This book explores the history of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and its place within capitalist development. Since 1948, the OECD and its forerunner, the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) worked on almost every subject of interest to national governments ranging from economic growth to education (PISA rankings), statistics, to the environment. With varying success the OEEC/OECD thus played a key role as a warden of the West and of capitalist development. However, it has remained one of the least understood international organizations. Bringing together a number of case studies by scholars from around the world, this first source-based volume on the history of the OEEC/OECD in global governance offers not only a new understanding of the Organization's key areas of activities, but also its multiple relations to member states, other international organizations, and private networks. The volume thus critically re-examines postwar international history, most importantly decolonization and the Cold War, through the prism of one international organization in its various contexts.

This pathbreaking survey analyzes a complex subject and is especially timely at this critical juncture of international affairs. Abbas Alnasrawi covers the field from the emergence of modern Arab economic dependence to the present mid-eastern impasse. Alnasrawi contends that Arab economic development was shaped by Arab nationalist thought, the emergence of the oil industry in the Arab region, and the integration of Arab economies into the international economic system. The volume takes a clear-sighted look at the evolution of each of the three forces and details their impact on the development of the Arab economies, along with their present status. The contradictions between the needs of the single state and the needs of Arab economic integration, Arab unity, and pan-Arab economic planning receive special attention. Alnasrawi develops the concept of derivative dependency, illustrating the extent to which the economies of the non-oil states are being affected by what happens to the economies of the oil-producing states. The final chapter presents a detailed picture of the forces that led to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and integrates the events of August 1990 with the main themes of the book. Arab economic development is addressed in ten chapters that cover the period from the first phase of Arab dependency during the Ottoman period, 1500-1800, until the present time. Discussions of Arab dependency in the context of world capitalism, the emergence of modern Arab nationalism, and current Arab economic thought and writings are the focus of the first two chapters. Arab nationalism and Arab economic unity, multinational oil and the deepening of Arab dependency, and the Arab oil "weapon" areconsidered in the next three chapters. Chapter six examines the role of Saudi Arabia and the United States in the fall of OPEC. In "The 1980s, The Gulf War, and the Myth of Arab Oil Power," Alnasrawi explores the role of stockpiles, price revolution to price collapse, and the determinants of Saudi oil policy. Chapter eight takes a look at the dimensions of Arab economic dependency and closes with some observations on the political economy of Arab dependency. The book concludes with a chapter on the current problems of the Arab economies and their future prospects. Finally, the epilogue sheds new light on the present situation in Kuwait and shows how the Iraqi invasion supports the main themes of the volume. This in-depth review of Arab economic development puts this subject into a manageable context for students of Third World development, international relations, multinational oil policy, and foreign policy. It will also be an invaluable resource for courses dealing with the economics of oil, Middle East economic development, international economic problems, and international political economy.

A timely, provocative expose of America's political and business leadership's deep ties to China: a network of people who believe they are doing the right thing - at a profound and often hidden cost to American and Western interests. The past few years have seen a shift in the relations between China and the United States, from enthusiastic economic partners, to wary frenemies, to open rivals. Americans have been slow to wake up to the challenges posed by the Chinese Communist Party. Why did this happen? And what can be done about it? In America Second, Isaac Stone Fish traces the evolution of the Chinese Communist Party's influence in America. He shows how America's leaders initially welcomed China's entry into the US economy, believing that trade and engagement would lead to a more democratic China. And he explains how - despite the fact that this belief has proved misguided - many of the country's businesspeople and politicians have become too dependent on China to challenge it. America Second exposes a deep web of Chinese influence in America, built quietly over the years through prominent figures such as former secretaries of state Henry Kissinger and Madeleine Albright, Disney chairman Bob Iger, and members of the Bush political dynasty. And it shows how to fight that influence - without being paranoid, xenophobic, or racist. This is an authoritative and important story, not only of corruption but of misplaced intentions, with serious implications for the future of the United States, as well as for the world at large.

This book discusses the most recent developments in the WTO regime. Issues such as E-commerce, security exception clause, China's compliance with the WTO obligations, sustainability development, IP protection in FTZs, trade controls and etc., are at the forefront of WTO studies. These issues strongly influence people's understanding of the current role of WTO and provides possible way to revitalize the function of WTO. Meanwhile,  as the world's second largest economy, the world's largest trading nation and the holder of the world's largest foreign exchange reserves, China is apparently a powerful figure in leading these issues. Therefore, this book explores extensively these issues from a Chinese perspective to see what China could do to reboost the world trade.

Trying to trade stock, bond, commodity and currency markets without intermarket awareness is like trying to drive a car without looking out the side and rear windows—very dangerous. In this guide to intermarket analysis, the author uses years of experience in technical analysis plus extensive charts to clearly demonstrate the interrelationshps that exist among the various market sectors and their importance. You'll learn how to use activity in surrounding markets in the same way that most people employ traditional technical indicators for directional clues. Shows the analyst how to focus outward, rather than inward, to provide a more rational understanding of technical forces at work in the marketplace.

What part does technological knowledge accumulation play in modern economic growth? This book investigates and examines the predictions of new growth theory, using OECD manufacturing data. Its empirical findings portray a novel and complex picture of the features of long-term growth, where technological knowledge production and diffusion play a central part, alongside variations in capital and employment. A parallel examination of long-run trade patterns and government policy issues completes a broader account of how knowledge-based growth in industrial output is at the heart of modern economic prosperity.

This unconventional book addresses the imbalance of power between countries that give and receive funds for international financial development, with particular attention to the outcomes and impacts of this imbalance on recipient countries. It provides an in-depth analysis of the perceptions that population segments of recipient countries have of the power plays inherent in giving and receiving financial assistance, delving deep into the factors that affect these perceptions to examine how and why developed countries wield power over countries receiving financial assistance. While the text focuses primarily on African countries, it also addresses the broader power imbalance between developed countries in the global north and developing countries in the global south. It also examines perceptions of development assistance and power imbalance between the global south in general and the BRICS countries which provide assistance to the global south in particular. This book is an ideal tool for those studying the socioeconomic impacts of international financial assistance to developing countries.

This book analyzes the various problems of growth, trade and public policy from the perspective of applied economics, based on research in areas such as public policies, trade and regulation, and development economics. Part 1 investigates the broad problems of growth and regional economy, focusing on economic developments in Japan and Korea. Part 2 discusses trade and foreign investment in Japan, mainly on an empirical basis. Part 3 then examines various public economic policies using applied analysis tools. The papers in this volume have been collected to commemorate ten years of academic exchange between the Japan Association for Applied Economics (JAAE) and the Korean Economics and Business Association (KEBA), and include an applied economic analysis of growth and trade in Korea and Japan.

Colonialism persists in many African countries due to the continuation of imperial monetary policy. This is the little-known account of the CFA Franc and economic imperialism. The CFA Franc was created in 1945, binding fourteen African states and split into two monetary zones. Why did French colonial authorities create it and how does it work? Why was independence not extended to monetary sovereignty for former French colonies? Through an exploration of the genesis of the currency and an examination of how the economic system works, the authors seek to answer these questions and more. As protests against the colonial currency grow, the need for myth-busting on the CFA Franc is vital and this expose of colonial infrastructure proves that decolonisation is unfinished business.

Indian Tourism brings together leading experts from all over the world to assess the challenges and opportunities of the tourism sector in India and its correlation to the country's economic performance and prospects. Comparing current Indian tourism practices and performance with other global destinations enables a fascinating critical analysis of India's tourism sector in past and future national contexts. Establishing Indian Tourism in relation to global practices, as well as reviewing the research on the nation's tourism industry, authors also examine tourism products and experiences in the Indian context, including wellness tourism, cultural tourism, rural tourism, and dark tourism. The work is concluded by charting the way forward for Indian tourism performance, examining issues including converging responsible tourism with SMART destinations, climate change and India, and making India a safe destination.

This book provides a detailed examination of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) after closer integration in the European Union. An important facet of European economic integration was the development of a free-trade area in Central and Eastern Europe, which improved market accessibility. However, to date these relations have been little explored theoretically.The book examines foreign investments in different transition countries from both a theoretical and an empirical perspective. It analyzes changes in the choice of location by foreign investors in nineteen CEE countries between 1992 and 2015, and shows that it is linked to the removal of intra-regional trade barriers. The findings suggest that regional integration increases the incentives for multinationals to invest in the participating countries, especially in those with larger markets and lower production costs.

This book examines the issue of foreign investor misconduct in modern international investment law, focusing on the approach that international investment law as it currently operates has developed towards foreign investor misconduct. The term 'misconduct' is not a legal notion, but is used to describe a certain phenomenon, namely, a group/class of actions. This term is convenient since it makes it possible to introduce and describe the phenomenon as such, without a division into concrete types of conduct, like 'abuse of process', 'violation of national law', 'corruption', 'investment contrary to international norms and standards', etc. The term 'misconduct' is intended to embrace various kinds of conduct on the part of foreign investors that the system of international investment law does not accept - such as that which it regards as illegal, against public policy, or otherwise inappropriate - and triggers legal consequences. Rarely, however, does international investment law clearly articulate what it considers unacceptable investor conduct, and certainly not in any systematic fashion. As such, this book addresses the following questions: What types of investors' conduct are legally unacceptable? What mechanisms are available to deal with unacceptable investors' conduct, and what are the legal consequences?

By the middle of 1987, it had become apparent that the drift towards far-reaching economic and political reforms in Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union, China and a number of Asian centrally planned economies would have far-reaching implications for the world economy. As new institutional arrangements evolve in those economies, the changes inevitably affect their entire external trade and payment relations. In the initial phase the reform process as well as its external policy aspects evoked considerable scepticism among participants in the global economy. It was against this backdrop that the Department of International Economic and Social Affairs convened an international symposium on the external impact of the economic reforms in the aforementioned countries. Its principal purpose was twofold to evaluate the external aspects of the ongoing reforms and their implications for the participation of these economies in the global economic framework. On the other hand, the symposium was to identify areas in which the more imtimate integration of these countries into the global economic framework could be facilitated and to separate those fields from others that would need more research, d

This book provides readers with a comprehensive guide to other cultures - the often-unfamiliar ways that people from other cultures think, speak and act. As such, it helps readers identify potential and real conflicts, and to take appropriate action so as to build successful relationships. The book draws on the authors' combined experience from international line management and international projects, as well as teaching seminars and coaching clientele from around the globe. It offers an essential resource for anyone involved in transnational business and cross-border relationships.

Both parts of Volume 44 of Advances in Econometrics pay tribute to Fabio Canova for his major contributions to economics over the last four decades. Throughout his long and distinguished career, Canova's research has achieved both a prolific publication record and provided stellar research to the profession. His colleagues, co-authors and PhD students wish to express their deep gratitude to Fabio for his intellectual leadership and guidance, whilst showcasing the extensive advances in knowledge and theory made available by Canova for professionals in the field. Advances in Econometrics publishes original scholarly econometrics papers with the intention of expanding the use of developed and emerging econometric techniques by disseminating ideas on the theory and practice of econometrics throughout the empirical economic, business and social science literature. Annual volume themes, selected by the Series Editors, are their interpretation of important new methods and techniques emerging in economics, statistics and the social sciences.

Changing the Indian Economy: Renewal, Reform and Revival explores the fact that post-Modi India is witnessing unprecedented socioeconomic change, truly labeled as Modi's Mantra and his attempts to morph the Indian economic landscape. India is using an intelligent economic process for its renewal and growth, however, in a recent study by Nomura, 2016, The Japanese Financial Services firm, it is reported that there is downside risk to India's baseline forecast of 7.8 per cent GDP growth in 2016. Although the report suggests that there was a mid-cycle consolidation in mid-2014, the recovery seems to be losing momentum. This book offers a novel, but inclusive outlook to the entire post-Modi economic overhaul.

This book analyzes the role of energy in Indian foreign policy, particularly in defining bilateral relations. It also focuses on the critical gaps in conceptualizing its formulations and recommends a framework for sustainable energy security. India, the fourth largest consumer of oil, is an energy-deficit economy, importing more than eighty percent of its needs. This makes securing energy integral to its foreign policy goals. Obviously it is important for India to actively participate in the global energy market and establish robust, enduring and nuanced diplomatic relations with energy exporting countries. Equally important is that India diversifies its energy mix and moves towards carbon-free growth. Renewable energy is today high on the global energy agenda. Indian energy policy thus has to address a range of issues, domestically and on foreign turf. It has to move beyond the transactional mode by creating equity in the global energy industry. Today, the global energy regime is undergoing fundamental changes, as is the power dynamics of the global energy order. There are now many new producers and diverse consumers. The trade in energy has increased in volume and its direction has shifted from the West to the East, and the ongoing structural changes in the energy market call for a new security architecture. Given the complex and competitive environment of the new geo-economics and geopolitics of energy, the question could well be, should India frame energy issues in conflict mode or move toward innovative cooperation? In either case the message is that India needs an integrated energy security policy.

Globalization provokes both excitement and fear. This comprehensive collection, which brings together some of the most important published work on the subject, addresses a core issue of contention: the implications of globalization for poverty and inequality. While the debate is highly politicized, this insightful set of papers focuses on the contributions made by academic economists. Globalization may be regarded by some as the realization of new opportunities through the removal of barriers to the flows of goods, services, factors and knowledge. However, it may also have adverse consequences: notably for farmers and unskilled workers in rich countries and for workers in protected industries in poor countries. In addition, this important collection investigates the implications of globalization for the power of international corporations and for the sovereignty of poor countries. It also explores topics such as the history of globalization, migration, capital movements and international institutions.

This volume presents contributions that analyse the extraordinary impact of digital technology on business, services, and the production of value in many sectors of the economy. At the heart of this book is the fact that the entire digital economy is now worth almost 6% of global GDP, and it continues to grow at an unprecedented rate. The volume covers the general debate on taxation and the digital economy with the chapters by Russo, Makiyama and Boccia, before completing the analysis with discussion of three national case studies covering the U.S. (Pagano), U.K. (Leonardi) and Italy (Boccia and Leonardi). Contributors are leading experts in the fields of taxation and the digital economy and contextualise the key issues surrounding the digitalisation of the economy from an international perspective.

This book collects selected articles addressing several currently debated issues in the field of international macroeconomics. They focus on the role of the central banks in the debate on how to come to terms with the long-term decline in productivity growth, insufficient aggregate demand, high economic uncertainty and growing inequalities following the global financial crisis. Central banks are of considerable importance in this debate since understanding the sluggishness of the recovery process as well as its implications for the natural interest rate are key to assessing output gaps and the monetary policy stance. The authors argue that a more dynamic domestic and external aggregate demand helps to raise the inflation rate, easing the constraint deriving from the zero lower bound and allowing monetary policy to depart from its current ultra-accommodative position. Beyond macroeconomic factors, the book also discusses a supportive financial environment as a precondition for the rebound of global economic activity, stressing that understanding capital flows is a prerequisite for economic-policy decisions.

This book focuses on the market issues facing Asian industrialization and the possibility, feasibility, and sustainability of China integrating the Asian economics. How China's rise affects Asian market and the economic relation between China and other Asian economies? The book looks into this issue from market and regional perspectives and concludes that: Asian industrialization including China makes the unified regional market as the common goal of Asian economies; the integration of Asian markets is also a key strategy for China in the next 5-10 years; China may become a major player or even a leader in integrating regional markets; however, it will be a longtime process depending on China's economic strength in the future.

This book addresses topical questions concerning the legal framework of trade in services, and assesses how these issues are dealt with in GATS and in selected preferential trade agreements. In addition, the chapters discuss whether the differences and similarities (if any) are evidence of greater coherence or greater divergence. The book combines the individual analyses to provide a more comprehensive picture of the current law on services trade liberalisation.A quarter of a century after the conclusion of the General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATS), international law on trade in services is still in a state of flux: on the one hand, countries increasingly conclude bilateral and regional trade agreements with sections on trade in services that aim at a further liberalisation of services trade. On the other, the GATS structure remains the dominant model and serves as the basis for many preferential trade agreements. In addition, new aspects such as electronic commerce, data protection and taxation are now emerging, while issues that had already manifested in the mid-1990s such as financial services regulation, labour mobility, and telecommunications continue to be problematic. Usually, the debates focus on the question of whether preferential trade agreements serve as a stepping-stone or stumbling block for trade liberalisation at the multilateral level. However, it can be assumed that rules on trade in services in preferential trade agreements will coexist with the global GATS regime for the foreseeable future. This raises the question of whether we're currently witnessing a drive towards greater coherence or more divergence in agreements on trade in services.

This book presents a new framework for the 'trade and environment' debate and discusses the ways in which the EU and the WTO address this topic: positive, negative and non-integration. It analyses areas like food safety and renewable energy from the perspectives of legal and political science, and economics, and includes contributions focusing on various approaches, such as harmonisation, regulatory cooperation and judicialisation. In the 21st century, especially in our current times, where free trade and economic integration are increasingly being called into question, it is even more vital to find convincing normative answers and ways to address the very complex relationship between trade and environmental policies. Debunking some of the myths concerning positive and negative integration and the relationship between the two, this book is a valuable contribution to the debate on globalisation.

Immigration is right at the top of the political agenda for the 21st century. This book draws together and unifies analysis of immigration into the major EU countries and the US, presenting in an accessible and clear way the major trends and dramatic developments of the past decade. While the influence of the welfare state on immigration incentives is a key issue, various other influences on both legal and illegal migration are analysed, together with the implications of migration for the market outcomes on these two continents.

This textbook offers a comprehensive picture of the world economy, the global business environment, and international business. The book is divided into three parts, the first of which introduces readers to the essentials of the world economy, including its typology, key concepts and theories, the dynamics of the world economy, and key actors and institutions. It also addresses macroeconomic and financial indicators for economic growth and forecasting and discusses major modern trends and problems, such as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, patterns of globalization, shifts in global economic power, and developmental, social and environmental challenges. In turn, the second part focuses on the global business environments, presenting country and regional studies. The third part addresses macro and micro aspects of international business, featuring contributions on topics such as global economic governance, global capital flows, multinational corporations, global value chains, international trade and its regulation and practice, international knowledge transfer, international labor migration as well as foreign aid, external debt, and business culture in international business.