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Books > Law > English law > Private, property, family > Gender law
Through time use surveys, this report breaks down the ways in which
women contribute to the rural economy in Tajikistan through their
paid and unpaid work. Gender equality is guaranteed in the legal
and policy framework in Tajikistan, but its implementation faces
challenges, especially in rural areas. Through time use surveys,
this report breaks down the ways in which women contribute to the
rural economy through their paid and unpaid work. Analyzing the
impact of gendered roles in care and domestic work, as well as in
work outside the household, this report calls for increased public
investment to address welfare needs including in universally
accessible, high-quality care services, and cash transfers to
women. The report emphasizes the need to relax constraints on
women's time and improve their access to the labor market.
'The kind of book that has you screaming "Yes! Yes! Yes! Now I get
it!" on almost every page' Caitlin Moran 'Dr Taylor sets out a
compelling case . . . gives voice and agency to women who have
experienced trauma and violence' Morning Star She asked for it. She
was flirting. She was drinking. She was wearing a revealing dress.
She was too confident. She walked home alone. She stayed in that
relationship. She was naive. She didn't report soon enough. She
didn't fight back. She wanted it. She lied about it. She comes from
a bad area. She was vulnerable. She should have known. She should
have seen it coming. She should have protected herself. The victim
blaming of women is prevalent and normalised in society both in the
UK, and around the world. What is it that causes us to blame women
who have been abused, raped, trafficked, assaulted or harassed by
men? Why are we uncomfortable with placing all of the blame on the
perpetrators for their crimes against women and girls? Based on
three years of doctoral research and ten years of practice with
women and girls, Dr Jessica Taylor explores the many reasons we
blame women for male violence committed against them. Written in
her unique style and backed up by decades of evidence, this book
exposes the powerful forces in society and individual psychology
which compel us to blame women subjected to male violence.
Two women a week are killed by a spouse or partner. Every seven
minutes a woman is raped. Now is the time for change. 'Fascinating
and chilling' Caroline Criado Perez, bestselling author of
Invisible Women Helena Kennedy, one of our most eminent lawyers and
defenders of human rights, examines the pressing new evidence that
women are being discriminated against when it comes to the law.
From the shocking lack of female judges to the scandal of female
prisons and the double discrimination experienced by BAME women,
Kennedy shows with force and fury that change for women must start
at the heart of what makes society just. 'An unflinching look at
women in the justice system... an important book because it
challenges acquiescence to everyday sexism and inspires change' The
Times
This edited collection utilises recent advances in theories on
masculinities to explore and analyse the ways in which prisons
shape performances of gender, both within prison settings and
following release from prison. The authors assess here how the
highly gendered world of the prison (where the population is
overwhelmingly male in most countries) impacts upon the performance
of masculinities. Including original pieces from England,
Australia, Scotland and the USA, as well as contributions which
take a broader methodological and conceptual approach to
masculinity, this engaging and original collection holds
international appeal and relevance. Cumulatively, the chapters
illustrate the importance of considering a nuanced understanding of
masculinity within prison research, and as such, will be of
particular interest for scholars of penology, gender studies, and
the criminal justice system.
One of the most private decisions a woman can make, abortion is
also one of the most contentious topics in American civic life.
Protested at rallies and politicized in party platforms,
terminating pregnancy is often characterized as a selfish decision
by women who put their own interests above those of the fetus. This
background of stigma and hostility has stifled women's willingness
to talk about abortion, which in turn distorts public and political
discussion. To pry open the silence surrounding this public issue,
Sanger distinguishes between abortion privacy, a form of
nondisclosure based on a woman's desire to control personal
information, and abortion secrecy, a woman's defense against the
many harms of disclosure. Laws regulating abortion patients and
providers treat abortion not as an acceptable medical decision-let
alone a right-but as something disreputable, immoral, and chosen by
mistake. Exploiting the emotional power of fetal imagery, laws
require women to undergo ultrasound, a practice welcomed in wanted
pregnancies but commandeered for use against women with unwanted
pregnancies. Sanger takes these prejudicial views of women's
abortion decisions into the twenty-first century by uncovering new
connections between abortion law and American culture and politics.
New medical technologies, women's increasing willingness to talk
online and off, and the prospect of tighter judicial reins on state
legislatures are shaking up the practice of abortion. As talk
becomes more transparent and acceptable, women's decisions about
whether or not to become mothers will be treated more like those of
other adults making significant personal choices.
Intimate Partner Violence is a serious social problem affecting
millions in the United States and worldwide. The image of violence
enacted by a male aggressor to a female victim dominates public
perceptions of intimate partner violence (IPV). This volume
examines how this heteronormativity influences reporting and
responding to partner violence when those involved do not fit the
stereotype of a typical victim of IPV. Research and theory have
helped us to understand power dynamics about heterosexual IPV; this
book encourages greater attention to the unique issues and power
dynamics of IPV in sexual minority populations. Divided into five
distinct sections, chapters address research and theories
associated with IPV, examining the similarities and differences of
IPV within heterosexual and gender minority relationships. Among
the topics discussed: Research methodology and scope of the problem
Primary prevention and intervention of IPV among sexual and gender
minorities Barriers to help-seeking among various populations
Promoting outreach and advocacy Criminal justice response to IPV
With recommendations for intervention and prevention, criminal
justice response and policy, Intimate Partner Violence and the
LGBT+ Community: Understanding Power Dynamics will be of use to
students, researchers, and practitioners of psychology, criminal
justice, and public policy.
This book considers whether coercive control (particularly
non-physical forms of family violence) should be prohibited by the
criminal law. Based on the premise that traditional understandings
of family violence are severely limited, it considers whether the
core of family violence is power-based controlling or coercive
behavior: attempts by men to psychologically dominate their
partners. Such behavior can cause significant psychological,
physical and economic harms to victims and is increasingly
recognized as a form of human rights abuse. The book considers the
new offences that have been introduced in England and Wales
(controlling or coercive behavior), Ireland (controlling behavior)
and Scotland (domestic abuse). It invites consideration of three
key questions: Do conventional criminal laws adequately regulate
non-physical abuse? Is the criminal law an appropriate mechanism
for responding to the coercive control of family members? And if a
new and distinctive offence is warranted, what is the optimal form
of that offence? This ground-breaking work is essential reading for
researchers and practitioners interested in coercive control and
the proper role of the criminal law as a mechanism for regulating
family violence.
This study presents the results of the ADB Trade Finance Program's
gender audit of partner banks and highlights recommendations to
empower women to advance their careers and promote institutional
gender equality. In the Asia and Pacific region, despite some
progress, women's share in senior management in the public and
private sectors is still poor. Unless impediments to women's labor
force participation and promotion opportunities are removed, the
region stands to lose considerably. Closing the gender gap in
leadership leads to better business and financial outcomes. This
study, co-funded by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs
and Trade, investigates how women are faring in the private banking
sector and what can be done to promote their participation and
leadership. It provides specific and practical recommendations to
partner banks to advance the objective of attracting, retaining,
and promoting more women in banking.
This book considers a burgeoning social phenomenon, compensated
dating in Hong Kong, that facilitates direct commercial sex
exchange between consenting females from their mid-teens through
the late 20s and males from their early 20s to mid-adulthood.
Informed by the transformation of intimacy, the breakdown of
institutional constraints, the emergence of a new female sexual
autonomy and the advancement of information technology, this book
moves beyond stereotypes of sex work to look at the complexities of
compensated dating. The phenomenon of compensated dating is
distinctive from most other sex trades in that it involves intense
emotional interactions and often extends beyond the commercial
boundary. Given the dynamic, flexible and ambiguous nature of
compensated dating, it has become more of a space for sexual
explorations and less of a rigid model of commercial sex, at least
in the eye of the participants. This book walks through how men
become involved in compensated dating and also sheds lights on how
gender relations are negotiated, with important implications on
what it means to be a man and a woman in contemporary Hong Kong
society. It also speaks to the broader transformations of some of
the key social structures and elements, particularly gender and
sexualities, in the era of late modernity.
Feminism and liberalism need each other, argues Judith Baer. Her
provocative book, Feminist Post-Liberalism, refutes both
conservative and radical critiques. To make her case, she rejects
classical liberalism in favor of a welfare-and possibly
socialist-post-liberalism that will prevent capitalism and a
concentration of power that reinforces male supremacy. Together,
feminism and liberalism can better elucidate controversies in
American politics, law, and society. Baer emphasizes that tolerance
and self-examination are virtues, but within both feminist and
liberal thought these virtues have been carried to extremes.
Feminist theory needs liberalism's respect for reason, while
liberal theory needs to incorporate emotion. Liberalism focuses too
narrowly on the individual, while feminism needs a dose of
individualism. Feminist Post-Liberalism includes anthropological
foundations of male dominance to explore topics ranging from crime
to cultural appropriation. Baer develops a theory that is true to
the principles of both feminist and liberal ideologies.
Despite a popular view that trials are the focal point of the
criminal justice process, in reality, the most frequent way a
criminal matter resolves is not through a fiercely fought battle
between state and defendant, but instead through a process of
negotiation between the prosecution and defence, resulting in a
defendant pleading guilty in exchange for agreed concessions from
the prosecution. This book presents an original empirical
case-study of plea negotiations drawing upon interviews with legal
actors and an analysis of defence practitioner case files, to shine
light on the processes and ways in which an agreed outcome is
reached in criminal prosecutions, within the setting of a
jurisdiction, like many others world-wide, which is suffering major
shifts in state resources. Plea negotiations, also referred to as
"plea bargaining", "negotiated guilty pleas" and "negotiated
resolutions" are neither an alloyed benefit nor a detriment for
defendants, victims or the criminal justice system generally, and
like all compromises, this book shows how the perfect "justice"
outcome gives way to the good, or just the reasonably acceptable
justice outcome.
Indigenous women continue to be overrepresented in Canadian
prisons; research demonstrates how their overincarceration and
often extensive experiences of victimization are interconnected
with and through ongoing processes of colonization. Implicating the
System: Judicial Discourses in the Sentencing of Indigenous Women
explores how judges navigate these issuesin sentencing by examining
related discourses in selected judgments from a review of 175
decisions.The feminist theory of the victimization-criminalization
continuum informs Elspeth Kaiser-Derrick's work. She examines its
overlap with the Gladue analysis, foregrounding decisions that
effectively integrate gendered understandings of Indigenous women's
victimization histories, and problematizing those with less
contextualized reasoning. Ultimately, she contends that judicial
usage of the victimization-criminalization continuum deepens the
Gladue analysis and augments its capacity to further its objectives
of alternatives to incarceration. Kaiser-Derrick discusses how
judicial discourses about victimization intersect with those about
rehabilitation and treatment, and suggests associated problems,
particularly where prison is characterized as a place of healing.
Finally, she shows how recent incursions into judicial discretion,
through legislative changes to the conditional sentencing regime
that restrict the availability of alternatives to incarceration,
are particularly concerning for Indigenous women in the system.
This book uniquely combines a critical examination of the extent
and diversity of transphobic hate crime together with a
consideration of the victims and offenders. Trans people are
marginalised in society and already negotiate complex physical and
emotional challenges in order to live authentically in accordance
with their self-identified gender presentation. Transphobic hate
crime has devastating consequences both for the victim and trans
people more generally by reinforcing the female/male binary and
punishing gender non-conformity. In this thought-provoking study
Jamel examines the history, extent, nature, and victim-offender
relationship regarding these crimes whilst also considering the
obstacles which affect legislation and policy-making decisions in
response to hate crimes against trans people. The concept of a
single transgender community is also critiqued in this book by
exploring the diversity of trans identities cross-culturally. This
original and timely book provides students, academics and those
developing an interest in the topic with an understanding of the
complexities of transphobic hate crime within the wider context of
gender studies and critical criminology.
This book provides a comparative, neo-institutionalist approach to
the different factors impacting state adoption of-or refusal to
adopt-same-sex marriage laws. The now twenty-one countries where
lesbians and gay men can legally marry include recent or
longstanding democracies, republics and parliamentary monarchies,
and unitary and federal states. They all reflect different
positions with respect to religion and the cultural foundations of
the nation. Countries opposed to such legalization, and those
having taken measures in recent years to legally reinforce the
heterosexual fundaments of marriage, present a similar diversity.
This diversity, in a globalized context where the idea of same-sex
marriage has become integral to claims for LGBTI equality and
indeed LGBTI human rights, gives rise to the following question:
which factors contribute to institutionalizing same-sex marriage?
The analytical framework used for exploring these factors in this
book is neo-institutionalism. Through three neo-institutionalist
lenses-historical, sociological and discursive-contributors
investigate two aspects of the processes of adoption or opposition
of equal recognition of same-sex partnerships. Firstly, they reveal
how claims by LGBTIQ movements are being framed politically and
brought to parliamentary politics. Secondly, they explore the ways
in which same-sex marriage becomes institutionalized (or resisted)
through legal and societal norms and practices. Although it adopts
neo-institutionalism as its main theoretical framework, the book
incorporates a broad range of perspectives, including scholarship
on social movements, LGBTI rights, heterosexuality and social
norms, and gender and politics.
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