In this new edition, the progress made in the last decade to solve the environmental problems described in the first edition is assessed. The attempts to bring environmental legislation into line with West European norms is also described.
The book looks at:
* air and water pollution
* modern farming
* water supplies
* waste management
* landscape protection.
These topics are placed within economic, social and political profiles.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203449703

Few, if any, environments are free of human intervention. Often this generates ecosystems which are rich in biodiversity, historical interest, recreational opportunity and scenic beauty just as worthy of conservation as the more natural ecosystems on which protection programmes have been almost exclusively focussed.
These 'cultural landscapes', ranging from the farm and forest lands of Europe and Eastern North America, through to the pasture lands and savannas of the Middle East and Africa to the paddylands of the Pacific Rim, are usually the product of relatively low-level, sustainable exploitation of the environment over long periods of time. Many have survived for centuries, if not millennia, but now urban expansion, depopulation of rural areas and, most damagingly, the intensification of agricultural and sylvicultural practices, are everywhere leading to a loss of their cherished biodiversity and amenity. Whilst past changes have mostly added to the valued characteristics of these landscapes, modern farming and forestry are creating sterile monocultures on the better land whilst marginal lands are being abandoned.
This book documents these changes, illustrates them through detailed case studies of a representative selection of threatened landscapes, analyses their underlying causes and explores ways by which they can continue to be maintained, or new landscapes created which maintain their desired characteristics.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203220897

A major problem confronting the United States in the 21st century is the 20th centurys legacy of toxic waste. The weapons that fought the Cold War, the facilities that manufactured those weapons, and the factories that fueled a prosperous economy left behind a trail of pollution. Seven previously unpublished essays examine the problem of toxic waste in the United States, what is being done about it, and what should be done about it. W. Henry Lambright and Agnes Gereben Schaefer, Dianne Rahm, Sevim Ahmedov, Charles Davis, Robert A. Simons and Kimberly Winson, Santa Falcone, and Toddi A. Steelman and JoAnn Carmin write about such issues as community based environmental management, regional EPA offices and the regulation of hazardous wastes, "brownfields, " nuclear and chemical weapons destruction, environmental contamination and the nuclear weapons complex, the privatization of nuclear waste clean-up, and WIPP, Yucca, and hazardous waste transport. The future of humanity demands careful thought about these matters.

Coastal Defences aims to present the broad spectrum of methods that engineers use to protect the coastline and investigates the sorts of issues that can arise as a result. The first section of the book examines 'traditional' hard techniques, such as sea walls and groynes, whilst the second looks at the more recent trend of using techniques more sympathetic to nature. By looking at each of the main methods of coastal protection in detail, the book investigates the rationale for using each method and the consequent management issues, presenting a case for and against each of the techniques.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203187636

'As we start the preparations for the Earth Summit in 2002, 10 years from Rio and 30 years from Stockholm, we need to set targets and dates that are realistic to deliver the change that is needed. There will also need to be a debate on the international machinery to achieve what we want, and 2002 will be significant in setting out the direction. This book has drawn in some of the key people who are working to make 2002 a significant event' FROM THE FOREWORD BY KLAUS TOPFER, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME AND CENTRE FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENTS At the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992, world leaders adopted a comprehensive programme of action for implementing sustainable development worldwide. As preparations for Earth Summit 2002 proceed, leading players from around the world present a frank assessment of progress to date. They set goals and describe mechanisms that will enable the international community to complete the tasks set in Rio and prepare for new challenges and opportunities. This book will be a catalyst for the public and political momentum required to push forward the global sustainable development agenda.

Environmental translation studies has gained momentum in recent years as a new area of research underscored by the need to communicate environmental concerns and studies across cultures. The dissemination of translated materials on environmental protection and sustainable development has played an instrumental role in transforming local culture and societies. This edited book represents an important effort to advance environmental studies by introducing the latest research on environmental translation and cross-cultural communication. Part I of the book presents the newest research on multilingual environmental resource development based at leading research institutes in Europe, Latin America, North America, and the Asia-Pacific. Part II offers original, thought-provoking linguistic, textual and cultural analyses of environmental issues in genres as diverse as literature, nature-based tourism promotion, environmental marketing, environmental documentary, and children's reading. Chapters in this book represent original research authored by established and mid-career academics in translation studies, computer science, linguistics, and environmental studies around the world. The collection provides engaging reading and references on environmental translation and communication to a wide audience across academia.

The quality of your food depends on the quality of the soil in which it is grown. Is organically produced food superior to conventionally grown food? How do earthworms and trace minerals benefit soil, and the food and feed grown on it? How do intentionally applied fertilizers, pesticides, and sludge, as well as inadvertent contaminants, affect soil? This book is important reading for understanding how quality soil relates to good health.

This book focuses on the psychology, sociology, and public policy of global environmental issues. The goals of the book are
* to describe the current state of the environment and environmentalism
* to present new theories and research on environmental attitudes and behaviors
* to explore obstacles and ethical considerations in promoting pro-environmental action

Can we balance the needs of the host, the environment and the visitor?
Most people live for their leisure, recreation and travel opportunities. Managing Environments for Leisure and Recreation seeks to bring together the different strands of thought that inform the management of settings, for leisure and recreation. The text shows how a positive difference can be made to such activities, by taking a balanced approach in managing for the environment and for people, both now, and into the future.

Managing Environments for Leisure and Recreation urges managers to balance the need for a systematic approach, with the need for a systemic development of an environmental management ethic. It is highly illustrated with over 50 line drawings and includes many case studies from around the world.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203457307

Most people live for their leisure, recreation and travel opportunities. Managing Environments for Leisure and Recreation seeks to bring together the different strands of thought that inform the management of settings, for leisure and recreation. The text shows how a positive difference can be made to such activities, by taking a balanced approach in managing for the environment and for people, both now and into the future.

During the early development and throughout the short history of green/conservation criminology, limited attention has been directed toward quantitative analyses of relevant environmental crime, law and justice concerns. While recognizing the importance of establishing a theory and terminology in the early stages of development, this book redresses this imbalance. The work features contributions that undertake empirical quantitative studies of green/conservation crime and justice issues by both conservation and green criminologists. The collection highlights the shared concerns of these groups within important forms of ecological crime and victimization, and illustrates the ways in which these approaches can be undertaken quantitatively. It includes quantitative conservation/green criminological studies that represent the work of both well-established scholars in these fields, along with studies by scholars whose works are less well-known and who are also contributing to shaping this area of research. The book presents a valuable contribution to the areas of Green and Conservation Criminology. It will appeal to academics and students working in these areas.

In Climatic Media, Yuriko Furuhata traces climate engineering from the early twentieth century to the present, emphasizing the legacies of Japan's empire building and its Cold War alliance with the United States. Furuhata boldly expands the scope of media studies to consider technologies that chemically "condition" Earth's atmosphere and socially "condition" the conduct of people, focusing on the attempts to monitor and modify indoor and outdoor atmospheres by Japanese scientists, technicians, architects, and artists in conjunction with their American counterparts. She charts the geopolitical contexts of what she calls climatic media by examining a range of technologies such as cloud seeding and artificial snowflakes, digital computing used for weather forecasting and weather control, cybernetics for urban planning and policing, Nakaya Fujiko's fog sculpture, and the architectural experiments of Tange Lab and the Metabolists, who sought to design climate-controlled capsule housing and domed cities. Furuhata's transpacific analysis offers a novel take on the elemental conditions of media and climate change.

Coastal Defences aims to present the broad spectrum of methods that engineers use to protect the coastline and investigates the sort of issues that can arise as a result. The first section of the book examines 'traditional' hard techniques such as sea walls and groynes, whilst the second looks at the more recent trend of using techniques more sympathetic to nature. The 'soft' techniques, such as beach feeding and managed realignment, may work more harmoniously with natural processes, but still produce some environmental impacts. By looking at each of the main methods of coastal protection in detail, the book investigates the rationale for using each method and the consequent management issues, presenting a case for and against each of the techniques.

With over 25 percent of its land set aside in national parks and other protected areas, Costa Rica is renowned worldwide as "the green republic." In this very readable history of conservation in Costa Rica, Sterling Evans explores the establishment of the country's national park system as a response to the rapid destruction of its tropical ecosystems due to the expansion of export-related agriculture.

Drawing on interviews with key players in the conservation movement, as well as archival research, Evans traces the emergence of a conservation ethic among Costa Ricans and the tangible forms it has taken. In Part I, he describes the development of the national park system and "the grand contradiction" that conservation occurred simultaneously with massive deforestation in unprotected areas. In Part II, he examines other aspects of Costa Rica's conservation experience, including the important roles played by environmental education and nongovernmental organizations, campesino and indigenous movements, ecotourism, and the work of the National Biodiversity Institute.

This book examines key themes for the management of historic urban centres within a representative sample of centres in different European countries. The twelve historic centres that have been chosen are spread throughout Europe. They are diverse in character and the range includes small towns, cities and urban centres within cities. Some have been designated by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites or Cities, whilst others have recognition, or have been proposed as European Cities of Culture. The centres have all faced different problems and a variety of approaches have been utilised which are also examined.
For each of the historic centres in the book the authors broadly cover a number of common themes: the policy and planning framework; management and regeneration action; environmental management; tourism and heritage management; and sustainability.

This beautifully written account details an intimate portrait of the intellectual friendship between two commanding figures of Western letters and the early enviromental movement - Wallace Stegner and Bernard DeVoto. The authors of enormously popular works - Stegner most well known for his novel The Big Rock Candy Mountain and DeVoto for his classic history of western exploration, The Course of Empire - they also played important roles in the efforts to stop government and private interests from carving up the vanishing West.

The relevance and importance of Samuel P. Hay's book, "Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency," has only increased over time. Written almost half a century ago, it offers an invaluable history of the conservation movement's origins, and provides an excellent context for understanding contemporary enviromental problems and possible solutions. Against a background of rivers, forests, ranges, and public lands, this book defines two conflicting political processes: the demand for an integrated, controlled development guided by an elite group of scientists and technicians and the demand for a looser system allowing grassroots impulses to have a voice through elected government representatives.

This book is designed to show how ecotourism theory can be put into practice by exploring innovation, program applications, and research-supported case studies in ecotourism. The chapters reflect results of applied research focused on socio-economics of community development; the value of considering system-wide approaches to the relationships between communities and natural resources; the intricacies of capacity building and training facilitators in ecotourism; and education through ecotourism experiences. The cumulative impact of the research presented highlights innovative approaches to visitor management, community engagement, and education to critically address the complexities associated with visitation to natural areas and the dependence upon conservation of ecosystems and associated communities. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Ecotourism.

Continuing the tradition of excellence established by the first edition, the Second Edition of Applied Wetlands Science and Technology provides the fundamentals for delineating, identifying, and regulating wetlands. It covers functions and values, ecological assessments, and how to minimize negative impacts on wetlands. The book also presents essential information on wetland creation, enhancement, restoration, and monitoring. Selected management topics include designing and managing wetlands for wildlife, managing coastal marshes, and wetlands education.

Three new chapters in the Second Edition:

Wetlands Mitigation Banking-discusses the purpose, policy, and technology of mitigation banking
Watershed Management-covers the most current remediation technology as it pertains to wetlands
Managing Global Wetlands-describes the classification and management of wetlands throughout the world

Written by wetland professionals, this indispensable guide furnishes extensive information on how wetlands function, how they can be protected, and how they can be managed. Recognizing that each and every situation is unique and requires specific solutions, Applied Wetlands Science and Technology, Second Edition focuses on providing guidelines for effective decision making.

How we relate to orphaned space matters. Voids, marginalia, empty spaces-from abandoned gas stations to polluted waterways-are created and maintained by politics, and often go unquestioned. In Loving Orphaned Space, Mrill Ingram provides a call to action to claim and to cherish these neglected spaces and make them a source of inspiration through art and/or remuneration. Ingram advocates not only for "urban greening" and "green planning," but also for "radical caring." These efforts create awareness and understanding of ecological connectivity and environmental justice issues-from the expropriation of land from tribal nations, to how race and class issues contribute to creating orphaned space. Case studies feature artists, scientists, and community collaborations in Chicago, New York, and Fargo, ND, where grounded and practical work of a fundamentally feminist nature challenges us to build networks of connection and care. The work of environmental artists who venture into and transform these disconnected sites of infrastructure allow us to rethink how to manage the enormous amount of existing overlooked and abused space. Loving Orphaned Space provides new ways humans can negotiate being better citizens of Earth.

Protecting Watershed Areas: Case of the Panama Canal provides foresters, hydrologists, and park managers with a case study of the Panama Canal watershed area to help you make the most of your efforts in protecting ecological areas. Through this unique book, you will discover how the Carter-Torrijos treaty that will return the Panama Canal to the Republic of Panama on December 31, 1999 will affect the 2.6 million inhabitants of that area as well as this complex ecosystem. This valuable book includes a focus on both technical and biological observations in the field as well as library research to help you make the most of book learning and field research in your endeavors to protect forest reserves and other protected areas. Protecting Watershed Areas offers you insight into the Panama Canal area through informal interviews, key informants, field data, and research that focuses on both the technical and biological aspects of environmental management, such as agroforestry and reforestation, of environmental management and on policy and institutional dimensions of management to provide you with a unique perspective of the dynamics of this area. The Panama canal watershed area is one of the world?s most complex managed ecosystems and through this insightful volume, you will find new ways to deal with the myriad of problems you may encounter in ecosystem management, such as: realizing that single resource management is no longer adequate and taking a more holistic approach to management, such as taking into consideration whole ecosystems or watersheds will enable you to fully protect the area you are trying to serve discovering how the trend of privitization and nongovernmental ownership of protected areas impacts the job of managing our precious national resources understanding that for effective and stable protected area management to occur, you must have a clear understanding of the historical and social context that has shaped the particular circumstances of each site recognizing larger national and international factors in order to control the often devastating effects of tourism on protected areas creating clear directives and priorities before developing conservation programs to make program implementation easierInformative and insightful, Protecting Watershed Areas examines the most current ideas in protected areas management through a unique case study of the Panama Canal. This essential book provides you with several answers to the challenges facing Panama that you can apply to forest reserve and other protected areas programs around the globe due to the paramount importance of developing sustainable land-use systems. With Protecting Watershed Areas, you will discover how to effectively balance securing goods and services from a region, such as farming and tourism without threatening the overall integrity of the ecological systems and meeting human needs and values.

This timely volume examines the work of the National Estuary Program, the prominent federally-funded initiative dealing with pollution and other anthropogenic impacts on estuarine ecosystems and the management plans necessary to ensure that these invaluable natural treasures remain healthy and productive for future generations.

Estuary Restoration and Maintenance sets into clear perspective the state of America's estuarine waters, the effects of human development in watersheds, and the impacts of pollution and anthropogenic activities on living resources and habitats in these critically important coastal systems.

Effective management and protection of estuarine environments

Edited by a leading estuarine scientist, the book focuses on the technical and management issues involved in National Estuary Program sites across the United States-Long Island Sound, Delaware Bay, Galveston Bay, and San Francisco Bay. Each case study explains and assesses the following critical issues:
-a historical description of the priority problems
-status and trends of water quality, habitat conditions, natural resources and the uses of the estuary
-human impacts on water quality and habitats, natural resources and the uses of the estuary
-the links between pollutant loadings and watershed development, natural resources and the uses of the estuary
-the identification of priority problems and their cause and effect,
-management plans to ensure ecological integrity of the estuary

Estuary Restoration and Maintenance covers the gamut of issues, from the technical assessment of problems to management action plans for the improvement of the environmental quality of estuaries.

Features

The idea and practice of the 'green economy' is gaining momentum, coinciding with financial instability and continued economic woe in the Global North, but generally more positive economic circumstances in the Global South. 'Green economic initiatives' in the Global South are multiplying, and include carbon payments, ecotourism, community-based wildlife management, sustainability certification initiatives, and offsets by mining companies exploiting new resources. These initiatives are reallocating resources, redefining inequalities and redistributing the fortune and misfortune of participants of the green economy and those excluded from it. They have also led to resistance - locally, nationally, and transnationally - and to demands for alternatives to market-driven instruments and solutions, which are generally gaining strength and coherence. The articles included in this volume bring together a multi-disciplinary team of scholars from North and South to provide nuanced analyses of green economy experiences in the Global South - analysing the opportunities they provide, but also the redistributions they entail and the kinds of resistances they face. The ultimate aim of the collection is to provide a critical, but balanced, overview of the emerging green economy in the Global South and point the way to possible adjustments, alternatives or radical resistance, depending on different situations. This book was originally published as a special issue of Third World Quarterly.