The creation of the European Central Bank and the Euro have brought new challenges to EU integration and economic policy. This book looks into issues of monetary and factor market policies. The analysis also presents new theoretical and empirical research on the - transitory - decline of the Euro. Issues of exchange rate policy and international economic relations also are addressed.

International Business is a well-established research field, in which regionalisation has recently gained significant prominence. Europe comprises marketplaces characterised by unique patterns of highly advanced economic integration. No other marketplace in the world has progressed to the same levels of harmonisation across sovereign countries and economies. European Business is a subject in its own right with its own research momentum. Contemporary research evidences that firms view Europe as a challenging, mostly - yet not entirely - mature market location. Yet this location, often seen from a multi-country perspective, is subject to complexities revealing strategic corporate strengths and weaknesses. Theory, concepts and models known from International Business hence often vary in their applicability and relevance in this business environment. This comprehensive reference volume brings together a global team of contributors to analyse and overview the key issues, themes and phenomena that affect business in Europe. With interdisciplinary perspectives, the book covers crucial themes that any European Business research needs to acknowledge, including business cultures and identity, entrepreneurship and innovation, M&A and institutional trends, European HRM, migration, climate change issues, Brexit, and more. The selection of authors, from 17 countries worldwide, reflects the international scope of this research field and its agenda. A unique resource, this book provides an essential guide to researchers, research students and scholars of business and the social sciences, as well as the informed business community.

This volume continues this series of international business issues with an exploration of the development and growing complexity of the global marketplace. One section should be of particular interest to those involved in European business. Entitled "Enlarging the European Perspective," it deals with marketing strategy in post-Cold War Eastern Europe and European integration and banking in Greece. The international theme is further developed with chapters on Mexico, the US and Japan.

Addressing the unprecedented international interest in China's high-speed railways, this book adopts a global perspective to examine the success of the system and probes into its going-global strategy in the context of the "Belt and Road" initiative, providing readers around the world a better understanding of infrastructure construction under the "Belt and Road" plan, as well as the global vision of communication and mutual exchange and prosperity among the countries along the Belt and Road route. The previous American President, Barack Obama, once told President Xi Jinping that there were two things about China that he particularly admired: the high-speed railway system, and the mathematics education. "The Belt and Road, and the Global Strategy of China's High-speed Rail" provides scholarly researchers and those generally interested in China's High-speed rail excellent insight into this impressive and rapid development.

This innovative book analyses the geographical patterns in foreign direct investment flows by combining elements from the theory of international production and the theory of economic geography. It develops a model for explaining why foreign direct investment is attracted to certain locations. The book examines foreign direct investment from a spatial perspective and considers how knowledge, regional synergies, economic integration, corporate strategies and networking affect patterns of investment. Using a model, Robert Morsink derives sets of determinants for different foreign direct investment patterns of multinationals and evaluates the corporate strategy behind these flows. First, he analyses investment flows within the European Union. Then, he goes into investments originating from the United States, Japan, Germany and the Netherlands and destined for Western Europe, South and Southeast Asia and North and South America. These analyses enable him to make suggestions for government policy at both the national and international level to attract foreign investment. Foreign Direct Investment and Corporate Networking will be of interest to economists working in the areas of international trade and investment, economic geographers and corporate strategy advisors as well as to policymakers from government and non-governmental organizations.

With a new introduction on the Ukraine crisis LONGLISTED FOR THE FINANCIAL TIMES BUSINESS BOOK OF THE YEAR 2022 A TIMES AND SUNDAY TIMES BUSINESS BOOK OF THE YEAR 2022 A DAILY MAIL BEST CURRENT AFFAIRS BOOK OF 2022 A DAILY MIRROR BEST NON-FICTION BOOK OF 2022 A SPECTATOR BOOK OF THE YEAR 2022 PRESENTER OF THE BBC RADIO 4 SERIES 'HOW TO STEAL A TRILLION' A WATERSTONES BEST POLITICS BOOK OF THE YEAR 2022 AN IRISH TIMES NON-FICTION BOOK OF THE YEAR 2022 How did Britain become the servant of the world's most powerful and corrupt men? From accepting multi-million pound tips from Russian oligarchs, to the offshore tax havens, meet Butler Britain... In his Sunday Times-bestselling expose, Oliver Bullough reveals how the UK took up its position at the elbow of the worst people on Earth: the oligarchs, kleptocrats and gangsters. Though the UK prides itself on values of fair play and the rule of law, few countries do more to frustrate global anti-corruption efforts. From the murky origins of tax havens and gambling centres in the British Virgin Islands and Gibraltar to the influence of oligarchs in the British establishment, Butler to the World is the story of how we became a nation of Jeeveses - and how it doesn't have to be this way.

This book aims to theoretically and empirically enrich the GVC accounting framework with statistical physics and complex network theory from the perspective of econophysics, thus adding up to the existing theories. Besides, it also aims at capturing the essences of network models such as topological complexity, hierarchy, transmissibility, interaction, and causality and reflecting the objective interrelations among economies or between economies and economic systems on the GVC, so as to reveal the inherent evolution of the cross-regional and even global economic systems.

Have you ever wondered why we can afford to buy far more clothes than our grandparents ever could . . . but may be less likely to own a home in which to keep them all? Why your petrol bill can double in a matter of months, but it never falls as fast? Behind all of this lies economics.; It's not always easy to grasp the complex forces that are shaping our lives. But by following a dollar on its journey around the globe, we can start to piece it all together.; The dollar is the lifeblood of globalisation. Greenbacks, singles, bucks or dead presidents: call them what you will, they are keeping the global economy going. Half of the notes in circulation are actually outside of the USA - and many of the world's dollars are owned by China.; But what is really happening as our cash moves around the world every day, and how does it affect our lives? By following $1 from a shopping trip in suburban Texas, via China's central bank, Nigerian railroads, the oilfields of Iraq and beyond, The Almighty Dollar reveals the economic truths behind what we see on the news every day. Why is China the world's biggest manufacturer - and the USA its biggest customer? Is free trade really a good thing? Why would a nation build a bridge on the other side of the planet?; In this illuminating read, economist Dharshini David lays bare these complex relationships to get to the heart of how our new globalised world works, showing who really holds the power, and what that means for us all

Those who study China's domestic economics tend to focus on its businesses, industries, supply chains, and energy market disruption through anecdotal case studies, which often point to impending collapse. This hardly squares with the dominant views of international relations scholarship, much of which focuses on system-level analyses and tends to predict that China will inevitably achieve ever-greater global power. It is no wonder that so many long-held assumptions about China have an air of paradox to them. Here Chi Lo presents the first full-length study to bring systemic analyses into dialog with domestic analyses, and in so doing, to show how each can challenge or refine the assumptions of the other. Taking on key presuppositions about the resilience (or otherwise) of China's economic fundamentals, and explaining why much of the global "common sense" about China is misinformed, this book applies evidence-based research to provide a novel picture of China's development and its place within the global economic system. China's Global Disruption: Myths and Reality is a must-read for students and researchers in both international studies and economics, and it is of keen interest to policymakers and practitioners concerned with China's ever-evolving place within the international political economy.

The 'Arab Spring' of 2011 has affected the countries of the region to varying degrees, including the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) members, comprising Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Oman and Bahrain. The GCC has become a significant regional bloc playing a vital economic and political role far beyond its shores, given its geopolitical strategic location, a preponderance of global energy reserves and a major international player through the use of accumulated financial reserves.

A new Gulf is rising, one that is more self assertive, looking to expand its membership to other Arab countries such as Jordan and Morocco, while at the same time strengthening the bloc's relationship with current and emerging trading and strategic partners in Europe, USA and Asia.

Regional and international realities, especially the uncertainties unleashed by the 'Arab Spring', are forcing Gulf leadership to initiate new policies involving closer cooperation amongst GCC countries to address emerging challenges.

This volume brings together thirty renowned academics and specialists to examine a range of multifaceted social, political and economic issues facing the GCC in key areas such as:

. Diversification from a high dependency on a narrow hydrocarbon base

. Social transformation, youth employment and effective gender participation

. Outward and inward foreign direct investment flows

. Prospects for education reforms and e-learning.

. Sustainable security in oil, renewable energy (including nuclear) and food

. Corporate governance, transparency and enhancing the private sector's operating environment

. The role and governance of Gulf Sovereign Wealth Funds in investing their surpluses.

The volume also offers insights for challenges facing the GCC in monetary union, expanding the regional debt market and "Sukuk "issuance, GCC intellectual property rights application, detailed assessments of individual GCC country risk analysis, as well as the sustainability of long term government fiscal stimulus programs at the expense of private sector involvement.

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This book presents the first critical review of the less frequently addressed stakeholders in international investment law. Focusing on private actors, including but not limited to lawyers, experts, funders, civil society, the media and scholars, the book highlights the variety of actors that help shape international investment law and demonstrates how best to manage their interactions in order to achieve synergies and enhance the legitimacy of this pluralistic field.

This book tells the story of Holocaust survivor and prominent banker Marcel Goldman, born in Krakow in 1926. Goldman started his studies in economics in Krakow and completed them in Israel, where he became a respected banker. In telling his story, this book analyzes Israel's social and economic development, its causes and circumstances. Following Goldman as our main character, we take a close look at the birth of the private banking sector and the building of modern economy in Israel. The book also describes the life of Polish Jews in Israel in general, the way in which they settled there, and built the prosperity of the state. The story of Marcel Goldman is an example of how Israel's success is the sum of its citizens' successes.

Attempts to integrate the Pacific regional economy accelerated sharply with the formation of the regionwide, official Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum in 1989. This book probes into the distinctive process of regional cooperation in Asia-Pacific by focusing on the roles and perspectives of China, Japan, and Southeast Asian states. Asian developments shaping the new post-hegemonic global political economy challenge traditional models in international relations, which is here challenged to take East Asia seriously.

An Empirical Investigation of Stock Markets: The CCF Approach attempts to make an empirical contribution to the literature on the movements of stock prices in major economies, i.e. Germany, Japan, the UK and the USA. Specifically, the cross-correlation function (CCF) approach is used to analyze the stock market. This volume provides some empirical evidence regarding the economic linkages among a group of different countries.

Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 analyze the international linkage of stock prices among Germany, Japan, the UK and the USA. Chapter 2 applies the standard approach, whereas Chapter 3 uses the CCF approach. Chapter 4 analyzes the relationship between stock prices and exchange rates. Chapter 5 analyzes the relationship among stock prices, exchange rates, and real economic activities. Chapter 6 summarizes the main results obtained in each chapter and comments on the possible directions of future research.

This book provides a comprehensive account of the CETA Investment Chapter's ability to overcome the legitimacy crisis facing investment arbitration. To do so, it first examines the root causes behind the legitimacy crisis, ultimately arguing that it reflects a fundamental rule of law crisis within investment arbitration. In particular, it asserts that the normative standpoints of the legitimacy crisis form part of the rule of law, the uniting legal principle from which the legitimacy concerns stem. The book contends that the rule of law is not only the principal normative and causal assumption on which the legitimacy concerns are based, but that it could also be utilized as a platform to evaluate the investment arbitration mechanism in CETA's Investment Chapter. Based on this, the book evaluates CETA's Investment Chapter through the rule of law framework in order to provide a convincing account of the latter's ability to overcome the legitimacy crisis facing investment arbitration. It concludes that CETA's Investment Chapter is unlikely to completely solve the legitimacy crisis simply because it is just a patchwork of reforms rather than a comprehensive reinvention of the substantive and procedural law of investment arbitration. Lastly, the book offers meaningful insights into the way the challenges presented by investment arbitration should be addressed. The book is intended for academics researching international investment law and arbitration as well as for policy-makers focusing on reforming investor-state dispute settlement.

Technology, Society, and Conflict comprehensively studies and systematically highlights technological inequalities as a source of conflict in digital development while developing an economic and legal approach to resolving them. With a progressive approach, chapters reveal the social nature of technological inequality and digital development conflicts and model them as social institutions. The conflicts of digital development are identified and analysed in detail: global conflict of the technological inequality in the modern world economy; gender conflict; conflict in the labour market in the context of automation based on Robots, Big Data, and AI; and conflict in international trade. The manifestations of the digital divide are considered based on international practical experience at all levels of management - country, regional, business and household levels. This 30th volume of Contributions to Conflict Management, Peace Economics, and Development gives special attention to the latest experience in technological inequality and the aggravation of digital development conflicts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and crisis in 2019-2020 with foresight for the post-pandemic period.

Japan experienced a remarkable growth in international finance, through a series of liberalization measures in the 1980s. However, her position in the global financial system is still limited, as the reserve currency share of yen illustrates. Why does such a contrast exist? Historical comparison with Britain and the United States as well as extensive data provide a key to answer the question.

This open access book compiles a series of chapters written by internationally recognized experts known for their in-depth but critical views on questions of resilience and food security. The book assesses rigorously and critically the contribution of the concept of resilience in advancing our understanding and ability to design and implement development interventions in relation to food security and humanitarian crises. For this, the book departs from the narrow beaten tracks of agriculture and trade, which have influenced the mainstream debate on food security for nearly 60 years, and adopts instead a wider, more holistic perspective, framed around food systems. The foundation for this new approach is the recognition that in the current post-globalization era, the food and nutritional security of the world's population no longer depends just on the performance of agriculture and policies on trade, but rather on the capacity of the entire (food) system to produce, process, transport and distribute safe, affordable and nutritious food for all, in ways that remain environmentally sustainable. In that context, adopting a food system perspective provides a more appropriate frame as it incites to broaden the conventional thinking and to acknowledge the systemic nature of the different processes and actors involved. This book is written for a large audience, from academics to policymakers, students to practitioners. This is an open access book.

Climate Trading covers issues related to greenhouse gas emissions trading markets, including the events that lead up to the adoption of the Kyoto protocol, the development of the market-based mechanisms under the Protocol, and the emerging domestic and international emissions trading and carbon credits markets. The book provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of the complex and evolving issues surrounding these markets. As governments begin the process of implementation of domestic regulation in order to meet international requirements, it will be crucial for capital markets practitioners to understand the implications and options associated with emissions trading.

The Polar North is known to be home to large gas and oil reserves and its position holds significant trading and military advantages, yet the maritime boundaries of the region remain ill-defined. In the twenty-first century the Arctic is undergoing profound change. As the sea ice melts, a result of accelerating climate change, global governance has become vital. In this, the third of three volumes, the latest research and analysis from the world's leading Arctic research body - the Fridtjof Nansen Institute - is brought together for the first time. Arctic Governance: Norway, Russia and Asia investigates the foreign policy discourses of Arctic governance, specifically as regarding international relations and competing interests between Norway, Russia and various Asian states.

This book analyses the use of qualitative and quantitative content analysis methodologies for risk disclosure practices in the European banking industry. While doing so, it assesses the level of transparency of financial and non-financial reports by focusing on the information disclosed to the public with reference to risk exposure and management. By drawing upon both qualitative and quantitative techniques, the book proposes two different methodological approaches to assess the information European financial institutions provide to the public with reference to the risk disclosure and derivative disclosure in their annual financial reports. These methodologies are subsequently employed to carry out empirical analyses on samples of European banks. By exploiting the points of strength of both qualitative and quantitative content analysis methodologies, this book offers insights into the advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies. The book is a must-read for academics and researchers that analyze disclosure practices of financial and non-financial firms, as well as financial analysts and other practitioners that are interested in assessing the level of transparency and evaluating the disclosures of financial and non-financial firms, especially, but not exclusively, with reference to risk disclosure and derivative disclosure.

Economic policy debates have devoted increasing attention to the design and implementation of policies to aid the growth of high-technology firms and industries. In the United States this focus on technology policy' has been influenced by similar debates and policy experiments in other industrial economies, notably Japan and Western Europe. The domestic U.S. debate over support for technology development and national competitiveness has been hampered by two major conceptual flaws -- the demand for immediate economic results from basic research and considering national technology policies independent of developments in the international economy. This volume addresses these deficiencies in the analysis of technology policy by examining a number of issues faced by managers and public officials in industrial and industrializing economies that are now linked closely through international flows of goods, capital, and technology. The book lays out an analytical framework for the study of national policies towards technology and science. In addition, the book addresses the complex issues raised by interdependence among the public and private institutions governing the creation, commercialization, and adoption of new technology in different national economies. Finally, the book reviews the development of two global high-technology industries: aerospace and semiconductor components.

This text critically analyzes the institutions of the EU and NAFTA. It covers both the general problems of building new and integrated markets, and several policy areas that are related to economic integration. The institutions established in both Europe and America are seen as deficient in several respects: not only are the "side effects" on labour markets, social and environmental conditions considered inadequately addressed. Without offering adequate replacements, the book claims, the economic integration projects are actually undermining some of the core institutions that serve the needs of the market economies institutions upon the integration process itself depends.

inefficient and uncompetitive enterprises especially from the over-grown industrial sector. These initial conditions meant that, in the early stages of transition, the volume of entries and exits will be, by necessity, very high reflecting the large scale changes that had to take place before these economies attain a macroeconomic structure consistent with their level of development and with the needs of a market-based economy open to internationalcompetition. One of the main elements of the reform programme in all economies in transition was the liberalisation of entry conditions. Along with the liberalisation of prices and foreign trade, appropriate measures facilitating the establishment of new enterprises were approved in the very early phase of reforms in all of these countries. The effectiveness of liberalised entry conditions, of course, depends on the presence of appropriate legal and institutional framework in which new firms will operate. The establishment of a conducive legal and institutional environment, however, takes much longer. In practice, new firms come into existence before the rules of the game are properly established. These rules develop gradually and are not always, and everywhere, consistent with the aim of liberalising the entry conditions. The conditions facing new firms, therefore, have fluctuated in some countries in accordance with changes in the political environment and in line with the strength of different lobbies and interest groups."

This book focuses on the impact of political leaders on the integration process led by the European Union. It aims at a better understanding of the European Union through the actions, contributions, and ideas of these outstanding characters to European integration and disintegration. By doing so, the book offers an entirely new perspective, presenting the actions of the main actors involved, their background, their historical time, their challenges and problems, and how they influenced the European Union's development. The authors in detail discuss different ideas connected to leaders, such as Jean Monnet and neo-functionalism, Spinelli and federalism or Churchill and the idea of cooperation. Furthermore, the book examines major policies and events, like the Common Agricultural Policy, the creation of the Euro as a consequence of the German reunification and Mitterrand's reactions, or Brexit and its connection to the impact of Margaret Thatcher. The global essence of the book makes it a must-read for students, researchers, and scholars interested in a better understanding of the European Union's integration process.