Africa's oil and gas industry is facing extraordinary circumstances. An ongoing energy transition and new efforts to decarbonize the world are weighing on oil demand. The shale revolution is exacerbating these pressures. And of course, the COVID-19 pandemic has wrought havoc on markets around the world, accelerating and intensifying existing trends. External headwinds are forcing African petroleum producers to re-examine their strategies. Conventional petroleum resources here should be globally competitive, but growth has lagged because of conditions above the ground, not below. Restrictive fiscal regimes, inefficient and carbon-intensive production, and difficulties in doing business are preventing the industry from reaching its full potential. As companies delay projects and cut costs, planned capital expenditure in 2020-2021 has fallen from $90 billion pre-COVID-19, to $60 billion now. To remain competitive, African producers and governments must adapt. But how can they do it when the economic order is being remade? The Road to Recovery addresses these challenges head-on, detailing all of the major challenges facing African oil and gas stakeholders, as well as workable solutions that will keep the industry on a strong and stable growth path. Again and again, our oil and gas sector has proven its resilience and adaptability. The world still needs oil and gas, and Africa still holds enormous untapped potential. The African Energy Chamber will remain a committed partner of choice for the industry as we advance into an uncertain future.

Challenges destabilize the norm and create distresses and disruptions in, for example, the culture, the technology, regulations, the environmental, etc. that influence the pace of finance and economic activities. This book is a collection of 13 chapters and studies about Insurance and Risk management in response to disruptions caused by social, economic, and environmental challenges to try and stabilize the economy in an effort to ensure sustainability. Insurance and Risk Management for Disruptions in Social, Economic and Environmental Systems brings together studies from scholars, researchers and professionals with different disciplinary backgrounds to highlight discuss and exchange ideas on these challenges, which may seem a danger, but offer prospects for economic and business development. Books in the Emerald Studies In Finance, Insurance, And Risk Management series collect quantitative and qualitative studies in areas relating to finance, insurance, and risk management. Subjects of interest may include banking, accounting, auditing, compliance, sustainability, behaviour, management, and business economics.

This book provides a history of the WTO US-EU banana dispute through the lens of a major actor: the US-owned multinational firm, Chiquita Brands International. It documents and explains how Chiquita succeeded in having the Clinton administration pursue a trade policy of forcing the European Union to dismantle its preferential banana import regime for exports from the small English-speaking Caribbean (ESC) countries. The export of bananas was critically important to the social stability and economic viability of these countries and that was in the national security interest of the United States. The experience indicates that succeeding in this goal was detrimental to U.S. national security interest in the Caribbean.

An authoritative guide to Africa's economic development and prospects. This is volume 4 in a major international research project coordinated by the African Economic Research Consortium and bringing together the top academics in development economics, trade policy and international economics from Africa, Europe and North America. This fourth volume draws upon the theoretical framework and detailed studies of both individual countries and regional schemes of the previous three books to present an analysis of Africa's prospects for economic development, regional integration and co-operation and her changing place in the world economy today.

In this book, the authors analyze big data on global interdependence caused by the flows of commodities, money, and people, using a network science approach to obtain differing views of globalization and to clarify the facts on isolation of communities. Globalization reduces international economic inequality, i.e., it allows emerging countries to catch up while it increases relative poverty in some advanced countries. How should this trade-off between international and domestic inequalities be resolved? At the same time, the reduction of biocultural diversity caused by globalization needs to be avoided. What kind of change is required in local communities to conserve biocultural diversity? On the issue of commodity flow, research results of the supply-chain network, isolation in industry, and resource flows and stocks are presented in this book. For monetary flow, ownership networks, value-added networks, and profit shifting were studied; and regarding the flow of people, linkage of ethnic groups, immigrant assimilation, and refugees were examined. Based on the resulting view of globalization and isolation, the development of the isolation index using machine learning is discussed. Finally, recommendations for evidence-based policymaking in the United Nations are considered.

The financialization of the economy has brought a number of interrelated problems which have contributed to growing income and wealth inequality. Askari and Mirakhor assert that it is time to make a bold change by putting our financial house in order and on a better path, advocating for a fundamental reform of the financial system.

The Socialist Industrial State (1976) examines the state-socialist system, taking as the central example the Soviet Union - where the goals and values of Marxism-Leninism and the particular institutions, the form of economy and polity, were first adopted and developed. It then considers the historical developments, differences in culture, the level of economic development and the political processes of different state-socialist countries around the globe.

This book purports to investigate and compare the economic development experiences in both Taiwan and South Korea in last two decades. Taiwan and South Korea's economic development after WWII is a well-known story. However, their development after the successful post-war industrialization has not been comprehensively studied. The book examines whether the three factors -the role of private business, government policy, and foreign influence-that had contributed to Taiwan's and Korea's post-war development, are still relevant during the post-industrial development era. Researchers in the fields of global political economy, Asian economic development and East Asian studies will find this book a fresh and invaluable contribution to the literature. The book will also be of value to policy makers in developing countries in drafting their national development policies, diplomats conducting economic diplomacy with Taiwan and South Korea, and business people planning to expand their business interests in Asia.

This book presents new research related to climate change policies and effects. It discusses the implications of climate change on issues pertaining to international relations and economic development, and the question of how climate change could jeopardize the international system as we have known it until today. It aims to provide an empirical basis and epistemological framework to discuss the effects of climate change on economic growth, social development and welfare as a global phenomenon influenced by policies carried out transnationally and by national governments. Case studies from around the globe are presented.

As important as state-to-state and multi-state cooperation have long proven to be, many countries in the Global South have yet to fully explore its potentials. Despite their shared history of slavery, colonialism, and underdevelopment, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean currently show a lack of significant cooperation. Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean: The Case for Bilateral and Multilateral Cooperation, therefore, makes the case for an increased and renewed effort at bilateral and multilateral cooperation between the three regions. In this multidisciplinary work, scholars make the case for renewing, continuing, and deepening relationships between the people, the state, and the non-governmental organizations in the three spheres-taking not only an economic and political point of view, but also considering sociological, geographical, and historical perspectives as well.

What has been the role of goverment industrial policy, through agencies such as MITI, in Japan's extraordinary post-war development? How has the role changed in successive phases of growth? What `lessons' can be learned from this experience by other nations, be they in the West, or developing countries or economies in transition attempting to introduce competitive market structures? These are some of the main questions addressed in this absorbing and thorough study. Dividing the period into three main phases, the author shows that policy played a crucial role in the initial period of post-war recovery. It did so not by `picking winners' but by creating a stable base from which development could occur by spreading the cost of introducing market competition over time. In the succeeding high growth period and more recently Japan's industrial policy attempts only to promote the development of new technology and smooth the decline of sectors that are no longer globally competitive. That Japan itself no longer practises industrial policy on a wide scale is an irony little appreciated by those advocating the adoption of a `Japan style' industrial policy elsewhere.

Composite indices are used by national and international organisations, as well as governments and corporations, to track various performance aspects of a country's economy and its people, evaluate progress, and engage constructively in policy dialogue; and they have long proven useful as communication tools and inputs into decision-making and policymaking. Modern Indices for International Economic Diplomacy compiles a spectrum of relevant indices for development and well-being used in benchmarking across nations, namely the OECD Better Life Index, the Gini Index, the Gender Equality/Inequality Index, the International Energy Security Risk Index, the Big Mac Index, the Country Risk Index, the Corruption Perceptions Index, and the Global Terrorism Index. The book will be relevant to practitioners, policymakers, researchers, and students interested in the topic of international economic relationships.

Islamic finance has emerged to meet the financial needs of people who seek a different approach to conventional banking and finance. Due to its late inception, Islamic finance has often been regarded as an "infant industry" compared to its traditional counterparts. Even though the Islamic finance industry is still classified as nascent, it has shown rapid growth in the last decade or so. The primary objective of this book is to highlight the main issues and challenges the Islamic finance industry faces and to offer practical solutions. Firstly, the book classifies the main components of Islamic finance such as money and banking, capital markets, fintech, microfinance, insurance as well as morality and governance. Secondly, all of the chapters are combined according to their relationship and link with each other so as to provide readers with a unique and holistic overview of the subject. The chapters are written by well-renowned experts in the field. As well as offering readers theoretical information about each subject under discussion, it also advances practical solutions that can contribute to the development of each field. The book answers questions such as how money is created by banks; what the business model of Islamic banking should look like; whether Islamic microfinance institutions are sustainable; what the likely framework of takaful should be; what the potential role of fintech could be in reshaping the Islamic financial system, and where and whether morality fits in the financial system. The book will attract the attention of students, researchers, practitioners, regulators and policymakers.

Talent has been identified as the only differentiator for an organization's, nations' or any region's success in this uncertain, complex, competitive and global environment. Ulrich (2008) defined talent as the equation of 3Cs: Talent = Competence x Commitment x Contribution. Malaeb and Chanaron (2010, p. 2), noted "Competence means that employees have the skills and abilities today and in the future for required business results. ... Commitment means that employees are involved and engaged ... while Contribution means that employees find personal abundance at occupation ..." While Ulrich (2008) observed that commitment focused on meaning and identity and other restraints that tap employee's heart. This book is unique in many ways, which makes it extraordinary. First, unlike other books that have examined issues of change facing the global economy no book has examined the issue of talent development from the perspective of special interest groups including management international students, women refugees, refugees, non?governmental organizations, for profit, for benefit and nonprofit organizations. Thus, talent development world over has become one of the most important issues when it comes to developing human resources especially through education and training. The book presents pertinent research and practice on talent development management and argues that the term talent development broadly refers to management and development of high performing and high potential individuals in society required to carry out critical organizational and society roles aimed at improving human development. The contributors of the book chapters include individuals actively involved in research, teaching and practice in higher education and in business and industry. The chapters are based on empirical data, including review of relevant literature. The book also recognizes that talent development is more than just crisis management and includes best talent management practices, shared governance, meaningful reforms, strategic planning, transparency and accountability, social justice and respect for human life and the need to develop humane organizations and humane communities. The contributions take cognizance of the fact that talent development as a concept is facing fundamental changes in the global knowledge economy, and especially with political changes taking place world over. Contributors also take cognizance of the fact that one important source of change in society has been the accelerating speed of scientific and technological advancement driven by the power of the Internet hence the need to develop talent for the 21st century and beyond. The book is basically an academic book for use by undergraduates and graduate students at universities, for?profit, for?benefit, and non?profit organizations, policy makers and formulators in ministries of Education; supra national organizations, foreign organizations multilateral organizations, non?governmental organizations, community based organizations as well as development stakeholders, and community organizers.

Global Supply Chain Management brings together in two authoritative volumes the best and most interesting academic work on global supply chain management from international business and international management, marketing, strategic management, operations management, purchasing and supply management, and economics. It includes the various theories, levels of analysis, concepts, and empirical trends that have come to shape our understanding of this recently emerged area of research. The questions it answers include 'In what way do buyer-supplier relations differ across countries', 'What are the consequences of offshore sourcing for firms, industries, and countries', 'How should firms manage cultural differences between themselves and their suppliers', and 'How can firms use global SCM to improve their performance'. This book will be an invaluable resource to any academic researcher or student with an interest in global SCM, but is also accessible enough and useful for practitioners who deal with this topic at a strategic or tactical level.

The research purpose of this book is to advance the reform of the existing international monetary system through the establishment of a new international currency standard that is a super-sovereign currency. International Monetary System provides international economic activities rules for the human society. It has significant influences not only on international economic activities of various countries but also on their domestic economic activities as well. Since the disintegration of International gold standard in 1971, studies on reform of international monetary system have remained as the important research themes for international economic research fields. Improvements of international monetary system to facilitate worldwide economic developments have been interests to all. Thus this book has valuable theoretical contributions. Since the collapse of Bretton Woods System, the current international monetary system of Jamaica System has come into being. Under Jamaica System, the sovereign currency US dollar has acted as the main international currency. This has caused vulnerability of money standard, instability of exchange rate system, and frequent occurrences of currency crises. Calls for international monetary system reforms have increased under these circumstances. Various programs such as improved international gold standard system, expansion of Special Drawing Rights, as well as establishment of single world currency surface. So this book has significant practical contributions as well. The major contribution of this book is the proposal of new scheme of establishment of supra-sovereign international currency. This is an entire new reform program that differs significantly from any past or current reform programs in international economic research fields from all over the world.

This book offers a multidisciplinary approach to the Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM) by bringing together contributions from legal scholars and political scientists. Most of the authors belong to a tightly knit legal epistemic community, trained at the University of Sao Paulo and at the top-ranked research and policy centers on WTO law in Europe. Presenting a novel and unique perspective on the DSM, it provides an analysis of current themes at the heart of the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism through the lenses of scholars with a "developing country" perspective. Focusing on assessment, substance, and process, it presents a three-fold approach to the analysis and offers a singular contribution to the scholarly literature on the WTO. The book discusses the topic from the viewpoint of individuals deeply involved in the scholarly production as well as the daily operation of the mechanism. The contributors include academics in the fields of international economic law and political science, diplomats, individuals engaged in legal private practice, and individuals affiliated with the WTO as well as WTO-related think tanks. The result is a balanced perspective on pressing issues that have arisen and that are likely to remain at the center of the scholarly and policy debate for years to come.

Foreign direct investments (FDI) play an integral role in the growth story of Emerging Asian economies. As an essential source of foreign capital, FDI bolsters the path to economic recovery from recessions, including the recent one caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is a collection of essays investigating the reconfiguration of FDI flows to the Emerging Asian economies of ASEAN, China and India following the pandemic and recent FDI policy reforms. This book broadly covers the trends in greenfield FDI flows to Emerging Asia in the context of three pertinent themes. Part one explores the rebalancing effects in global FDI flows after the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the experience of Emerging Asian economies. We also evaluate the nature of the pandemic's impact on existing FDI linkages between China and ASEAN. Part two delves into the implications of a cross-border policy framework such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In particular, we examine ASEAN trade activity after China's investments through BRI. We further discuss the future of BRI in ASEAN economies amidst the emergence of global competitors. Part three of the book zooms in on the effectiveness of domestic FDI policy reforms. We discuss the cases of Indonesia Special Economic Zones and the Make in India initiative. This book is written for scholars, policymakers, and industrial practitioners who wish to track more on the recent FDI dynamics of Emerging Asia.

Europe is undergoing dramatic economic and political changes. This work discusses structural changes and main problems and developments in relationships between the European Community (EC) and Eastern Europe. Part I deals with the EC, mainly the West European democracies, and gives an historical framework for formation and expansion of this group. Part II deals individually with the East European and troubled Balkan countries. Part III deals with the European countries in the former USSR.

The world of work is rapidly changing. What then do 21st century workplaces look like, and what factors are supporting these workplace changes? Globalisation, financial and labour market deregulation, and rapid technological advances have accelerated workplace change and skill requirements. Organisations, for example, need to increasingly manage geographically diverse and technologically-mediated workplace relationships. Advances in artificial intelligence and automation are further questioning the future and nature of work itself. This book identifies and examines the institutions, frameworks and technologies that are emerging to support these new work practices. It analyses changing work environments, entrepreneurial and self-employment strategies, global virtual labour markets and the impacts of data analytics and automation on work practices and skill sets. It is critical for governments, practitioners and academics to better understand how to harness the benefits and meet the challenges of these new organisational workplace practices. Further, it requires informed choices and decisions on the part of individuals, as they seek to log on to work in the 21st century.

Both parts of Volume 44 of Advances in Econometrics pay tribute to Fabio Canova for his major contributions to economics over the last four decades. Throughout his long and distinguished career, Canova's research has achieved both a prolific publication record and provided stellar research to the profession. His colleagues, co-authors and PhD students wish to express their deep gratitude to Fabio for his intellectual leadership and guidance, whilst showcasing the extensive advances in knowledge and theory made available by Canova for professionals in the field. Advances in Econometrics publishes original scholarly econometrics papers with the intention of expanding the use of developed and emerging econometric techniques by disseminating ideas on the theory and practice of econometrics throughout the empirical economic, business and social science literature. Annual volume themes, selected by the Series Editors, are their interpretation of important new methods and techniques emerging in economics, statistics and the social sciences.

Bringing together a collection of interdisciplinary chapters on China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), this book offers a comprehensive overview of the topic from a business and management perspective. With a focus on the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), Volume II provides theoretical and empirical analyses of the opportunities and challenges facing businesses. With contributions covering economics, agriculture, energy, value chain, ethics, governance, and security, this collection is a useful tool for academics as well as policy-makers and practitioners in China, Pakistan, and other countries along the new Silk Road.

This exciting collection looks at the theory and practice of legal borrowing and adaptation in different areas of the world: Europe,the USA and Latin America, S.E. Asia and Japan. Many of the contributors focus on fundamental theoretical issues. What are legal transplants? What is the role of the state in producing socio-legal change? What are the conditions of successful legal transfers? How is globalisation changing these conditions? Such problems are also discussed with reference to substantive and specific case studies. When and why did Japanese rules of product liability come into line with those of the EU and the USA? How and why did judicial review come late to the legal systems of Holland and Scandinavia? Why is the present wave of USA-influenced legal reforms in Latin Amercia apparently having more success than the previous round? How does competition between the legal and accountancy professions affect patterns of bankruptcy? The chapters in this volume, which include a comprehensive theoretical introduction, offer a range of valuable insights even if they also show that the

This book is a rich addition to the existing knowledge on models of development partnership among developing countries. Unlike the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which exclusively focuses on physical infrastructure development with a strong financing component by China, the Asia-Africa Growth Corridor (AAGC) envisages a holistic approach toward development partnership based on the spirit of triangular cooperation, demystifying the donor-recipient model of development cooperation. By integrating four distinct pillars of cooperation - connectivity and physical infrastructure, capacity building and skill development, development cooperation projects, and people-to-people and business-to-business partnerships - the book provides a succinct account of how a demand-driven people-centric model of engagement among Asian and African countries could help achieve inclusive and sustainable development without creating any fatal dependence on specific countries or institutions for external funding. In sixteen chapters, the book covers various theoretical, analytical, and policy discussions with respect to the concept and modalities of the growth corridor approach under the free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific; potential opportunities and challenges in economic sectors and fields like agriculture, manufacturing, trade and investment, urbanization, industrialization, human resource development, and the blue economy; social sector priorities including health, education, skill development, disaster management, and women's participation; and policy issues relating to trade facilitation, the identification of joint projects, modalities and instruments of project execution, and related aspects. The book offers a valuable resource for students and research scholars working in the fields of development economics, development cooperation, international political economy, and international economic relations. It also serves as a handbook for governments and policymakers on issues concerning the suitability of development projects, sources of and innovations in financing, implementation and execution challenges, private sector involvement, and so on.

This monograph compares two trade agreements among three important economic regions, namely, the Korea-EU free trade agree (FTA) and the Japan-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). The two new types of agreements came into effect in the 2010s. They not only create more favorable trade and economic conditions in these regions but also produce spillover effects to bring about more comprehensive conditions in other area. First, the quantitative research for both agreements using the CGE model and a tentative analysis of the Japan-EU EPA in the analysis show that both have already created positive impacts on all three economies by lifting or reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers. Such positive impacts are also expected to be felt by SMEs in these countries that are involved. Additionally, the high level of tariff and non-tariff liberalization in the two current agreements will make positive impacts on the negotiation of other FTAs and on WTO reform. The advantages of the FTA and EPA dealt with in this book are not restricted to these economic effects. As the agreements are comprehensive, they will create more favorable social conditions not only in these economic regions but in other areas of Asia as well.