The study of nonlinear dynamical systems has been gathering momentum since the late 1950s. It now constitutes one of the major research areas of modern theoretical physics. The twin themes of fractals and chaos, which are linked by attracting sets in chaotic systems that are fractal in structure, are currently generating a great deal of excitement. The degree of structure robustness in the presence of stochastic and quantum noise is thus a topic of interest. Chaos, Noise and Fractals discusses the role of fractals in quantum mechanics, the influence of phase noise in chaos and driven optical systems, and the arithmetic of chaos. The book represents a balanced overview of the field and is a worthy addition to the reading lists of researchers and students interested in any of the varied, and sometimes bizarre, aspects of this intriguing subject.

In the 50 years since Mandelbrot identified the fractality of coastlines, mathematicians and physicists have developed a rich and beautiful theory describing the interplay between analytic, geometric and probabilistic aspects of the mathematics of fractals. Using classical and abstract analytic tools developed by Cantor, Hausdorff, and Sierpinski, they have sought to address fundamental questions: How can we measure the size of a fractal set? How do waves and heat travel on irregular structures? How are analysis, geometry and stochastic processes related in the absence of Euclidean smooth structure? What new physical phenomena arise in the fractal-like settings that are ubiquitous in nature?This book introduces background and recent progress on these problems, from both established leaders in the field and early career researchers. The book gives a broad introduction to several foundational techniques in fractal mathematics, while also introducing some specific new and significant results of interest to experts, such as that waves have infinite propagation speed on fractals. It contains sufficient introductory material that it can be read by new researchers or researchers from other areas who want to learn about fractal methods and results.

Written for researchers and developers applying Integrated Function Systems in the creation of fractal images, this book presents a modification of a widely used probabilistic algorithm for generating IFS-encoded images. The book also includes a discussion of how IFS techniques can be applied to produce animated motion pictures.

A leading pioneer in the field offers practical applications of this innovative science. Peters describes complex concepts in an easy-to-follow manner for the non-mathematician. He uses fractals, rescaled range analysis and nonlinear dynamical models to explain behavior and understand price movements. These are specific tools employed by chaos scientists to map and measure physical and now, economic phenomena.

The aim of the Expositions is to present new and important developments in pure and applied mathematics. Well established in the community over more than two decades, the series offers a large library of mathematical works, including several important classics. The volumes supply thorough and detailed expositions of the methods and ideas essential to the topics in question. In addition, they convey their relationships to other parts of mathematics. The series is addressed to advanced readers interested in a thorough study of the subject. Editorial Board Lev Birbrair, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brasil Walter D. Neumann, Columbia University, New York, USA Markus J. Pflaum, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Dierk Schleicher, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany Katrin Wendland, University of Freiburg, Germany Honorary Editor Victor P. Maslov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Titles in planning include Yuri A. Bahturin, Identical Relations in Lie Algebras (2019) Yakov G. Berkovich, Lev G. Kazarin, and Emmanuel M. Zhmud', Characters of Finite Groups, Volume 2 (2019) Jorge Herbert Soares de Lira, Variational Problems for Hypersurfaces in Riemannian Manifolds (2019) Volker Mayer, Mariusz Urbanski, and Anna Zdunik, Random and Conformal Dynamical Systems (2021) Ioannis Diamantis, Bostjan Gabrovsek, Sofia Lambropoulou, and Maciej Mroczkowski, Knot Theory of Lens Spaces (2021)

In the last ten to fifteen years there have been many important developments in the theory of integrable equations. This period is marked in particular by the strong impact of soliton theory in many diverse areas of mathematics and physics; for example, algebraic geometry (the solution of the Schottky problem), group theory (the discovery of quantum groups), topology (the connection of Jones polynomials with integrable models), and quantum gravity (the connection of the KdV with matrix models). This is the first book to present a comprehensive overview of these developments. Numbered among the authors are many of the most prominent researchers in the field.

Nigel Hitchin is one of the world's foremost figures in the fields of differential and algebraic geometry and their relations with mathematical physics, and he has been Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford since 1997. Geometry and Physics: A Festschrift in honour of Nigel Hitchin contain the proceedings of the conferences held in September 2016 in Aarhus, Oxford, and Madrid to mark Nigel Hitchin's 70th birthday, and to honour his far-reaching contributions to geometry and mathematical physics. These texts contain 29 articles by contributors to the conference and other distinguished mathematicians working in related areas, including three Fields Medallists. The articles cover a broad range of topics in differential, algebraic and symplectic geometry, and also in mathematical physics. These volumes will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in geometry and mathematical physics.

This book collects significant contributions from the fifth conference on Fractal Geometry and Stochastics held in Tabarz, Germany, in March 2014. The book is divided into five topical sections: geometric measure theory, self-similar fractals and recurrent structures, analysis and algebra on fractals, multifractal theory, and random constructions. Each part starts with a state-of-the-art survey followed by papers covering a specific aspect of the topic. The authors are leading world experts and present their topics comprehensibly and attractively. Both newcomers and specialists in the field will benefit from this book.

There has been an increasing interest in the statistical analysis of geometric objects and structures in many branches of science and engineering in recent years. The aim of this book is to present these statistical methods for practical use by non-mathematicians by outlining the mathematical ideas rather than concentrating on detailed proofs. The clarity of exposition ensures that the book will be a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in many scientific disciplines who wish to use these methods in their work. In particular, the book is suited to materials scientists, geologists, environmental scientists, and biologists.

Number theory, spectral geometry, and fractal geometry are interlinked in this in-depth study of the vibrations of fractal strings, that is, one-dimensional drums with fractal boundary. Throughout Geometry, Complex Dimensions and Zeta Functions, Second Edition, new results are examined and a new definition of fractality as the presence of nonreal complex dimensions with positive real parts is presented. The new final chapter discusses several new topics and results obtained since the publication of the first edition.

Fractalize That! A Visual Essay on Statistical Geometry brings a new class of geometric fractals to a wider audience of mathematicians and scientists. It describes a recently discovered random fractal space-filling algorithm. Connections with tessellations and known fractals such as Sierpinski are developed. And, the mathematical development is illustrated by a large number of colorful images that will charm the readers.The algorithm claims to be universal in scope, in that it can fill any spatial region with smaller and smaller fill regions of any shape. The filling is complete in the limit of an infinite number of fill regions. This book presents a descriptive development of the subject using the traditional shapes of geometry such as discs, squares, and triangles. It contains a detailed mathematical treatment of all that is currently known about the algorithm, as well as a chapter on software implementation of the algorithm.The mathematician will find a wealth of interesting conjectures supported by numerical computation. Physicists are offered a model looking for an application. The patterns generated are often quite interesting as abstract art. Readers can also create these computer-generated art with the advice and examples provided.

'The book is well-illustrated, earlier chapters with monochrome portraits of Mandelbrot, his family and those who influenced him, and later ones with striking colour pictures not only of the Mandelbrot set and other computer generated fractals, but also of aEURO~realaEURO (TM) fractals including cloud formations and rural and mountain scenes ... This celebration of MandelbrotaEURO (TM)s scientific life is largely based on interviews that the author had with him when making films on his work ... A challenge for historians of mathematics and science in coming years will be to produce a more broadly contextual and rounded account of the advent of fractals.'London Math SocietyThe time is right, following Benoit Mandelbrot's death in 2010, to publish this landmark book about the life and work of this maverick math genius.This compact book celebrates the life and achievements of Benoit Mandelbrot with the ideas of fractals presented in a way that can be understood by the interested lay-person. Mathematics is largely avoided. Instead, Mandelbrot's ideas and insights are described using a combination of intuition and pictures. The early part of the book is largely biographical, but it portrays well how Mandelbrot's life and ideas developed and led to the fractal notions that are surveyed in the latter parts of the book.

Concepts and methods of fractal geometry penetrate various branches of human knowledge to an increasing degree. This tendency is particularly striking in the geosciences, because many processes occurring in and on the Earth result in time dependences and spatial patterns that have a fractal character. The contributions in this volume arose from the "3rd International Symposium on Fractals and Dynamic Systems in Geosciences," held at Stara Lesna, Slovakia in June, 1997. The volume contains new ideas and applications of fractal geometry in such diverse branches of geoscience as engineering geology, the physics of the lithosphere (including faulting, seismicity, and fluid flow), and climate behavior.

Developed and class-tested by a distinguished team of authors at two universities, this text is intended for courses in nonlinear dynamics in either mathematics or physics. The only prerequisites are calculus, differential equations, and linear algebra. Along with discussions of the major topics, including discrete dynamical systems, chaos, fractals, nonlinear differential equations and bifurcations, the text also includes Lab Visits -- short reports that illustrate relevant concepts from the physical, chemical and biological sciences. There are Computer Experiments throughout the text that present opportunities to explore dynamics through computer simulations, designed for use with any software package. And each chapter ends with a Challenge, guiding students through an advanced topic in the form of an extended exercise.

UNDERSTANDING NONLINEAR DYNAMICS is based on an undergraduate course taught for many years to students in the biological sciences. The text provides a clear and accessible development of many concepts from contemporary dynamics, including stability and multistability, cellular automata and excitable media, fractals, cycles, and chaos. A chapter on time-series analysis builds on this foundation to provide an introduction to techniques for extracting information about dynamics from data. The text will be useful for courses offered in the life sciences or other applied science programs, or as a supplement to emphasize the application of subjects presented in mathematics or physics courses. Extensive examples are derived from the experimental literature, and numerous exercise sets can be used in teaching basic mathematical concepts and their applications. Concrete applications of the mathematics are illustrated in such areas as biochemistry, neurophysiology, cardiology, and ecology. The text also provides an entry point for researchers not familiar with mathematics but interested in applications of nonlinear dynamics to the life sciences.

There are many reasons for writing this first volume of strategic activities on fractals. The most pervasive is the compelling desire to provide students of mathematics with a set of accessible, hands-on experiences with fractals and their underlying mathematical principles and characteristics. Another is to show how fractals connect to many different aspects of mathematics and how the study of fractals can bring these ideas together. A third is to share the beauty of their structure and shape both through what the eye sees and what the mind visualizes. Fractals have captured the attention, enthusiasm, and interest of many people around the world. To the casual observer, their color, beauty, and geometric structure captivates the visual senses like few other things they have ever experienced in mathematics. To the computer scientist, fractals offer a rich environment in which to explore, create, and build a new visual world as an artist creating a new work. To the student, fractals bring mathematics out of past history and into the twenty-first century. To the mathematics teacher, fractals offer a unique, new opportunity to illustrate both the dynamics of mathematics and its many connecting links.

The book is characterized by the illustration of cases of fractal, self-similar and multi-scale structures taken from the mechanics of solid and porous materials, which have a technical interest. In addition, an accessible and self-consistent treatment of the mathematical technique of fractional calculus is provided, avoiding useless complications.

From Newton to Mandelbrot takes the student on a tour of the most important landmarks of theoretical physics: classical, quantum, and statistical mechanics, relativity, electrodynamics, and, the most modern and exciting of all, the physics of fractals. The treatment is confined to the essentials of each area, and short computer programs, numerous problems, and beautiful color illustrations round off this unusual textbook. Ideally suited for a one-year course in theoretical physics it will also prove useful in preparing and revising for exams. This edition is corrected and includes a new appendix on elementary particle physics, answers to all short questions, and a diskette where a selection of executable programs exploring the fractal concept can be found.

Nature is full of spidery patterns: lightning bolts, coastlines, nerve cells, termite tunnels, bacteria cultures, root systems, forest fires, soil cracking, river deltas, galactic distributions, mountain ranges, tidal patterns, cloud shapes, sequencing of nucleotides in DNA, cauliflower, broccoli, lungs, kidneys, the scraggly nerve cells that carry signals to and from your brain, the branching arteries and veins that make up your circulatory system. These and other similar patterns in nature are called natural fractals or random fractals. This chapter contains activities that describe random fractals. There are two kinds of fractals: mathematical fractals and natural (or random) fractals. A mathematical fractal can be described by a mathematical formula. Given this formula, the resulting structure is always identically the same (though it may be colored in different ways). In contrast, natural fractals never repeat themselves; each one is unique, different from all others. This is because these processes are frequently equivalent to coin-flipping, plus a few simple rules. Nature is full of random fractals. In this book you will explore a few of the many random fractals in Nature. Branching, scraggly nerve cells are important to life (one of the patterns on the preceding pages). We cannot live without them. How do we describe a nerve cell? How do we classify different nerve cells? Each individual nerve cell is special, unique, different from every other nerve cell. And yet our eye sees that nerve cells are similar to one another.

"Fractals in Biology and Medicine" explores the potential of fractal geometry for describing and understanding biological organisms, their development and growth as well as their structural design and functional properties. It extends these notions to assess changes associated with disease in the hope to contribute to the understanding of pathogenetic processes in medicine. The book is the first comprehensive presentation of the importance of the new concept of fractal geometry for biological and medical sciences. It collates in a logical sequence extended papers based on invited lectures and free communications presented at a symposium in Ascona, Switzerland, attended by leading scientists in this field, among them the originator of fractal geometry, Benoit Mandelbrot. "Fractals in Biology and Medicine" begins by asking how the theoretical construct of fractal geometry can be applied to biomedical sciences and then addresses the role of fractals in the design and morphogenesis of biological organisms as well as in molecular and cell biology. The consideration of fractal structure in understanding metabolic functions and pathological changes is a particularly promising avenue for future research.

This book is composed of two texts, by R.L. Dobrushin and S. Kusuoka, each representing the content of a course of lectures given by the authors. They are pitched at graduate student level and are thus very accessible introductions to their respective subjects for students and non specialists. CONTENTS: R.L. Dobrushin: On the Way to the Mathematical Foundations of Statistical Mechanics.- S. Kusuoka: Diffusion Processes on Nested Fractals.

The same factors that motivated the writing of our first volume of strategic activities on fractals continued to encourage the assembly of additional activities for this second volume. Fractals provide a setting wherein students can enjoy hands-on experiences that involve important mathematical content connected to a wide range of physical and social phenomena. The striking graphic images, unexpected geometric properties, and fascinating numerical processes offer unparalleled opportunity for enthusiastic student inquiry. Students sense the vigor present in the growing and highly integrative discipline of fractal geom etry as they are introduced to mathematical developments that have occurred during the last half of the twentieth century. Few branches of mathematics and computer science offer such a contem porary portrayal of the wonderment available in careful analysis, in the amazing dialogue between numeric and geometric processes, and in the energetic interaction between mathematics and other disciplines. Fractals continue to supply an uncommon setting for animated teaching and learn ing activities that focus upon fundamental mathematical concepts, connections, problem-solving techniques, and many other major topics of elementary and advanced mathematics. It remains our hope that, through this second volume of strategic activities, readers will find their enjoyment of mathematics heightened and their appreciation for the dynamics of the world in creased. We want experiences with fractals to enliven curiosity and to stretch the imagination."

Addressed to all readers with an interest in fractals, hyperspaces, fixed-point theory, tilings and nonstandard analysis, this book presents its subject in an original and accessible way complete with many figures. The first part of the book develops certain hyperspace theory concerning the Hausdorff metric and the Vietoris topology, as a foundation for what follows on self-similarity and fractality. A major feature is that nonstandard analysis is used to obtain new proofs of some known results much more slickly than before. The theory of J.E. Hutchinson's invariant sets (sets composed of smaller images of themselves) is developed, with a study of when such a set is tiled by its images and a classification of many invariant sets as either regular or residual. The last and most original part of the book introduces the notion of a "view" as part of a framework for studying the structure of sets within a given space. This leads to new, elegant concepts (defined purely topologically) of self-similarity and fractality: in particular, the author shows that many invariant sets are "visually fractal," i.e. have infinite detail in a certain sense. These ideas have considerable scope for further development, and a list of problems and lines of research is included.

Fractal geometry has become popular in the last 15 years, its applications can be found in technology, science, or even arts. Fractal methods and formalism are seen today as a general, abstract, but nevertheless practical instrument for the description of nature in a wide sense. But it was Computer Graphics which made possible the increasing popularity of fractals several years ago, and long after their mathematical formulation. The two disciplines are tightly linked. The book contains the scientificcontributions presented in an international workshop in the "Computer Graphics Center" in Darmstadt, Germany. The target of the workshop was to present the wide spectrum of interrelationships and interactions between Fractal Geometry and Computer Graphics. The topics vary from fundamentals and new theoretical results to various applications and systems development. All contributions are original, unpublished papers.The presentations have been discussed in two working groups; the discussion results, together with actual trends and topics of future research, are reported in the last section. The topics of the book are divides into four sections: Fundamentals, Computer Graphics and Optical Simulation, Simulation of Natural Phenomena, Image Processing and Image Analysis.

Fractals play an important role in modeling natural phenomena and engineering processes. And fractals have a close connection to the concepts of chaotic dynamics. This monograph presents definitions, concepts, notions and methodologies of both spatial and temporal fractals. It addresses students and researchers in chemistry and in chemical engineering. The authors present the concepts and methodologies in sufficient detail for uninitiated readers. They include many simple examples and graphical illustrations. They outline some examples in more detail: Perimeter fractal dimension of char particles, surface fractal dimension of charcoal; fractal analysis of pressure fluctuation in multiphase flow systems. Readers who master the concepts in this book, can confidently apply them to their fields of interest.