Metrology has a pivotal role to ensure the vision of fifth generation (5G) and emerging wireless technologies to be realised. It is essential to develop the underpinning metrology in response to the high demand for universal, dynamic, and data-rich wireless applications. As new technologies for 5G and beyond increasingly emerge in the arena of modern wireless devices/systems, the standards bodies, industries, and research communities are facing the challenge of diverse technological requirements, and on verifying products that meet desired performance parameters. This book is the first to focus on metrology for current and future wireless communication technologies. It presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art measurement capabilities, testbeds and relevant R&D activities for 5G and emerging wireless technologies at a wide range of frequencies up to THz frequency bands. Several real-world field trials and use cases are also presented. The book focuses on R&D of measurement techniques and metrology for 5G and beyond that underpin all aspects, from signals, devices, antennas, systems and propagation environments to RF exposure. The presented materials describe advances in the triad of measurement system design, measurement techniques, and underpinning metrology required to cover many wireless communications aspects. Metrology for 5G and Emerging Wireless Technologies provides timely support to industry, academia, standard bodies and NMIs during the development of 5G and emerging wireless technologies and will support readers to enable further metrological R&D activities.

Applications of Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Third Edition presents sound coverage of the fundamentals of lightwave technology, along with material on pulse compression techniques and rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers. The book's chapters include information on fiber-optic communication systems and the ultrafast signal processing techniques that make use of nonlinear phenomena in optical fibers. This book is an ideal reference for R&D engineers working on developing next generation optical components, scientists involved with research on fiber amplifiers and lasers, graduate students, and researchers working in the fields of optical communications and quantum information.

Wireless sensor networks have a range of applications, including military uses and in environmental monitoring. When an area of interest is inaccessible by conventional means, such a network can be deployed in ways resulting in a random distribution of the sensors. Randomly Deployed Wireless Sensor Networks offers a probabilistic method to model and analyze these networks. The book considers the network design, coverage, target detection, localization and tracking of sensors in randomly deployed wireless networks, and proposes a stochastic model. It quantifies the relationship between parameters of the network and its performance, and puts forward a communication protocol. The title provides analyses and formulas, giving engineering insight into randomly deployed wireless sensor networks. Five chapters consider the analysis of coverage performance; working modes and scheduling mechanisms; the relationship between sensor behavior and network performance properties; probabilistic forwarding routing protocols; localization methods for multiple targets and target number estimation; and experiments on target localization and tracking with a Mica sensor system.

Next Generation of CubeSats and SmallSats: Enabling Technologies, Missions, and Markets provides a comprehensive understanding of the small and medium sized satellite approach and its potentialities and limitations. The book analyzes promising applications (e.g., constellations and distributed systems, small science platforms that overachieve relative to their development time and cost) as paradigm-shifting solutions for space exploitation, with an analysis of market statistics and trends and a prediction of where the technologies, and consequently, the field is heading in the next decade. The book also provides a thorough analysis of CubeSat potentialities and applications, and addresses unique technical approaches and systems strategies. Throughout key sections (introduction and background, technology details, systems, applications, and future prospects), the book provides basic design tools scaled to the small satellite problem, assesses the technological state-of-the-art, and describes the most recent advancements with a look to the near future. This new book is for aerospace engineering professionals, advanced students, and designers seeking a broad view of the CubeSat world with a brief historical background, strategies, applications, mission scenarios, new challenges and upcoming advances.

Probabilistic Graphical Models for Computer Vision introduces probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) for computer vision problems and teaches how to develop the PGM model from training data. This book discusses PGMs and their significance in the context of solving computer vision problems, giving the basic concepts, definitions and properties. It also provides a comprehensive introduction to well-established theories for different types of PGMs, including both directed and undirected PGMs, such as Bayesian Networks, Markov Networks and their variants.

In the entire book efforts has been made to explain the practical application of modern ICTs for transfer of agriculture technologies. I have focused on systematic presentation of various ICT tools with their applications by different organizations. Deep understanding of modern ICT tools and techniques would enable extension workers, scientists, teachers, students and researchers to work efficiently for wellbeing of the farming community. The book will prove useful and informative for officials of government and non-government organizations working for transfer of agriculture technology; teachers and students of agriculture and allied sectors; Officials of Krishi Vigyan Kendras and agriculture universities; Scientist and researchers of agriculture extension and rural development. Overall the book is constructive for Teaching, Research and Extension in the agriculture and allied fields.

This book begins with the history and fundamentals of optical fiber communications. Then, briefly introduces existing optical multiplexing techniques and finally focuses on spatial domain multiplexing (SDM), aka space division multiplexing, and orbital angular momentum of photon based multiplexing. These are two emerging multiplexing techniques that have added two new degrees of photon freedom to optical fibers.

While digital transformations are happening in all walks of society and business, there is real potential for improving the quality of life of the elderly using digital methods and tools. Digital health promises to deliver better healthcare quality cost-efficiently to more people, especially in the case of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes. It will achieve this by combining the benefits of telehealth, eHealth, data-driven personalised healthcare, and evidence-based care. This book presents a discussion of evolving digital technologies, such as smart phones and assisted living, and innovative digitally based services that are helping improve the quality and cost of healthcare for the elderly. This book evolved from a recent multi-country and multi-disciplinary initiative called Digital Health for the Ageing Population. This project (2019-2021) aimed at promoting general awareness of digital health for ageing populations with collaborative research across several countries including Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Norway, The Netherlands, and USA. With its international scope and detailed coverage of relevant digital methods and tools, this book will benefit healthcare technologists, ICT developers, managers of healthcare and mobile healthcare projects, and academic researchers working in related fields.

CONVERGED COMMUNICATIONS A one-of-a-kind exploration of the past, present, and future of telecommunications In Converged Communications: Evolution from Telephony to 5G Mobile Internet, telecommunications industry veteran Erkki Koivusalo delivers an essential reference describing how different communications systems work, how they have evolved from fixed telephone networks to the latest 5G mobile systems, and how the voice and data services converged. The central theme of the book is to build deeper understanding about incremental technological progress by introducing both state of the art and their predecessor technologies. The book explores four main areas, including fixed telephone systems, data communication systems, mobile cellular systems, and IP multimedia systems. It clearly explains architectures, protocols, and functional procedures, and discusses a variety of topics ranging from physical layer processes to system level interactions. Converged -Communications offers: In-depth treatments of fixed telephone and transmission systems, including operation of telephone exchanges and signaling systems Comprehensive explorations of data communication systems, including transmission of data over telephone lines and data network technologies, such as Ethernet and TCP/IP Incisive discussions of mobile cellular systems, including GSM, 3G, LTE, VoLTE and 5G Insightful analysis of incremental system evolution to justify various design choices made The book is supported with extensive online appendices, which covers communication system concepts, an overview of standardization, various technologies used in the past, state-of-the art technologies such as WLAN, cable modems, and FTTx, complementing the other systems described in the book which have evolved from the fixed telephone network. Perfect for network operators, system integrators, and communication system vendors, Converged Communications: Evolution from Telephony to 5G Mobile Internet will also earn a place in the libraries of undergraduate and graduate students studying telecommunications and mobile systems. Constructive comments and improvement proposals about Converged Communications or its online appendices can be sent by email to address [email protected]. The feedback will be considered for possible new editions of the book or the revisions of the appendices.

Developments in Antenna Analysis and Design presents recent developments in antenna design and modeling techniques for a wide variety of applications, chosen because they are contemporary in nature, have been receiving considerable attention in recent years, and are crucial for future developments. It includes topics such as body-worn antennas, that play an important role as sensors for Internet of Things (IoT), and millimeter wave antennas that are vitally important for 5G devices. It also covers a wide frequency range that includes terahertz and optical frequencies. Additionally, it discusses topics such as theoretical bounds of antennas and aspects of statistical analysis that are not readily found in the existing literature. This second volume covers the topics of: graphene-based antennas; millimeter-wave antennas; terahertz antennas; optical antennas; fundamental bounds of antennas; fast and numerically efficient techniques for analyzing antennas; statistical analysis of antennas; ultra-wideband arrays; reflectarrays; and antennas for small satellites, viz., CubeSats. The first volume covers the theory of characteristic modes (TCM) and characteristic bases; wideband antenna element designs; MIMO antennas; antennas for wireless communication; reconfigurable antennas employing microfluidics; flexible and body-worn antennas; and antennas using meta-atoms and artificially-engineered materials, or metamaterials (MTMs). The two volumes represent a unique combination of topics pertaining to antenna design and analysis, not found elsewhere. It is essential reading for the antenna community including designers, students, researchers, faculty engaged in teaching and research of antennas, and the users as well as decision makers.

Wearable continuous monitoring systems are necessary in risky environments such as mining and diving and are especially important in the medical monitoring of patients both in medical facilities and at home. All these applications of monitoring with data transmission functions can be achieved by using wearable antennas. Recently, possibilities of connecting completely independent appliances with textiles have emerged. However, full success will be achieved only when antennas and all related components are entirely converted into 100% textile materials. Design and Optimization of Sensors and Antennas for Wearable Devices provides innovative insights on the development of adaptable materials and textile antennas that can be used in the construction of wearable devices that are biocompatible and offer high conductivity, low cost, simplistic manufacturing, are comfortable for the wearer, and are water/climate safe and condition amicable. The content within this publication examines data transmission, wearable computing, and medical applications. It is designed for engineers, manufacturers, researchers, academicians, and scientists who are interested in the development of wearable technologies.