Power supply current monitoring to detect CMOS IC defects during production testing quietly laid down its roots in the mid-1970s. Both Sandia Labs and RCA in the United States and Philips Labs in the Netherlands practiced this procedure on their CMOS ICs. At that time, this practice stemmed simply from an intuitive sense that CMOS ICs showing abnormal quiescent power supply current (IDDQ) contained defects. Later, this intuition was supported by data and analysis in the 1980s by Levi (RACD, Malaiya and Su (SUNY-Binghamton), Soden and Hawkins (Sandia Labs and the University of New Mexico), Jacomino and co-workers (Laboratoire d'Automatique de Grenoble), and Maly and co-workers (Carnegie Mellon University). Interest in IDDQ testing has advanced beyond the data reported in the 1980s and is now focused on applications and evaluations involving larger volumes of ICs that improve quality beyond what can be achieved by previous conventional means. In the conventional style of testing one attempts to propagate the logic states of the suspended nodes to primary outputs. This is done for all or most nodes of the circuit. For sequential circuits, in particular, the complexity of finding suitable tests is very high. In comparison, the IDDQ test does not observe the logic states, but measures the integrated current that leaks through all gates. In other words, it is like measuring a patient's temperature to determine the state of health. Despite perceived advantages, during the years that followed its initial announcements, skepticism about the practicality of IDDQ testing prevailed. The idea, however, provided a great opportunity to researchers. New results on test generation, fault simulation, design for testability, built-in self-test, and diagnosis for this style of testing have since been reported. After a decade of research, we are definitely closer to practice.

Many professionals and students in engineering, science, business, and other application fields need to develop Windows-based and web-enabled information systems to store and use data for decision support, without help from professional programmers. However, few books are available to train professionals and students who are not professional programmers to develop these information systems. Developing Windows-Based and Web-Enabled Information Systems fills this gap, providing a self-contained, easy-to-understand, and well-illustrated text that explores current concepts, methods, and software tools for developing Windows-based and web-enabled information systems. Written in an easily accessible style, the book details current concepts, methods, and software tools for Windows-based and web-enabled information systems that store and use data. It is self-contained with easy-to-understand small examples to walk through concepts and implementation details along with large-scale case studies. The book describes data modeling methods including entity-relationship modeling, relational modeling and normalization, and object-oriented data modeling, to develop data models of a database. The author covers how to use software tools in the Microsoft application development environment, including Microsoft Access, MySQL, SQL, Visual Studio, Visual Basic, VBA, HTML, and XML, to implement databases and develop Windows-based and web-enabled applications with the database, graphical user interface, and program components. The book takes you through the entire process of developing a computer and network application for an information system, highlighting concepts and operation details. In each chapter, small data examples are used to manually walk through concepts and operational details. These features and more give you the conceptual understanding and practical skill required, even if you don't have a computer science background, to develop Windows-based or web-enabled applications for your specialized information system.

Absolute clarity is the aim with a new generation of revision guide for the 2020s. This guide has been expertly compiled and edited by successful former teachers of Computer Science, highly experienced examiners and a good dollop of scientific research into what makes revision most effective. Past examinations questions are essential to good preparation, improving understanding and confidence. This guide has combined revision with tips and more practice questions than you could shake a stick at. All the essential ingredients for getting a grade you can be really proud of. Each specification topic has been referenced and distilled into the key points to make in an examination for top marks. Questions on all topics assessing knowledge, application and analysis are all specifically and carefully devised throughout this book.

An introduction to advanced C++, specialized for scientific programmers

C++ Scientific Programming teaches the design of programs for scientific computation in C++. It introduces unique C++ classes for vectors, dense matrices, and sparse matrices, and defines the particular relationships among these classes. It then demonstrates how to use these fundamental classes in a dozen of the most powerful current applications.

The author limits the scope of the book to features that are specifically useful to scientific programmers. He presents a set of practices that allows programmers to embrace the attractive features of C++ without incurring undesired side effects and hidden costs. He illustrates these practices by implementing major contemporary numerical methods and providing examples for execution with a C++ compiler. A collection of source code files correlated with the content of the book can be downloaded from the Wiley ftp site.

C++ Scientific Programming shows how C++ improves on both FORTRAN and C and affords greater convenience and efficiency in coding mathematics. It serves as a vital companion to more general C++ texts and treats the unique needs of scientific programmers.

This book provides an up-to-date account of current research in quantum information theory, at the intersection of theoretical computer science, quantum physics, and mathematics. The book confronts many unprecedented theoretical challenges generated by infi nite dimensionality and memory effects in quantum communication. The book will also equip readers with all the required mathematical tools to understand these essential questions.

This book presents the stream-tube method (STM), a method offering computational means of dealing with the two- and three-dimensional properties of numerous incompressible materials in static and dynamic conditions. The authors show that the kinematics and stresses associated with the flow and deformation in such materials can be treated by breaking the system down into simple computational sub-domains in which streamlines are straight and parallel and using one or two mapping functions in steady-state and non-steady-state conditions. The STM is considered for various problems in non-Newtonian fluid mechanics with different geometries. The book makes use of examples and applications to illustrate the use of the STM. It explores the possibilities of computation on simple mapped rectangular domains and three-dimensional parallel-piped domains under different conditions. Complex materials with memory are considered simply without particle tracking problems. Readers, including researchers, engineers and graduate students, with a foundational knowledge of calculus, linear algebra, differential equations and fluid mechanics will benefit most greatly from this book.

This book focuses on several issues in the essence of information systems and their development as well as advanced utilization of new information technology. This book includes both theoretical foundations and practical approaches for each topic and should prove useful both to scientists in the field of information system science and to practitioners in information systems development and use. Many of the topics treated here have not appeared in the literature, although they are becoming increasingly important in the development of information systems. Topics covered include: contingencies in IT decision making; intelligent executive information systems; dynamic performance evaluation of information systems; exception handling in information systems, metamethodology of information system development and mobile computing. The outstanding feature of the book is its specific mixture of subjects under one framework of thinking about information systems. The book offers new perspectives on topics which are important today and in the future due to the rapidly changing nature of information systems and information technology. A useful book to researchers and systems developers, the book can also form the basis of an advanced course in information systems development.

Computation theory is a discipline that uses mathematical concepts and tools to expose the nature of "computation" and to explain a broad range of computational phenomena: Why is it harder to perform some computations than others? Are the differences in difficulty that we observe inherent, or are they artifacts of the way we try to perform the computations? How does one reason about such questions? This unique textbook strives to endow students with conceptual and manipulative tools necessary to make computation theory part of their professional lives. The work achieves this goal by means of three stratagems that set its approach apart from most other texts on the subject. For starters, it develops the necessary mathematical concepts and tools from the concepts' simplest instances, thereby helping students gain operational control over the required mathematics. Secondly, it organizes development of theory around four "pillars," enabling students to see computational topics that have the same intellectual origins in physical proximity to one another. Finally, the text illustrates the "big ideas" that computation theory is built upon with applications of these ideas within "practical" domains in mathematics, computer science, computer engineering, and even further afield. Suitable for advanced undergraduate students and beginning graduates, this textbook augments the "classical" models that traditionally support courses on computation theory with novel models inspired by "real, modern" computational topics,such as crowd-sourced computing, mobile computing, robotic path planning, and volunteer computing. Arnold L. Rosenberg is Distinguished Univ. Professor Emeritus at University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA. Lenwood S. Heath is Professor at Virgina Tech, Blacksburg, USA.

Attacks on information systems and applications have become more prevalent with new advances in technology. Management of security and quick threat identification have become imperative aspects of technological applications. Information Technology Risk Management and Compliance in Modern Organizations is a pivotal reference source featuring the latest scholarly research on the need for an effective chain of information management and clear principles of information technology governance. Including extensive coverage on a broad range of topics such as compliance programs, data leak prevention, and security architecture, this book is ideally designed for IT professionals, scholars, researchers, and academicians seeking current research on risk management and compliance.

This book provides basic and practical techniques of parallel computing and related methods of numerical analysis for researchers who conduct numerical calculation and simulation. Although the techniques provided in this book are field-independent, these methods can be used in fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, earth sciences, space science, meteorology, disaster prevention, and manufacturing. In particular, those who develop software code in these areas will find this book useful. The contents are suitable for graduate students and researchers in computational science rather than novices at programming or informed experts in computer science.Starting with an introduction to the recent trends in computer architecture and parallel processing, Chapter 1 explains the basic knowledge of speedup programs with simple examples of numerical computing. Chapters 2 - 4 detail the basics of parallel programming, the message passing interface (MPI), and OpenMP and discuss hybrid parallelization techniques. Showing an actual example of adaptation, Chapter 5 gives an overview of performance tuning and communication optimizations. To deal with dense matrix calculations, Chapter 6 details the basics and practice of linear algebra calculation libraries BLAS and LAPACK, including some examples that can be easily reproduced by readers using free software. Focusing on sparse matrix calculations, Chapter 7 explains high performance algorithms for numerical linear algebra. Chapter 8 introduces the fast Fourier transform in large-scale systems from the basics. Chapter 9 explains optimization and related topics such as debug methods and version control systems. Chapter 10 discusses techniques for increasing computation accuracy as an essential topic in numerical calculation. This is the first of the two volumes that grew out of a series of lectures in the K computer project in Japan. The second volume will focus on advanced techniques and examples of applications in materials science.

Design Science Research is a powerful paradigm enabling researchers to make important contributions to society and industry. Simply stated, the goal of DSR is to generate knowledge on how to find innovative solutions to important problems in the form of models, methods, constructs and instantiations. Over the past 20 years, the design science research (DSR) paradigm has developed into an established paradigm in Information Systems Research and it is of strong uptake in many other disciplines, including Management Science and Computer Science. This book provides a collection of twelve DSR cases, presented by experienced researchers in the field. It offers readers access to real-world DSR studies, together with the authors' reflections on their research processes. These cases will support researchers who want to engage in DSR, and represent a valuable addition to existing introductions to DSR methods and processes. Readers will learn from the hands-on experiences of respected experts who have conducted extensive DSR in a range of application contexts.

Co-Synthesis of Hardware and Software for Digital Embedded Systems, with a Foreword written by Giovanni De Micheli, presents techniques that are useful in building complex embedded systems. These techniques provide a competitive advantage over purely hardware or software implementations of time-constrained embedded systems. Recent advances in chip-level synthesis have made it possible to synthesize application-specific circuits under strict timing constraints. This work advances the state of the art by formulating the problem of system synthesis using both application-specific as well as reprogrammable components, such as off-the-shelf processors. Timing constraints are used to determine what part of the system functionality must be delegated to dedicated application-specific hardware while the rest is delegated to software that runs on the processor. This co-synthesis of hardware and software from behavioral specifications makes it possible to realize real-time embedded systems using off-the-shelf parts and a relatively small amount of application-specific circuitry that can be mapped to semi-custom VLSI such as gate arrays. The ability to perform detailed analysis of timing performance provides the opportunity of improving the system definition by creating better phototypes. Co-Synthesis of Hardware and Software for Digital Embedded Systems is of interest to CAD researchers and developers who want to branch off into the expanding field of hardware/software co-design, as well as to digital system designers who are interested in the present power and limitations of CAD techniques and their likely evolution.

Strengthen your students' understanding and upgrade their confidence with our AQA Computer Science workbooks, full of self-contained exercises to consolidate knowledge and improve performance. Written by an experienced Computer Science author and teacher, these full colourworkbooks provide stimulus materials on a number of AS and A-level topics, followed by sets of questions designed to develop and test skills in the unit. * With consolidation questions to reinforce knowledge and test understanding, these workbooks will raise your students' chances of achieving the highest grades. * Helps students identify their revision needs and see how to target the top grades using online answers for each question. * Saves valuable preparation time and expense, with self-contained exercises that don't need photocopying and provide instant lesson and homework solutions for specialist and non-specialist teachers. * Encourages ongoing revision throughout the course as students progressively develop their skills in class and at home.

Exam board: AQA Level: A-level Subject: Computer Science First teaching: September 2015 First exams: Summer 2016 (AS); Summer 2017 (A-level) Strengthen your students' understanding and upgrade their confidence with our AQA Computer Science workbooks, full of self-contained exercises to consolidate knowledge and improve performance. Written by an experienced Computer Science author and teacher, these full colourworkbooks provide stimulus materials on a number of AS and A-level topics, followed by sets of questions designed to develop and test skills in the unit. * With consolidation questions to reinforce knowledge and test understanding, these workbooks will raise your students' chances of achieving the highest grades. * Helps students identify their revision needs and see how to target the top grades using online answers for each question. * Saves valuable preparation time and expense, with self-contained exercises that don't need photocopying and provide instant lesson and homework solutions for specialist and non-specialist teachers. * Encourages ongoing revision throughout the course as students progressively develop their skills in class and at home.

Part of the broader research field of natural computing, Membrane Computing is an area within computing science that aims to abstract computing ideas and models from the structure and functioning of living cells, as well as from the way the cells are organized in tissues or higher order structures. It studies models of computation (known as P systems) inspired by the biochemistry of cells, in particular by the role of membranes in the compartmentalization of living cells into "protected reactors."
This handbook provides both a comprehensive survey of available knowledge and established research topics, and a guide to recent developments in the field, covering the subject from theory to applications. The handbook is suitable both for introducing novices to this area of research, and as a main source of reference for active researchers. It sets out the necessary biological and formal background, with the introductory chapter serving as a gentle introduction to and overview of membrane computing. Individual chapters, written by leading researchers in membrane computing, present the state of the art of all main research trends and include extensive bibliographies.

Electronic Chips & Systems Design Languagesoutlines and describes the latest advances in design languages. The challenge of System on a Chip (SOC) design requires designers to work in a multi-lingual environment which is becoming increasingly difficult to master. It is therefore crucial for them to learn, almost in real time, from the experiences of their colleagues in the use of design languages and how these languages have become more advanced to cope with system design. System designers, as well as students willing to become system designers, often do not have the time to attend all scientific events where they could learn the necessary information. This book will bring them a selected digest of the best contributions and industry strength case studies. All the levels of abstraction that are relevant, from the informal user requirements down to the implementation specifications, are addressed by different contributors. The author, together with colleague authors who provide valuable additional experience, presents examples of actual industrial world applications. Furthermore the academic concepts presented in this book provide excellent theories to student readers and the concepts described are up to date and in so doing provide most suitable root information for Ph.D. postgraduates.

Dependable Network Computing provides insights into various problems facing millions of global users resulting from the internet revolution'. It covers real-time problems involving software, servers, and large-scale storage systems with adaptive fault-tolerant routing and dynamic reconfiguration techniques. Also included is material on routing protocols, QoS, and dead- and live-lock free related issues. All chapters are written by leading specialists in their respective fields. Dependable Network Computing provides useful information for scientists, researchers, and application developers building networks based on commercially off-the-shelf components.

Discover the great advantages and benefits of working in the medium film format or with the large digital sensor units in Hasselblad digital cameras and digital backs. Presented in an easily accessible format, this book shows the working and manipulation of the various cameras. Detailed illustrations dissect the equipment and provide insight into the ways in which these superb cameras and lenses are best utilized to create professional quality images. This edition of the Manual will bring you up to date with the latest features available within the popular Hasselblad camera systems emphasizing that camera and lens are the most important tools for creating exciting images whether you work digitally or with film. The complete Hasselblad camera system is discussed by renowned author and Hasselblad insider, Ernst Wildi, who provides a solid foundation of both traditional photography and digital capture techniques. Inside you'll also find inspiring photographs from well-known photographers, illustrating a variety of photographic techniques using a Hasselblad camera.

Introduction to Programming with Java: A Problem Solving Approach teaches the reader how to write programs using Java. It does so with a unique approach that combines fundamentals first with objects early. The book transitions smoothly through a carefully selected set of procedural programming fundamentals to object-oriented fundamentals. During this early transition and beyond, the book emphasizes problem solving. For example, Chapter 2 is devoted to algorithm development, Chapter 8 is devoted to program design, and problem-solving sections appear throughout the book. The third edition introduces several new Java language features, most of the end-of-chapter GUI sections and the final GUI chapters use JavaFX, and almost all end-of-chapter exercises are new.

An understanding of the techniques used to make distributed computing systems and networks reliable, fault-tolerant and secure will be crucial to those who design and deploy the next generation of mission-critical applications and Web Services.

Reliable Distributed Systems reviews and describes the key concepts, principles and applications of modern distributed computing systems and architectures. This self-contained book consists of five parts. The first covers introductory material, including the basic architecture of the Internet, simple protocols such as RPC and TCP, object oriented architectures, operating systems enhance-ments for high performance, and reliability issues. The second covers the Web, with a focus on Web Services technologies, Microsofta (TM)s .NET and the Java Enterprise Edition. The last three parts look at a number of reliability and fault-tolerance issues and techniques, with an emphasis on replication applied in Web Services settings.

Topics and features:

* Explains fault-tolerance in clear, readily understood terms with concrete examples drawn from real-world settings

* A practical focus aimed at building "mission-critical" networked applications that keep working even when things go wrong

* Includes modern topics, such as Corba, Web Services, XML, .NET, J2EE, group communication, transactions, peer-to-peer systems, time-critical protocols, scalability and security

* Thorough coverage of fundamental mechanisms, with an emphasis on the idea of "consistent behavior" in systems that replicate critical components for availability

* Reviews more than 25 major research efforts, placing them in context with pointers to sources

*Includes 80 problems ranging from simple tests of understanding to challenging protocol and systems design topics suitable for semester-long projects

* Web-based materials for instructors, including a comprehensive slide set, available at: http: //www.cs.cornell.edu/ken/book

With its well-focused approach and clarity of presentation, this new text is an excellent resource for both advanced students and practitioners in computer science, computer networks and distributed systems. Anyone seeking a solid background in distributed computing and Web Services architectures will find the book an essential and practical learning tool.

This title discusses design strategies, implementation difficulties, and the effectiveness of online labs. It provides scholars, researchers, and practitioners support for lab-based e-learning, gives guidance on the selection of technologies for various projects, and illustrates Web-based teaching with case studies.

Reconfigurable computing brings immense flexibility to on-chip processing while network-on-chip has improved flexibility in on-chip communication. Integrating these two areas of research reaps the benefits of both and represents the promising future of multiprocessor systems-on-chip. Dynamic Reconfigurable Network-on-Chip Design: Innovations for Computational Processing and Communication is the one of the first compilations written to demonstrate this future for network -on-chip design. Through dynamic and creative research into questions ranging from integrating reconfigurable computing techniques, to task assigning, scheduling and arrival, to designing an operating system to take advantage of the computing and communication flexibilities brought about by run-time reconfiguration and network-on-chip, this book represents a complete source of the techniques and applications for reconfigurable network-on-chip necessary for understanding of future of this field.