Increasingly, in the field of earth observation imagery, there is a need for image quality to be assessable in traceable Standard International Units (SIU), and for the standardization of common mapping projections. These two needs, plus the increased usage of combinations of data and image types, provided the stimuli for the development of this important volume.
Prepared by members of the Joint ISPRS/CEOS WGCV Task Force on Radiometric and Geometric Calibration, this book is a valuable text for those in the fields of remote sensing technology, calibration, Earth observation, and electro-optical sensor parameters.
By detailing current calibration procedures and the latest 'best practices', this latest addition to the ISPRS Series addresses the need for consistency throughout the discipline, and encourages the development of coherent, high-quality Earth observation imagery.

This book teaches mathematical structures and how they can be applied in environmental science. Each chapter presents story problems with an emphasis on derivation. For each of these, the discussion follows the pattern of first presenting an example of a type of structure as applied to environmental science. The definition of the structure is presented, followed by additional examples using MATLAB, and analytic methods of solving and learning from the structure.

The Mediterranean has been subject to changing human settlement and land use patterns for millennia, and has a history of human exploitation in an inherently unstable landscape. Environmental Issues in the Mediterranean reviews both physical and social aspects of this region, in relation to its environment.
Ideal for students who are studying a range of environmental issues, but want to see them linked within one regional context. The book begins with an introduction to the Mediterranean region, its history, physical and human geography and its environmental problems. It then goes on to examine:
* The Dynamic Environment - climate variables and fluctuations, vegetation, the hydrological cycle of the basin and its watershed, processes of erosion, fire and the Mediterranean Sea
*The Human Impact on the Environment - prehistoric and historic land use, traditional agriculture, rural and urban settlement and use of mineral resources
* The Mediterranean Environment Under Increasing Pressure - the present human landscape, changes in agriculture in the 20th century, the impact of depopulation, pollution, water resources, desertification and potential climatic change.
It then concludes with a discussion of the region's on-going environmental issues of water resources, land degradation, agricultural intensification and tourism, and considers how these can be approached using management techniques and national and regional policies.

The Routledge Handbook of Comparative Global Urban Studies is a timely intervention into the field of global urban studies, coming as comparison is being more widely used as a method for global urban studies, and as a number of methodological experiments and comparative research projects are being brought to fruition. It consolidates and takes forward an emerging field within urban studies and makes a positive and constructive intervention into a lively arena of current debate in urban theory. Comparative urbanism injects a welcome sense of methodological rigor and a commitment to careful evaluation of claims across different contexts, which will enhance current debates in the field. Drawing together at least 50 international scholars and practitioners, this book offers an overview of key ideas and practices in the field and extends current thinking and practice. The book is primarily intended for scholars and graduate students for whom it will provide an invaluable and up-to-date guide to current thinking across the range of disciplines which converge in the study of urbanism, including geography, sociology, planning, and urban studies.

Gaia's Gift, the second of Anne Primavesi's explorations of human relationships with the earth, asks that we complete the ideological revolution set in motion by Copernicus and Darwin concerning human importancene. They challenged the notion of our God-given centrality within the universe and within earth's evolutionary history. Yet as our continuing exploitation of earth's resources and species demonstrates, we remain wedded to the theological assumption that these are there for our sole use and benefit. Now James Lovelock's scientific understanding of the existential reality of Gaia's gift of life again raises the question of our proper place within the universe. It turns us decisively towards an understanding of ourselves as dependent on, rather than in control of, the whole earth community.

A collection of essays by a Nobel Prize Laureate on a wide range of problems facing the world, and the role of scientists in solving them. Kendall was one of a group of physicists who founded the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) and is currently chairman of its board of directors. UCS is today a voice of authority in US government science policy, particularly with regard to environment issues. Together, these essays represent both the successes and failures of science to impact public policy, and offer practical guidelines for involvement in science policy. They are roughly chronological, organised by subject with introductions, beginning with the controversies on nuclear power safety and Three Mile Island, then followed by sections on national security issues, global environmental and resource problems, and radioactive cleanup. Kendall's Nobel Prize lecture is also included (and is the only really technical material in the book), while the photos are from a 1992 exhibition of his work.

This journal is published twice yearly and aims to stimulate debate and enrich research in the formulation of policy in the Asia-Pacific region towards the fulfilment of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It is the successor of two earlier journals, the Asia-Pacific Development Journal (APDJ) and the Asia-Pacific Population Journal (APPJ), which were merged in recognition of the interconnected and multidisciplinary nature of sustainable development.

This book examines emerging methodologies and conceptual debates within the environmental history of Latin America. Issues addressed include the territorial expansion of the state and its impact on environmental resources and indigenous populations; environmental transformation (lake-drainage projects in central Mexico, the expansion of sugar-cane production in Cuba, and soil-sedimentation issues); and landscape "improvements" brought about by technological change (banana-breeding schemes, the breeding of Zebu cattle in central Brazil, and the introduction of plants to South America). This volume places the specific case-studies within the field's main themes, and relates them to similar historic environmental developments in North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Contributors include Stephen Bell (UCLA, USA), Reinaldo Funes Monzote (Fundacion Antonio Nunez Jimenez de la Naturaleza y el Hombre, Cuba), Stefania Gallini (Universidad Nacional, Colombia), Nikolas Kozloff (CUNY Brooklyn College, USA), Karl Offen (University of Oklahoma, USA), John Soluri (Carnegie-Mellon University, USA), Alejandro Tortolero Villasenor (Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico), and Robert W. Wilcox (Northern Kentucky University, USA).

Contents:
Part I Setting the Scene: 1. Healthy Buildings. 2. Evidence for Non-thermal Electromagnetic Bio-effects. 3. Effects of Electromagnetic Fields in the Living Environment. 4. An Introduction the Naturally Occurring & the Man Made Electromagnetic Environments Part II. Electromagnetic Fields, the Environment and the Man Made Electromagnetic Environments: 5 Mobile Phone Masts - Planning Issues on Siting. 6. Environmental Impact of Electrosmog. 7. Product Liability, Product Safety and the Precautionary Principle; Questions and Discussions Part III. Emissions and Standards: 8. What are We Exposed To? The Most Significant Exposure in the Built Environment. 9. Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields. 10. Biological Effects of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields. 11. Building of Radio Frequencies and Microwaves in the Build Industry. 12. Are We Measuring the Right Things? Windows, Viewpoints and Sensitivity; Questions and Discussion Part IV. Health Effects of Electromagnetic Environments: 13. Biological Effects of Neutralising Vaccines; The Effects of Weak EM Fields and the Concordance Between the Two. 14. Electroclinical Syndromes - Live Wires in your Office. 15. Health Effects of High Voltage Powerlines. 16. Effects of 50Hz EMF Exposure on Mammalian Cells in Culture. 17. Electromagnetic Fields - Interactions with the Human Body. 18. Evidence to Support the Hypothesis that Electromagnetic Fields and Radiation are a Ubiquitous Universal Genotoxic Carcinogen. 19. Static Electricity in the Modern Human Environment. 20. Screen Dermatitis and Electrosensitivity: Preliminary Observations in the Human Skin. 21. Theoretical and Experimental Evidence Where Present Safety Standards Conflict with Reality. 22. The Effect of Mobile Phones on the Human Cognitive Functions; Questions and Discussion Part V. Awareness: 23. Electromagnetism and the Insurance Industry. 24. Assessing and Responding to Pre and Post Telecom Development Syndrome. 25. Electromagnetic Environments and Health in Buildings, Questions and Discussion. Part VI. The Future: 26. Exposure Guidelines to Electromagnetic Fields and Radiation - Past, Present and Future. 27. Research on Mobile Phones and Health. 28. New Site Sharing Technology for 3G and the City of Tomorrow. 29. Mobile Communications and Health. 30. Moving Beyond EMF Public Policy Paralysis; Questions and Discussion

Die 2. Auflage von Introduction to Sustainability beschaftigt sich mit den wichtigen Themen aus dem Bereich Nachhaltigkeit und eignet sich sowohl fur interdisziplinare Einfuhrungsveranstaltungen als auch fur Kurse der Fachrichtungen Geographie, Geologie, Soziologie, Planungswesen, Politikwissenschaften und Anthropologie. Dieses Buch gibt unschatzbare Einblicke in die vielen Facetten des sich standig entwickelnden Fachgebiets, ermoeglicht neue Sichtweisen und motiviert Studenten, sich aktiv in den Entwicklungsprozess einzubringen und so langfristig die Nachhaltigkeit unseres Planeten zu sichern. Neue Inhalte der vollstandig uberarbeiteten und aktualisierten 2. Auflage befassen sich mit den jungsten Entwicklungen im Bereich Nachhaltigkeit: oekologische Nachhaltigkeit in Bezug auf Wasser, Lebensmittel und Energie, soziale Nachhaltigkeit mit Themen wie Umweltgerechtigkeit und Transport, oekonomische Nachhaltigkeit wie Grune Unternehmen und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung. Das Schlusskapitel beleuchtet Nachhaltigkeitsfragen an Hochschulen und Universitaten. Brinkmann greift auf viele faszinierende Fallstudien zuruck und ermutigt die Studenten auch mit informativen Textkasten, sich intensiver mit dem Thema auseinanderzusetzen. Dieses Buch vermittelt das komplexe Fachgebiet nicht nur verstandlich, sondern appelliert an die Studenten, ihren Beitrag fur eine bessere Welt leisten.

Explore the conservation implications of recent armed conflicts in the tropical forest regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America! From the lowland rainforests of the Colombian Amazon to the rugged habitat of Rwanda's mountain gorillas, civil, ethnic, and international wars have had severe impacts on tropical forests and the communities they sustain. The reemergence of war and the persistence of its impacts have led many conservationists to reassess their efforts and adapt their strategies to a new set of responsibilities and urgent challenges. War and Tropical Forests: Conservation in Areas of Armed Conflict explores these challenges and the lessons learned by conservationists working in conflict zones around the world. It combines case studies and comparative analyses by leading experts in ecological research, environmental policy, and conservation field programs to provide insight into the environmental dimensions of recent social, political, and humanitarian crises. War and Tropical Forests reviews lessons learned from conflict zones around the world and explores: the potential of conservation to reduce the frequency, duration, and impact of war preparation of conservation programs and local communities for crises strategies for maintaining conservation capacity during times of conflict the underlying political and economic factors that fuel war legal mechanisms for addressing wartime damage to tropical forests building partnerships amidst civil strife and political upheaval This essential book also examines: the Indonesian military's role in illegal logging and deforestation violent conflict and gorilla poaching in the Democratic Republic of Congo armed movements and forest conservation in Nicaragua's largest protected area and much more! War and Tropical Forests also addresses the role of militaries in the inequitable control and illicit use of forest resources, the environmental impact of refugees, the growing social and environmental costs of efforts to eradicate drug crops, and the impact of conflict on protected area management in the habitat of Africa's endangered great apes. War and Tropical Forests is an essential resource for conservation practitioners and policymakers, as well as anyone involved with human rights, conflict resolution, rural development, international law, or foreign relations.

Egypt is a country of tremendous land resources but limited water resources The area of cultivated land is only 3.2% of the gross area. The river Nile is the main sources of water. In the recent years the Governement established large-scale agricultural projects in light of food security related to the population growth. Expansion of irrigated agriculture has to be predomantly relalized bt increasing the water use efficiency. In Egypt, the dominant irrigation method is surface irrigation, which covers approximately 83% of the irrigated areas. Surface irrigation or gravity methods are generally characterized by a low efficiency. One opportunity to increase the efficiency is to convert surface irrigation to modern irrigation systems, which are generaly highly expensive for a country like Egypt. Another option to increase the efficiency of surface irrigation systems is to convert the traditional irrigation method based on continuous flow to surge flow irrigation. Surge flow irrigation is the intermittent application of water to furrows in a series of relatively short on and off time periods. This study has been carried out to demonstrate the applicability of surge flow irrigation for water saving under the short field conditions that prevail in Egypt. The results indicate that surge flow irrigation is an effective irrigation method to save water and to increase crop production.

Environmental Informatics (or Enviromatics) is a maturing subject with interdisciplinary roots in computer science, environmental planning, ecology, economics and other related areas. Its practitioners must be prepared to work with many diverse professional groups. It forms the foundation for computer-assisted environmental protection. This book contains an edited version of papers presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Environmental Software Systems (ISESS '99), which was held at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, from August 30 to September 2, 1999, and was sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP). The text is divided into six sections: Enviromatics - Introduction; Environmental Issues; Environmental Information Systems - Tools and Techniques; Environmental Information Systems - Implementations; Environmental Decision Support Systems; Specialised Topics. This state-of-the-art volume will be essential reading for computer scientists and engineers, ecologists, and environmental planners and managers.

The science of climate change has experienced an extraordinary expansion in the period since the mid-1980s and is paralleled by considerable public and political awareness of related issues.
The degree of natural variability in, and the causes of, climate change have become particularly important points of debate and the past decade has seen many publications dealing with these issues. Indeed, the area of climate research as a whole is now so large, and the sources of data so diverse, that many researchers are unaware of significant developments across the field. This collection therefore aims to provide a balanced selection of published papers, so as to make easily available the existing breadth and depth of information.
Taken together, the set of volumes will provide for the researcher (a) a greater awareness of the evidence for natural variability of climate; (b) a perspective on the role of various forcing factors in climate change; (c) a selection of papers that argue both for, and against, the 'solar' and 'anthropogenic' hypotheses as explanations for recent and current climate change; (d) a sense of what future climate will be like, and what remains to be discovered or achieved.

Foreword by:
Joy Hendry

There is need in environmental research for a book on fresh waters including rivers and lakes. Compared with other books on the topic, this book has a unique outline in that it follows pollution from sources to impact. Included in the text is the treatment of various tracers, ranging from pathogens to stable isotopes of elements and providing a comprehensive discussion which is lacking in many other books on pollution control of natural waters. Geophysical processes are discussed emphasizing mixing of water, interaction between water and the atmosphere, and sedimentation processes. Important geochemistry processes occurring in natural waters are described as are the processes specific to nutrients, organic pollutants, metals, and pathogens in subsequent chapters. Each of these chapters includes an introduction on the selected groups, followed by the physicochemical properties which are the most relevant to their behavior in natural waters, and the theories and models to describe their speciation, transport and transformation. The book also includes the most up to date information including a discussion on emerging pollutants such as brominated and phosphate flame retardants, perflurochemicals, and pharmaceutical and personal care products. Due to its importance an ecotoxicology chapter has been included featuring molecular biological methods, nanoparticles, and comparison of the basis of biotic ligand model with the Weibull dose-response model. Finally, the last chapter briefly summarizes the regulations on ambient water quality.

The complexity of today's large organisations, businesses, and social institutions defeats management approaches based on monolithic thinking. Most industry and service organisations look at their performance either from a single perspective - productivity, quality, safety, etc. - or from different but separate perspectives that reside in organisational silos. Quality is treated separately from safety, which, again, is treated separately from productivity, and so on. While siloed thinking may be convenient in the short term, it fails to recognise that any specific perspective reveals only a part of what goes on. Yet it is essential to have a unified view of how an organisation functions effectively to manage changes and to ensure the organisation excels in what it does. Synesis represents the mutually dependent set of priorities, perspectives, and practices that an organisation needs to carry out its activities as intended. It shows how to overcome the fragmentation in foci, scope, and time that characterises the dominant change management paradigms. This book is consequently not about productivity or quality or safety or reliability but about all of these together. It is about why it is necessary to think of them as a whole. And it is about how this can be done in practice.

Comprehensive but digestible and affordable guide to the complexities of English and Welsh Building Regulations Has become the go to for a variety of professionals and students in Construction, Architecture and Built Environment fields who need a reference to UK building regs Provides easy to read and ready reference guidance on the Regulations without having to wade through the Regs themselves Packed with useful features, notes and flags to guide the reader on important points and suggestions

This important book examines one of the most crucial issues in the modern world: human induced climate change. Providing a refreshing interdisciplinary perspective, which pulls together strands of natural science, economics and ethics, Greenhouse Economics poses some serious questions and offers intelligent answers.
Themes covered include:
*How do we deal with uncertainty and ignorance?
*What role do science and economics play in policy formation?
*To what extent should individuals take responsibility for the society in which they and their descendants live?
By examining issues such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports, recent economic analyses, and ethical concerns in economics, Greenhouse Economics manages to provide an up-to-date and informative analysis of some of the most important issues facing society.
The book will be of strong interest to students and academics in the fields of ecological and environmental economics, while also being essential reading for all those to whom climate change is a professional or personal concern. The interdisciplinary analysis will appeal to academics in a range of subjects including politics, geography, environmental ethics and ecology, as well as policy makers.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203209052

Passive and active solar strategies together with the adoption of energy conservation measures and the integration of new materials and technologies can lead to a dramatic reduction of 75-90 per cent in the energy consumption of the buildings. The objective of Task 13 of the IEA's Solar Heating and Cooling Programme was to advance solar building technologies and demonstrate this potential by designing and constructing buildings that met very low energy consumption targets while maintaining a good indoor climate. This revised second edition of this book presents the findings of the Task 13 experts and includes the results of the monitoring programme, conducted to determine the effectives of the techniques and strategies adopted. This new edition also provides a detailed explanation of this research programme in terms of how far the expectations of the Task experts were met and highlights the specific successes and lessons learned from the project.

A collection of papers prepared for the European Forum on Integrated Environmental Assessment's (EFIEA) Policy Workshop on Scaling Issues in Integrated Assessment, held from 12-19 July 2000.

* This book is the first comprehensive history of architectural modelmaking in Britain, or indeed of anywhere in the world. * An authoritative scholarly study based on six years of extensive research that draws from over 40 interviews, the analysis of over 4000 photographs of architectural models, and more than 700 documentary sources, written in an accessible style making it suitable for a broad audience. * Illustrated with never-before-seen photographs of historic architectural models from the 20th century drawn from private archives, including over 100 images from the Thorp archive, which is the largest known collection of material relating to architectural modelmaking in the world containing over 30,000 photographs and historic documents.

This work evaluates the merits of a widely-used approach to natural resource management, participatory action research (PAR), an approach to resource management that strives to link researchers with farmers and other local residents whose lives are effected by long-range conservation programmes. The authors begin the book with the history of PAR, and then use a variety of case studies that chronicle sustainable development efforts in Brazil. They evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of these efforts and suggest specific ways to improve on future PAR efforts.

* Hugely topical book, considering terrorist attacks on structures and infrastructures. * Brings novel ideas to researchers and engineers in dynamic analysis of structures under combined actions of impact and blast loads. * Presents practical discussions in finite element modeling and numerical analysis of different structures under extreme loads using high-fidelity software which can be very useful for students. * Contains comprehensive state-of-the-art reviews on the performance of structures under extreme loads which can be very helpful for junior researchers who are beginners in impact and blast engineering. * Presents novel damage indices for different structural members under extreme loads that can be promoted to practical instructions to be experimentally conducted in structural engineering laboratories and academic environments.

Foreword by:
Joy Hendry