The study of the brain and behavior is illuminated with the discovery of invariances. Experimental brain research uncovers constancies amidst variation, with respect to interventions and transformations prescribed by experimental paradigms. Place cells, mirror neurons, event related potentials and areas differentially active in fMRI, all illustrate the pervasive role of invariances in neural systems in relation to their function.

Cybersecurity risk is a top-of-the-house issue for all organizations. Cybertax-Managing the Risks and Results is a must read for every current or aspiring executive seeking the best way to manage and mitigate cybersecurity risk. It examines cybersecurity as a tax on the organization and charts the best ways leadership can be cybertax efficient. Viewing cybersecurity through the cybertax lens provides an effective way for non-cybersecurity experts in leadership to manage and govern cybersecurity in their organizations The book outlines questions and leadership techniques to gain the relevant information to manage cybersecurity threats and risk. The book enables executives to: Understand cybersecurity risk from a business perspective Understand cybersecurity risk as a tax (cybertax) Understand the cybersecurity threat landscape Drive business-driven questions and metrics for managing cybersecurity risk Understand the Seven C's for managing cybersecurity risk Governing the cybersecurity function is as important as governing finance, sales, human resources, and other key leadership responsibilities Executive leadership needs to manage cybersecurity risk like they manage other critical risks, such as sales, finances, resources, and competition. This book puts managing cybersecurity risk on an even plane with these other significant risks that demand leader ships' attention. The authors strive to demystify cybersecurity to bridge the chasm from the top-of-the-house to the cybersecurity function. This book delivers actionable advice and metrics to measure and evaluate cybersecurity effectiveness across your organization.

More frequent and complex cyber threats require robust, automated and rapid responses from cyber security specialists. This book offers a complete study in the area of graph learning in cyber, emphasising graph neural networks (GNNs) and their cyber security applications. Three parts examine the basics; methods and practices; and advanced topics. The first part presents a grounding in graph data structures and graph embedding and gives a taxonomic view of GNNs and cyber security applications. Part two explains three different categories of graph learning including deterministic, generative and reinforcement learning and how they can be used for developing cyber defence models. The discussion of each category covers the applicability of simple and complex graphs, scalability, representative algorithms and technical details. Undergraduate students, graduate students, researchers, cyber analysts, and AI engineers looking to understand practical deep learning methods will find this book an invaluable resource.

More frequent and complex cyber threats require robust, automated and rapid responses from cyber security specialists. This book offers a complete study in the area of graph learning in cyber, emphasising graph neural networks (GNNs) and their cyber security applications. Three parts examine the basics; methods and practices; and advanced topics. The first part presents a grounding in graph data structures and graph embedding and gives a taxonomic view of GNNs and cyber security applications. Part two explains three different categories of graph learning including deterministic, generative and reinforcement learning and how they can be used for developing cyber defence models. The discussion of each category covers the applicability of simple and complex graphs, scalability, representative algorithms and technical details. Undergraduate students, graduate students, researchers, cyber analysts, and AI engineers looking to understand practical deep learning methods will find this book an invaluable resource.

This book introduces readers to a reconfigurable chip architecture for future wireless communication systems, such as 5G and beyond. The proposed architecture perfectly meets the demands for future mobile communication solutions to support different standards, algorithms, and antenna sizes, and to accommodate the evolution of standards and algorithms. It employs massive MIMO detection algorithms, which combine the advantages of low complexity and high parallelism, and can fully meet the requirements for detection accuracy. Further, the architecture is implemented using ASIC, which offers high energy efficiency, high area efficiency and low detection error. After introducing massive MIMO detection algorithms and circuit architectures, the book describes the ASIC implementation for verifying the massive MIMO detection. In turn, it provides detailed information on the proposed reconfigurable architecture: the data path and configuration path for massive MIMO detection algorithms, including the processing unit, interconnections, storage mechanism, configuration information format, and configuration method.

Electrical Engineering Electric Power Applications of Fuzzy Systems Let world-renowned electrical engineers introduce you to the latest developments in the application of one of the fastest growing artificial intelligence techniques for power systems--fuzzy system theory. Compiled and edited by well-known power systems educator Mohamed E. El-Hawary, Electric Power Applications of Fuzzy Systems assembles a distinguished panel of highly regarded experts to bring you original, up-to-date coverage of the applications of fuzzy systems. This volume presents theoretical background material from a practical point of view and then explores a number of applications of fuzzy systems. Each chapter features an informative introduction. Look for succinct, practical discussions on:

• Fuzzy sets
• Fuzzy controllers
• Fuzzy perspectives on power system reliability, condition monitoring, and diagnostics
• Ground-breaking chapter on applications in operational planning
• Up-to-the-minute chapter on fuzzy applications in deregulated environment

Research and development of logic synthesis and verification have matured considerably over the past two decades. Many commercial products are available, and they have been critical in harnessing advances in fabrication technology to produce today's plethora of electronic components. While this maturity is assuring, the advances in fabrication continue to seemingly present unwieldy challenges. Logic Synthesis and Verification provides a state-of-the-art view of logic synthesis and verification. It consists of fifteen chapters, each focusing on a distinct aspect. Each chapter presents key developments, outlines future challenges, and lists essential references. Two unique features of this book are technical strength and comprehensiveness. The book chapters are written by twenty-eight recognized leaders in the field and reviewed by equally qualified experts. The topics collectively span the field. Logic Synthesis and Verification fills a current gap in the existing CAD literature. Each chapter contains essential information to study a topic at a great depth, and to understand further developments in the field. The book is intended for seniors, graduate students, researchers, and developers of related Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools. From the foreword: "The commercial success of logic synthesis and verification is due in large part to the ideas of many of the authors of this book. Their innovative work contributed to design automation tools that permanently changed the course of electronic design." by Aart J. de Geus, Chairman and CEO, Synopsys, Inc.

The Physics of Information Technology explores the familiar devices that we use to collect, transform, transmit, and interact with electronic information. Many such devices operate surprisingly close to very many fundamental physical limits. Understanding how such devices work, and how they can (and cannot) be improved, requires deep insight into the character of physical law as well as engineering practice. The book starts with an introduction to units, forces, and the probabilistic foundations of noise and signalling, then progresses through the electromagnetics of wired and wireless communications, and the quantum mechanics of electronic, optical, and magnetic materials, to discussions of mechanisms for computation, storage, sensing, and display. This self-contained volume will help both physical scientists and computer scientists see beyond the conventional division between hardware and software to understand the implications of physical theory for information manipulation.

Mobile biometrics - the use of physical and/or behavioral characteristics of humans to allow their recognition by mobile/smart phones - aims to achieve conventional functionality and robustness while also supporting portability and mobility, bringing greater convenience and opportunity for its deployment in a wide range of operational environments from consumer applications to law enforcement. But achieving these aims brings new challenges such as issues with power consumption, algorithm complexity, device memory limitations, frequent changes in operational environment, security, durability, reliability, and connectivity. Mobile Biometrics provides a timely survey of the state of the art research and developments in this rapidly growing area. Topics covered in Mobile Biometrics include mobile biometric sensor design, deep neural network for mobile person recognition with audio-visual signals, active authentication using facial attributes, fusion of shape and texture features for lip biometry in mobile devices, mobile device usage data as behavioral biometrics, continuous mobile authentication using user phone interaction, smartwatch-based gait biometrics, mobile four-fingers biometrics system, palm print recognition on mobile devices, periocular region for smartphone biometrics, and face anti-spoofing on mobile devices.

Whether the source is more industry-based or academic research, there certainly appears to be a growing interest in the field of cryptocurrency. The New York Times had a cover story on March 24, 2022, titled "Time to Enter the Crypto Zone?," and they talked about institutional investors pouring billions into digital tokens, salaries being taken in Bitcoins, and even Bitcoin ATMs in grocery stores. Certainly, there have been ups and downs in crypto, but it has a kind of alluring presence that tempts one to include crypto as part of one’s portfolio. Those who are "prime crypto-curious" investors are usually familiar with the tech/pop culture and feel they want to diversify a bit in this fast-moving market. Even universities are beginning to offer more courses and create "Centers on Cryptocurrency." Some universities are even requiring their students who take a crypto course to pay the course tuition via cryptocurrency. In response to the growing interest and fascination about the crypto industry and cryptocurrency in general, Cryptocurrency Concepts, Technology, and Applications brings together many leading worldwide contributors to discuss a broad range of issues associated with cryptocurrency. The book covers a wide array of crypto-related topics, including: Blockchain NFTs Data analytics and AI Crypto crime Crypto industry and regulation Crypto and public choice Consumer confidence Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Presenting various viewpoints on where the crypto industry is heading, this timely book points out both the advantages and limitations of this emerging field. It is an easy-to-read, yet comprehensive, overview of cryptocurrency in the U.S. and international markets.

Whether the source is more industry-based or academic research, there certainly appears to be a growing interest in the field of cryptocurrency. The New York Times had a cover story on March 24, 2022, titled "Time to Enter the Crypto Zone?," and they talked about institutional investors pouring billions into digital tokens, salaries being taken in Bitcoins, and even Bitcoin ATMs in grocery stores. Certainly, there have been ups and downs in crypto, but it has a kind of alluring presence that tempts one to include crypto as part of one’s portfolio. Those who are "prime crypto-curious" investors are usually familiar with the tech/pop culture and feel they want to diversify a bit in this fast-moving market. Even universities are beginning to offer more courses and create "Centers on Cryptocurrency." Some universities are even requiring their students who take a crypto course to pay the course tuition via cryptocurrency. In response to the growing interest and fascination about the crypto industry and cryptocurrency in general, Cryptocurrency Concepts, Technology, and Applications brings together many leading worldwide contributors to discuss a broad range of issues associated with cryptocurrency. The book covers a wide array of crypto-related topics, including: Blockchain NFTs Data analytics and AI Crypto crime Crypto industry and regulation Crypto and public choice Consumer confidence Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Presenting various viewpoints on where the crypto industry is heading, this timely book points out both the advantages and limitations of this emerging field. It is an easy-to-read, yet comprehensive, overview of cryptocurrency in the U.S. and international markets.

Cybersecurity risk is a top-of-the-house issue for all organizations. Cybertax-Managing the Risks and Results is a must read for every current or aspiring executive seeking the best way to manage and mitigate cybersecurity risk. It examines cybersecurity as a tax on the organization and charts the best ways leadership can be cybertax efficient. Viewing cybersecurity through the cybertax lens provides an effective way for non-cybersecurity experts in leadership to manage and govern cybersecurity in their organizations The book outlines questions and leadership techniques to gain the relevant information to manage cybersecurity threats and risk. The book enables executives to: Understand cybersecurity risk from a business perspective Understand cybersecurity risk as a tax (cybertax) Understand the cybersecurity threat landscape Drive business-driven questions and metrics for managing cybersecurity risk Understand the Seven C's for managing cybersecurity risk Governing the cybersecurity function is as important as governing finance, sales, human resources, and other key leadership responsibilities Executive leadership needs to manage cybersecurity risk like they manage other critical risks, such as sales, finances, resources, and competition. This book puts managing cybersecurity risk on an even plane with these other significant risks that demand leader ships' attention. The authors strive to demystify cybersecurity to bridge the chasm from the top-of-the-house to the cybersecurity function. This book delivers actionable advice and metrics to measure and evaluate cybersecurity effectiveness across your organization.

With emphasis on modern techniques, Numerical Methods for Differential Equations: A Computational Approach covers the development and application of methods for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations. Some of the methods are extended to cover partial differential equations. All techniques covered in the text are on a program disk included with the book, and are written in Fortran 90. These programs are ideal for students, researchers, and practitioners because they allow for straightforward application of the numerical methods described in the text. The code is easily modified to solve new systems of equations. Numerical Methods for Differential Equations: A Computational Approach also contains a reliable and inexpensive global error code for those interested in global error estimation. This is a valuable text for students, who will find the derivations of the numerical methods extremely helpful and the programs themselves easy to use. It is also an excellent reference and source of software for researchers and practitioners who need computer solutions to differential equations.

Digital Intermediation offers a new framework for understanding content creation and distribution across automated media platforms - a new mediatisation process. The book draws on empirical and theoretical research to carefully identify and describe a number of unseen digital infrastructures that contribute to a predictive media production process through technologies, institutions and automation. Field data is drawn from several international sites, including Los Angeles, San Francisco, Portland, London, Amsterdam, Munich, Berlin, Hamburg, Sydney and Cartagena. By highlighting an increasingly automated content production and distribution process, the book responds to a number of regulatory debates on the societal impact of social media platforms. It highlights emerging areas of key importance that shape the production and distribution of social media content, including micro-platformization and digital first personalities. The book explains how technologies, institutions and automation are used within agencies to increase exposure for the talent they manage, while providing inside access to the processes and requirements of producers who create content for platform algorithms. Finally, it outlines user agency as a strategy for those who seek diversity in the information they access on automated social media content distribution platforms. The findings in this book provide key recommendations for policymakers working within digital media platforms, and will be invaluable reading for students and academics interested in automated media environments.

This book examines the implementation of emerging technology projects in the service-based Indian IT sector. The title shows how emerging technologies impact IT-enabled Services (ITeS) organizations and examines the mobility prospects for engineers and students looking to enter IT. Indian IT, dominated by organizations offering ITeS, provides services to clients across the world. Fueling this sector's growth are engineering graduates. Emerging technologies such as AI, Big Data, Cloud, and Blockchain, have brought the IT and engineering education sectors to a crossroads, with global implications. The IT sector is facing growing demands for new technology solutions from its clients and it is engineering students who are expected to upskill in order to build these solutions. The volume provides a rare, bottom-up look at the intersection of technology, education and organizational structure, based on an ethnographic study. This book will be a helpful and unique resource for managers in IT enabled Services grappling with emerging technologies, researchers looking at how emerging technologies impact organizations and for those developing innovative IT courses in higher education. Readers interested in the global structure of IT education and industry will also find a fresh, ethnographically-informed take on these issues.

Discusses digital fashion design and e-prototyping, including 2D/3D CAD, fashion simulation, fit analysis, digital pattern cutting, marker making, and the zero-waste concept Covers digital human modelling and VR/AR technology Details digital fashion business and promotion, including application of e-tools for supply chain, e-commerce, block chain technologies, big data, and AI

This book presents the outcomes of the trans- and interdisciplinary research project NEMo (Nachhaltige Erfullung von Mobilitatsbedurfnissen im landlichen Raum - Sustainable Fulfilment of Mobility Needs in Rural Areas). Due to demographic change, it is becoming increasingly difficult for rural districts and communities to maintain a basic set of public transport services such as bus and train transit without encountering issues regarding necessary social participation, sensible regional value creation and, last but not least, achievable environmental protection goals. At the same time, the demand for mobility in rural areas will continue to rise in the future, e.g. due to the concentration of medical care facilities and shopping centres close to cities. Focusing on the development of sustainable and innovative mobility services and business models, this book explains how new mobility offers can be created in which citizens themselves become mobility providers. To do so, it combines the findings of the individual research groups with external contributions from science and practice.

Statistical distributions are important tools to model the characteristics of data sets such as right or left skewness, bi-modality or multi-modality observed in different applied sciences such as engineering, medicine, and finance, among others. The well-known distributions such as normal, Weibull, gamma, Lindley are extensively used because of their simple forms and identifiability properties. However, mostly in the last decade or so, researchers have focused on the more complex and flexible distributions, referred to as Generalized or simply G families of distributions to increase the modeling ability of these distributions by adding one or more shape parameters. The main aim of this edited book is to present new development currently made by various researchers in the field of G families of contributions distributions. The book will help future and current researchers in the field of this research. Some of the objectives are listed below: Develop new univariate continuous and discrete G families of probability distributions. Develop new bivariate continuous and discrete G families of probability distributions. Derive useful mathematical properties such as, ordinary and incomplete moments, moments generating functions, residual life and reversed residual life functions, order statistics, quantile spread ordering and entropies, among others and some bivariate and multivariate extensions of the new and existing models using a simple type copula such as: Farlie Gumbel Morgenstern copula. Modified Farlie Gumbel Morgenstern copula. Clayton copula. Renyi entropy copula. Ali-Mikhail-Haq copula. haracterize the models via several techniques such as: the conditional expectation. the truncated moment. the hazard functions. Mills ratio. certain functions of the random variable. the 1st order statistic. the conditional expectation of the record values. Assess the performance of the used estimation methods via Monte-Carlo simulation studies. Show the wide importance and the flexibility of the new models against the competitive models. Construct some new regression models based on the new proposed G families and use in statistical prediction. Application of many new useful goodness-of-fit tests for right censored validation such as the Nikulin-Rao-Robson goodness-of-fit test, modified Nikulin-Rao-Robson goodness-of-fit test, Bagdonavicius-Nikulin goodness-of-fit test and modified Bagdonavicius-Nikulin goodness-of-fit test to the new families.

Drawing on the innovative concept of Organizational IQ and a study of companies in seventeen countries, Survival of the Smartest charts a course for managers to follow into the twenty-first century.

At the heart of the book is the authors' tool for assessing an organization's future health, which they call Organizational IQ. It measures a company's ability to quickly process information and make effective decisions. As industry clock speeds accelerate everywhere, a high IQ has become a prerequisite for survival. Low IQ companies that the authors studied, on the other hand, have already vanished.

Case studies from Hewlett-Packard, British Petroleum, Sun Microsystems, and Chrysler, among others, illustrate how companies can improve their Organizational IQs. How did Hewlett-Packard become the dominant player in printing? How did British Petroleum transform itself from a stodgy behemoth into the most agile and competitive player in the oil industry? How did Chrysler rise from the brink of bankruptcy to become the auto industry's prized asset?

In these companies, technology by itself played only a secondary role: to be successful, the entire organization had to become smarter. The authors show how key strategic decisions turned around these companies' Organizational IQs—and with it, their fortunes. A detailed company case study takes you in slow motion through the different steps you can take to improve the IQ of your own organization.

Survival of the Smartest offers a rare blend of a coherent framework, in-depth company case studies, a sound research base, and a detailed, step-by-step implementation example. Based on a landmark study of 164 organizations worldwide, conducted as part of a partnership between Stanford University, McKinsey & Company, and the University of Augsburg, Organizational IQ is proving to be the acid test for the success or failure of companies around the world.

"Survival of the Smartest is a practical and action-oriented road map for managing in the Information Age. It can save you much pain by tapping into the experience of managers who have done it before."—Eric Benhamou, CEO, 3Com

"Most executives acknowledge that they need to prepare their organizations for the challenges of the 21st century. But how do you know where you stand and what are the most important levers for improvement? Survival of the Smartest is a must read for any manager who is looking for answers to these questions."—Guenter Mooshammer, Senior Vice President, Vishay Semiconductor

"Mendelson and Ziegler brilliantly capture the character of organizations smart enough to function successfully in a turbulent world. Loaded with powerful concepts and how companies have successfully applied them, Survival of the Smartest will teach you how to create a "High-IQ" company and avoid the traps that make good companies mediocre."—Jerry Porras, Lane Professor of Organizational Behavior, Stanford Business School, and coauthor, Built to Last.

"Professor Mendelson and Dr. Ziegler make it abundantly clear that if your organization is not on the path to becoming a high-IQ company, then it is probably on the road to extinction. This book packs a lot of wisdom that is eminently useful to companies large and small, hi-tech and low-tech. With a solid research base at Stanford Business School and loads of real-world experience, Survival of the Smartest captures essential truths for management in the Information Age."—Charles Fine, Professor, Sloan School of Management, MIT, and author of Clockspeed: Winning Industry Control in the Age of Temporary Advantage.

"This book shows how winning information-age firms can turn speed from a potential problem into a weapon and turn a flood of information into a competitive advantage."—Scott Cook, cofounder, Intuit, Inc.

"Survival of the Smartest is a comprehensive set of tools for measuring the IQ of your organization and systematically improving an organization's ability to learn. I found the book to be both a pragmatic and practical way to hone the competitiveness of any company."—John McHugh, General Manager, Hewlett-Packard ProCurve Networking Business

This book is an insightful meta-narrative about schooling which explores the global natural experiment of the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential impact on school culture. The proposed book discusses how the abrupt and somewhat forced digital transformation of schooling on a global scale (caused by the COVID-19 pandemic) did not change the educational status quo. It states that online teaching and learning failed to transform the role of the key school actors, students and teachers as well as the relationship between them, despite megatrends such as digitalisation, automation and the development of artificial intelligence. This focus text discusses why the global experience of distance education did not translate into a significant qualitative change and provides a theoretical framework which enables the reader to interpret and explain the processes that occurred during distance education, as well as understand why extraordinarily little (if nothing) has changed in school culture. It will appeal to scholars and students from the sociology of education and from education studies, particularly those interested in school culture, innovation in education, online teaching and learning, curriculum studies, and education policy.

This volume presents a programming model, similar to object-oriented programming, that imposes a strict discipline on the form of the constituent objects and interactions among them. Concurrency considerations have been eliminated from the model itself and are introduced only during implementation, thereby freeing programmers from dealing with concurrency explicitly. Moreover, the resulting software designs are typically more modular and easier to analyze than the more traditional ones. Numerous examples illustrate various aspects of the model and reveal that a few simple, integrated features are adequate for designing complex applications. Topics and features: * Presents a simple, easy-to-understand multiprogramming model * Provides extensive development of the underlying theory * Emphasizes program composition, thereby making possible programming of large systems through modular designs * Eliminates explicit concurrency considerations during program design * Supplies efficient implementation schemes for distributed platforms. This book addresses the problem of developing complex distributed applications on wide-area networks, such as the Internet and World Wide Web, by using effective program design principles. Computer scientists, computer engineers, and software engineers will find the book an authoritative guide to large-scale multiprogramming.

The availability of packaged clustering programs means that anyone with data can easily do cluster analysis on it. But many users of this technology don't fully appreciate its many hidden dangers. In today's world of "grab and go algorithms," part of my motivation for writing this book is to provide users with a set of cautionary tales about cluster analysis, for it is very much an art as well as a science, and it is easy to stumble if you don't understand its pitfalls. Indeed, it is easy to trip over them even if you do! The parenthetical word usually in the title is very important, because all clustering algorithms can and do fail from time to time. Modern cluster analysis has become so technically intricate that it is often hard for the beginner or the non-specialist to appreciate and understand its many hidden dangers. Here's how Yogi Berra put it, and he was right: In theory there's no difference between theory and practice. In practice, there is ~Yogi Berra This book is a step backwards, to four classical methods for clustering in small, static data sets that have all withstood the tests of time. The youngest of the four methods is now almost 50 years old: Gaussian Mixture Decomposition (GMD, 1898) SAHN Clustering (principally single linkage (SL, 1909)) Hard c-means (HCM, 1956, also widely known as (aka) "k-means") Fuzzy c-means (FCM, 1973, reduces to HCM in a certain limit) The dates are the first known writing (to me, anyway) about these four models. I am (with apologies to Marvel Comics) very comfortable in calling HCM, FCM, GMD and SL the Fantastic Four. Cluster analysis is a vast topic. The overall picture in clustering is quite overwhelming, so any attempt to swim at the deep end of the pool in even a very specialized subfield requires a lot of training. But we all start out at the shallow end (or at least that's where we should start!), and this book is aimed squarely at teaching toddlers not to be afraid of the water. There is no section of this book that, if explored in real depth, cannot be expanded into its own volume. So, if your needs are for an in-depth treatment of all the latest developments in any topic in this volume, the best I can do - what I will try to do anyway - is lead you to the pool, and show you where to jump in.

What do philosophy and computer science have in common? It turns out, quite a lot! In providing an introduction to computer science (using Python), Daniel Lim presents in this book key philosophical issues, ranging from external world skepticism to the existence of God to the problem of induction. These issues, and others, are introduced through the use of critical computational concepts, ranging from image manipulation to recursive programming to elementary machine learning techniques. In illuminating some of the overlapping conceptual spaces of computer science and philosophy, Lim teaches the reader fundamental programming skills and also allows her to develop the critical thinking skills essential for examining some of the enduring questions of philosophy. Key Features Teaches readers actual computer programming, not merely ideas about computers Includes fun programming projects (like digital image manipulation and Game of Life simulation), allowing the reader to develop the ability to write larger computer programs that require decomposition, abstraction, and algorithmic thinking Uses computational concepts to introduce, clarify, and develop a variety of philosophical issues Covers various aspects of machine learning and relates them to philosophical issues involving science and induction as well as to ethical issues Provides a framework to critically analyze arguments in classic and contemporary philosophical debates