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Books > Science & Mathematics > Astronomy, space & time > General
In their approach to Earth dynamics the authors consider the
fundamentals of Jacobi Dynamics (1987, Reidel) for two reasons.
First, because satellite observations have proved that the Earth
does not stay in hydrostatic equilibrium, which is the physical
basis of today's treatment of geodynamics. And secondly, because
satellite data have revealed a relationship between gravitational
moments and the potential of the Earth's outer force field
(potential energy), which is the basis of Jacobi Dynamics. This has
also enabled the authors to come back to the derivation of the
classical virial theorem and, after introducing the volumetric
forces and moments, to obtain a generalized virial theorem in the
form of Jacobi's equation. Thus a physical explanation and rigorous
solution was found for the famous Jacobi's equation, where the
measure of the matter interaction is the energy. The main dynamical
effects which become understandable by that solution can be
summarized as follows: * the kinetic energy of oscillation of the
interacting particles which explains the physical meaning and
nature of the gravitation forces; * separation of the shell's
rotation of a self-gravitating body with respect to the mass
density; difference in angular velocities of the shell rotation; *
continuity in changing the potential of the outer gravitational
force field together with changes in density distribution of the
interacting masses (volumetric center of masses); * the nature of
the precession of the Earth, the Moon and satellites; the nature of
the rotating body's magnetic field and the generation of the
planet's electromagnetic field. As a final result, the creation of
the bodies in the Solar System having different orbits was
discussed. This result is based on the discovery that all the
averaged orbital velocities of the bodies in the Solar System and
the Sun itself are equal to the first cosmic velocities of their
proto-parents during the evolution of their redistributed mass
density. Audience The work is a logical continuation of the book
Jacobi Dynamics and is intended for researchers, teachers and
students engaged in theoretical and experimental research in
various branches of astronomy (astrophysics, celestial mechanics
and stellar dynamics and radiophysics), geophysics (physics and
dynamics of the Earth's body, atmosphere and oceans), planetology
and cosmogony, and for students of celestial, statistical, quantum
and relativistic mechanics and hydrodynamics.
Full color publication. Topics discussed include: Rocketdyne - F-1
Saturn V First Stage Engine; Rocketdyne - J-2 Saturn V 2nd &
3rd Stage Engine; Rocketdyne - SE-7 & SE-8 Engines; Aerojet -
AJ10-137 Apollo Service Module Engine; Aerojet - Attitude Control
Engines; TRW - Lunar Descent Engine; and Rocketdyne - Lunar Ascent
Engine.
We humans are collectively driven by a powerful - yet not fully
explained - instinct to understand. We would like to see everything
established, proven, laid bare. The more important an issue, the
more we desire to see it clarified, stripped of all secrets, all
shades of gray. What could be more important than to understand the
Universe and ourselves as a part of it? To find a window onto our
origin and our destiny? This book examines how far our modern
cosmological theories - with their sometimes audacious models, such
as inflation, cyclic histories, quantum creation, parallel
universes - can take us towards answering these questions. Can such
theories lead us to ultimate truths, leaving nothing unexplained?
Last, but not least, Heller addresses the thorny problem of why and
whether we should expect to find theories with all-encompassing
explicative power.
The Adriatic Meetings have traditionally been conferences on the
most - vanced status of science. They are one of the very few
conferences in physics aiming at a very broad participation of
young and experienced researchers with di?erent backgrounds in
particle physics. Particle physics has grown into a highly
multi-faceted discipline over the sixty years of its existence,
mainly because of two reasons: Particle physics as an experimental
science is in need of large-scale laboratory set-ups, involving
typically collaborations of several hundreds or even thousands of
researchers and technicians with the most diverse expertise. This
forces particle physics, being one of the most fundamental dis-
plines of physics, to maintain a constant interchange and contact
with other disciplines, notably solid-state physics and laser
physics, cosmology and - trophysics, mathematical physics and
mathematics. Since the expertise necessary in doing research in
particle physics has become tremendously demanding in the last
years, the ?eld tends to organize purely expert conferences,
meetings and summer schools, such as for detector development, for
astroparticle physics or for string theory.
TheAdriaticMeetingthroughitsentirehistoryhasbeenaplaceforest-
lishing exchange between theory and experiment. The 9th Adriatic
Meeting successfully continued this tradition and even intensi?ed
the cross-discipline communication by establishing new contacts
between the community of c- mologists and of particle physicists.
The exchange between theorists and - perimentalists was
impressively intensive and will certainly have a lasting e?ect on
several research projects of the European and world-wide physics
community.
Systems and Archives in Astronomy: Astrophysics Data Systems (F.
Giovane). MIDAS OnLine at the Telescopes (K. Banse et al.).
Astronomical Databases (A. Heck). The HST Mission: The Hubble Space
Telescope: Year One (R.J. Hanisch). HST Image Restoration (H.M.
Adorf). Detecting Cosmic Rays Hits on HST WF/PC Images Using Neural
Networks and Other Discriminant Analysis Approaches (F.D. Murtagh,
H.M. Adorf). The ROSAT Mission: Mission Planning with ROSAT (S.L.
Snowden, J.H.M.M. Schmitt). The Standard Automatic Analysis
Software System (R. Gruber). The GRO Mission: Response
Determination of COMPTEL from Calibration Measurements, Models, and
Simulators (R. Diehl et al.). The OSSE Data Analysis System (M.S.
Strickman). Future Missions: The Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer
Mission (C.A. Christian). The SAX Mission (R.C. Butler, L. Scarsi).
24 additional articles. Index.
Reflecting the results of twenty years; experience in the field of
multipurpose flights, this monograph includes the complex routes of
the trajectories of a number of bodies (e.g., space vehicles,
comets) in the solar system. A general methodological approach to
the research of flight schemes and the choice of optimal
performances is developed. Additionally, a number of interconnected
methods and algorithms used at sequential stages of such
development are introduced, which allow the selection of a rational
multipurpose route for a space vehicle, the design of multipurpose
orbits, the determination of optimal space vehicle design, and
ballistic performances for carrying out the routes chosen. Other
topics include the practical results obtained from using these
methods, navigation problems, near-to-planet orbits, and an
overview of proven and new flight schemes.
The reader will find in this volume the Proceedings of the NATO
Advanced Study Institute held in Cortina d' Ampezzo, Italy, between
July 25 and August 6, 1993, under the title From Newton to Chaos:
Modem Techniques for Understanding and Coping With Chaos inN-Body
Dynamical Systems. This institute was the latest in a series of
meetings held every three years from 1972 to 1990 in dynamical
astronomy, theoretical mechanics and celestial mechanics. The
proceedings from these institutes have been well-received in the
international community of research workers in these disciplines.
The present institute was well attended with 15 series of lectures
being given by invited speakers: in addition some 40 presentations
were made by the other participants. The majority of these
contributions are included in these proceedings. The all-pervading
influence of chaos in dynamical systems (of even a few variables)
has now been universally recognised by researchers, a recognition
forced on us by our ability, using powerful computer hardware and
software, to tackle dynamical problems that until twenty-five years
ago were intractable. Doubtless it was felt by many that these new
techniques provided a break-through in celestial mechanics and its
related disciplines. And so they were.
Deep Impact, or at least part of the flight system, is designed
to crash into comet 9P/Tempel 1. This bold mission design enables
cometary researchers to peer into the cometary nucleus, analyzing
the excavated material with its imagers and spectrometers. The book
describes the mission, its objectives, expected results, payload,
and data products in articles written by those most closely
involved. This mission has the potential of revolutionizing our
understanding of the cometary nucleus.
Introduction.- Boarding School and University.- Astronomy Around
1875.- Astronomer and Professor.- Almost Half a Million Stars.-
Laboratory and Statistical Astronomy.- Star Streams.- In the mean
time in Groningen.- Mount Wilson.- Statistics and other matters.-
First Attempt: the Kapetyn Universe.- Coda.
Three years ago the Reports on Astronomy were for the first time
published in three separate parts whereby related astronomical
topics were collected in one volume and each volume was kept to a
size of no more than about 250 pages. The a m was to facilitate a
wider distribution of individual volumes among astronomers and
other scientists interested in specific subjects of astronomy. The
same system was adopted for the present volume A of the IAU
Transactions which covers the activities in astronomical research
from January 1976 to December 1978. The Commission Presidents were
invited to restrict their reports, to present a selection of the
most important developments in the field of astronomy covered by
their Commission, and to avoid overlaps with other Commission
reports. As a re sult of the restriction in the number of pages
some Commissions presen.t a large, concentrated list of references
with little discussion, whereas others review some of the most
exciting recent research developments in their subject. The
distribution of the Commission Reports into the three parts of
volume XVII A is as follows: VOL. XVII A PART 1 commission 4.
Ephemerides 5. Documentation 6. Astronomical Telegrams " 7.
Celestial Hechanics " 9. Instruments and Techniques 14. Fundamental
Spectroscopic Data " 15. Physical Study of Cornets, Hinor Planets
and Meteorites 16. Physical Study of Planets and Satellites "
Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature 17. The Moon " 19.
Rotation of the Earth " 20."
This book includes 58 selected articles that highlight the major
contributions of Professor Radha Charan Gupta-a doyen of history of
mathematics-written on a variety of important topics pertaining to
mathematics and astronomy in India. It is divided into ten parts.
Part I presents three articles offering an overview of Professor
Gupta's oeuvre. The four articles in Part II convey the importance
of studies in the history of mathematics. Parts III-VII
constituting 33 articles, feature a number of articles on a variety
of topics, such as geometry, trigonometry, algebra, combinatorics
and spherical trigonometry, which not only reveal the breadth and
depth of Professor Gupta's work, but also highlight his deep
commitment to the promotion of studies in the history of
mathematics. The ten articles of part VIII, present interesting
bibliographical sketches of a few veteran historians of mathematics
and astronomy in India. Part IX examines the dissemination of
mathematical knowledge across different civilisations. The last
part presents an up-to-date bibliography of Gupta's work. It also
includes a tribute to him in Sanskrit composed in eight verses.
This is a revealing account of the family life and achievements of
the Third Earl of Rosse, a hereditary peer and resident landlord at
Birr Castle, County Offaly, in nineteenth-century Ireland, before,
during and after the devastating famine of the 1840s. He was a
remarkable engineer, who built enormous telescopes in the cloudy
middle of Ireland. The book gives details, in an attractive
non-technical style which requires no previous scientific
knowledge, of his engineering initiatives and the astronomical
results, but also reveals much more about the man and his
contributions - locally in the town and county around Birr, in
political and other functions in an Ireland administered by the
Protestant Ascendancy, in the development and activities of the
Royal Society, of which he was President from 1848-54, and the
British Association for the Advancement of Science. The Countess of
Rosse, who receives full acknowledgement in the book, was a woman
of many talents, among which was her pioneering work in
photography, and the book includes reproductions of her artistic
exposures, and many other attractive illustrations. -- .
This book analyses the magnificent imperial necropolises of ancient
China from the perspective of Archaeoastronomy, a science which
takes into account the landscape in which ancient monuments are
placed, focusing especially but not exclusively on the celestial
aspects. The power of the Chinese emperors was based on the
so-called Mandate of Heaven: the rulers were believed to act as
intermediaries between the sky gods and the Earth, and
consequently, the architecture of their tombs, starting from the
world-famous mausoleum of the first emperor, was closely linked to
the celestial cycles and to the cosmos. This relationship, however,
also had to take into account various other factors and doctrines,
first the Zhao-Mu doctrine in the Han period and later the various
forms of Feng Shui. As a result, over the centuries, diverse sacred
landscapes were constructed. Among the sites analysed in the book
are the "pyramids" of Xi'an from the Han dynasty, the mountain
tombs of the Tang dynasty, and the Ming and Qing imperial tombs.
The book explains how considerations such as astronomical
orientation and topographical orientation according to the
principles of Feng Shui played a fundamental role at these sites.
In 2008, the European FP6 JETSET project ended. JETSET, for Jet,
Simulations, Experiments, and Theory, was a joint research network
of European expert teams on protostellar jets. The present
proceedings are a collection of contributions presenting new
results obtained by those groups since the end of the JETSET
program. This is also the occasion to celebrate Kanaris Tsinganos'
important contributions to this network and for his enlightening
insight in the subject that inspired us all. Some of the former
JETSET students are now in the academic world and the subject has
never been so alive. So we present here a collection of results of
what has been done in the field of protostellar jets in the past
ten years from the theoretical, numerical, observational and
experimental point of view. We also present new challenges in the
field of protostellar jets and what we should expect from the
development of new instruments and new numerical codes in the near
future. We also gather results on the impact of the study of
protostellar jets on other jet studies in particular on
relativistic jets. As a matter of fact, it is time for a new
network.
Greenwich has been a centre for scientific computing since the
foundation of the Royal Observatory in 1675. Early Astronomers
Royal gathered astronomical data with the purpose of enabling
navigators to compute their longitude at sea. Nevil Maskelyne in
the 18th century organised the work of computing tables for the
Nautical Almanac, anticipating later methods used in
safety-critical computing systems. The 19th century saw influential
critiques of Charles Babbage's mechanical calculating engines, and
in the 20th century Leslie Comrie and others pioneered the
automation of computation. The arrival of the Royal Naval College
in 1873 and the University of Greenwich in 1999 has brought more
mathematicians and different kinds of mathematics to Greenwich. In
the 21st century computational mathematics has found many new
applications. This book presents an account of the mathematicians
who worked at Greenwich and their achievements. Features A
scholarly but accessible history of mathematics at Greenwich, from
the seventeenth century to the present day, with each chapter
written by an expert in the field The book will appeal to
astronomical and naval historians as well as historians of
mathematics and scientific computing.
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