Improved crisis management and areas for future work are suggested.
The Asian tsunami in December 2004 severely affected people in
coastal regions all around the Indian Ocean. This book provides the
first in-depth ethnography of the disaster and its effects on a
fishing village in Tamil Nadu, India. The author explores how the
villagers have lived with the tsunami in the years succeeding it
and actively worked to gradually regain a sense of certainty and
confidence in their environment in the face of disempowering
disaster. What appears is a remarkable local recovery process in
which the survivors have interwoven the tsunami and the everyday in
a series of subtle practices and theorisations, resulting in a
complex and continuous recreation of village life. By showing the
composite nature of the tsunami as an event, the book adds new
theoretical insight into the anthropology of natural disaster and
recovery.
There are many connections between human communities and their
surrounding environments that influence community resilience and
health in the Gulf of Mexico. The impacts of the Deepwater Horizon
oil spill on Gulf communities and ecosystems - coupled with the
region's preexisting health challenges and environmental stressors
- illustrate the need to better understand these connections. In
the future, natural and man-made disasters, climate change impacts,
and other environmental stressors will present complex challenges
to the physical, mental, and social well-being of communities in
the Gulf. Understanding the interrelationships among health,
ecological, and economic impacts of disasters and other
environmental stressors will be crucial to addressing these
challenges. Opportunities for the Gulf Research Program: Community
Resilience and Health summarizes a Gulf Research Program workshop
held on September 22-23, 2014, in New Orleans, Louisiana. The
workshop examined opportunities to improve the health, well-being,
and resilience of communities in the Gulf region through
discussions with about 50 participants with diverse expertise and
experience. These discussions identified perceived needs,
challenges, and opportunities that align with the Gulf Research
Program's mission and goals - particularly its goal to improve
understanding of the connections between human health and the
environment to support the development of health and resilient Gulf
communities. This workshop is expected to lead to the development
of additional Program activities and opportunities for the research
community. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Human
Health, Public Health Practice, and Community Resilience 3
Perspectives on Resilient Communities 4 Reducing Risk and Improving
Disaster Recovery 5 Building Resilience in the Gulf Region 6
Capacity to Address Environmental Health Risks 7 Long-term
Opportunities 8 Lasting Benefit References A--Workshop Agenda
B--Statement of Task C--Speaker Biographies D--Workshop Attendees
E--Related Funding Programs
David Strohmaier's long career as a firefighter has given him
intimate knowledge of wildfire and its complex role in the natural
world of the American West. It has also given him rare
understanding of the painful losses that are a consequence of fire.
Strohmaier addresses our ambivalence about fire and the realities
of loss to it. He also examines the process of renewal that is yet
another consequence of such destruction, from the infusion of
essential nutrients into the soil, to the sprouting of seeds that
depend on intense heat for germination, to the renewal of species
as the land restores itself. ""Drift Smoke"" is a powerful and
moving meditation on wildfire by someone who has seen it in all its
terror and beauty, who has lost colleagues and beloved terrain to
its ferocity, and who has also seen new life sprouting in the
ashes. The debate over the role and control of fire in the West
will not end soon, but Strohmaier's contribution to the debate will
help us to better appreciate both the complexity of the issues and
the possibilities of fresh solutions.
This book addresses disaster risk reduction (DRR) policies,
focusing on reducing the paradox that exists between the compulsory
implementation of DRR policies and continuing limitations The
authors use their knowledge of the ever-evolving threats associated
with disasters and their prevention to investigate this famous
paradox and propose solutions that will help readers understand and
reconsider its existence. The authors also discuss conditionings
behind this paradox, helping readers understand the existing
solutions, also suggesting how to reduce the limitations of DRR
policies.
In this fifth volume of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's
Culture of Health series, Community Resilience: Equitable Practices
for an Uncertain Future highlights the importance of resilience, or
the set of assets that allow a person or place to recover when
adversity hits, by illustrating the policies and stories of lived
experience surrounding health equity. Whether that adversity is
acute-such as an environmental disaster or an abuse of police
power-or chronic-such as that engendered by poverty and
racism-local innovation and community engagement are key to
nurturing resilience and promoting health equity. Community
Resilience positions storytelling and narrative shifts as essential
to influencing our perceptions of who deserves empathy or support,
and who does not, by examining the systemic barriers to resilience
and the opportunities to reshape the landscape to overcome those
barriers. The central message of this volume-across immigration or
imprisonment, opioids or trauma, housing or disaster
preparedness-is that we must act intentionally and allow a shift in
power in order to make progress.
|
|