Object-Oriented Programming and Java presents two important topics in contemporary software development: object-oriented programming and Java. This book takes a different teaching approach from most available literature, it begins with the description of real-world object interaction scenarios and explains how they can be translated, represented and executed using object-oriented programming paradigm.

Principally, Java is an object-oriented programming language. By establishing a solid foundation in the understanding of object-oriented programming concepts and their applications, the book provides readers with the pre-requisites for writing proper object-oriented programs using Java.

Object-Oriented Programming and Java covers the latest in Java technologies and is suitable for undergraduate or postgraduate courses on object-oriented technology, and in particular, using Java as a programming language for creating object-oriented programs.

This volume constitutes the post-proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Implementation and Applications of Functional Languages. Fifteen full papers are presented. Each one was submitted to two rounds of reviews to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and readability. The papers address all current theoretical and methodological issues in functional and function-based languages.

The refereed post-proceedings of the International Workshop of the Types Working Group are presented in this volume. The 17 papers address all current issues in formal reasoning and computer programming based on type theory, including languages and computerized tools for reasoning; applications in several domains, such as analysis of programming languages; certified software; formalization of mathematics; and mathematics education.

This book will teach you how to build hand-crafted web pages the Web Standardistas way: using well-structured XHTML for content and CSS for presentation.

By embracing a web standards approach, you will hold the key to creating web sites that not only look great in all modern browsers, but also are accessible to a wide variety of audiences across a range of platformsfrom those browsing on everyday computers, to those accessing the Web on the latest emerging mobile devices.

Even if you're an absolute beginner in web design, this book will teach you how to build future-proof web pages the right way using easy-to-master tools which are, in most cases, free. Through 14 easy-to-follow chapters, we introduce you to the fundamentals of contemporary web design practice. Step by step we'll assemble well-structured XHTML webpages, which we'll then style using handcrafted CSS.

By the end of the book, you'll have a firm knowledge of the essentials of web design: everything you need to know to move forward in your lifelong journey as a Web Standardista.

To equip you on this noble quest, we've included enjoyable practical assignments at the end of each chapter. Embracing these challenges will not only teach you how to create great looking web sites that are the envy of your peers, but also equip you with an unrivaled knowledge of monkeys that journeyed to space and apes that starred in the moviesthe real stars of this book.

On completion of this book not only will you be able to create well-crafted web sites, but you will have earned the badge of a Web Standardista, proving your worth as a good citizen of the Web.

This volume contains papers presented at the 5th International Conference on ModelingDecisionsforArti?cialIntelligence(MDAI2008), heldinSabadell, C- alonia, Spain, October 30-31. This conference followed MDAI 2004 (Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain), MDAI 2005 (Tsukuba, Japan), MDAI 2007 (Tarragona, C- alonia, Spain), and MDAI 2008 (Kitakyushu, Japan) with proceedings also p- lished in the LNAI series (Vols. 3131, 3558, 3885, and 4617). The aim of this conference was to provide a forum for researchers to d- cuss the theory and tools for modeling decisions, as well as applications that encompass decision-making processes and information-fusion techniques. The organizers received 43 papers from 15 di?erent countries, from Asia, Europe, andAmerica,19ofwhicharepublishedinthis volume.Eachsubmission received at least two reviews from the Program Committee and a few external reviewers. We would like to express our gratitude to them for their work. The plenary talks presented at the conference are also included in this volume. TheconferencewassupportedbytheIIIA-CSIC, theUNESCOChairinData Privacy, theJapanSocietyforFuzzyTheoryandIntelligentInformatics(SOFT), the Catalan Association for Arti?cial Intelligence (ACIA), the European So- ety for Fuzzy Logic and Technology (EUSFLAT), the Spanish MEC (ARES - CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010 CSD2007-00004), and the City of Sabadell. July 2008 Vicen, c Torra Yasuo Narukawa Organization General Chair Vicen, c Torra, IIIA-CSIC, Catalonia, Spain Program Chairs Vicen, c Torra, IIIA-CSIC, Catalonia, Spain Yasuo Narukawa, Toho Gakuen, Japan Advisory Board L. Godo, J. Kacprzyk, S. Miyamoto, M. Sugeno, R. R. Yager Program Committee G. Beliakov, U. Bodenhofer, T. Calvo, J. Domingo-Ferrer, J. Dujmovic, B. H. Far, M. Grabisch, E. Herrera-Viedma, J. Herranz, K. Hirota, M. Inuiguchi,

Formal engineering methods are intended to o?er e?ective means for integ- tion of formal methods and practical software development technologies in the context of software engineering. Their purpose is to provide e?ective, rigorous, and systematic techniques for signi?cant improvement of software productivity, quality, and tool supportability. In comparison with formal methods, a distinct feature of formal engineering methods is that they emphasize the importance of the balance between the qualities of simplicity, visualization, and preciseness for practicality. To achieve this goal, formal engineering methods must be - veloped on the basis of both formal methods and existing software technologies in software engineering, and they must serve the improvement of the softwa- engineering process. ICFEM 2008 marks the tenth anniversary of the ?rst ICFEM conference, which was held in Hiroshima in 1997. It aims to bring together researchers and practitioners who are interested in the development and application of formal engineering methods to present their latest work and discuss future research directions. The conference o?ers a great opportunity for researchers in both formal methods and software engineering to exchange their ideas, experience, expectation and to ?nd out whether and how their research results can help advance the state of the art.

th The 13 edition of the International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies (Ada-Europe 2008) marked its arrival in Italy by selecting the splendid venue of Venice. It did so after having been hosted twice in Switzerland, Spain and the UK (Montreux for its inauguration in 1996 and Geneva in 2007; Santander in 1999 and Palma de Mallorca in 2004; London in 1997 and York in 2005), and having visited Sweden (Uppsala, 1998), Germany (Potsdam, 2000), Belgium (Leuven, 2001), Austria (Vienna, 2002), France (Toulouse, 2003) and Portugal (Porto, 2006). It was certainly high time that the conference came to Italy! The conference series, which is run and sponsored by Ada-Europe, chooses its yearly venue following two driving criteria: to celebrate the activity of one of its national member societies in a particular country, and/or to facilitate the formation, or the growth, of a national community around all aspects of reliable software technologies. The success of this year's conference, beside the richness of its technical and social program, will thus be measured by its lasting effects. We can only hope that the latter will be as good and vast as the former! Owing to the absence of a national society associated with Ada-Europe in Italy, the organization of the conference was technically sustained by selected members of the Board of Ada-Europe, its governing body, with some invaluable local support.

Constraint programming supports a great ambition for computer programming: the one of making programming essentially a modeling task, with equations, constraints, and logicalformulas. This ?eld emerged in the mid-1980sborrowing conceptsfromlogicprogramming, operationsresearch, andarti?cialintelligence. Its foundation is the use of relations on mathematical variables to compute with partial information systems. The successes of constraint programming for so- ing combinatorial optimization problems in industry or commerce are related to the advances made in the ?eld on new constraint propagationtechniques and on declarativelanguageswhich allowcontrolonthe mixing of heterogeneousreso- tiontechniquessuchasnumerical, symbolic, deductive, andheuristictechniques. This volumecontainsthe papers selectedfor the post-proceedingsof the12th International Workshop on Constraint Solving and Constraint Logic Progr- ming (CSCLP 2007) held during June 7-8, 2008 in Rocquencourt, France. This workshop, open to all, was organized as the 12th meeting of the working group onConstraintsofthe EuropeanResearchConsortiumfor Informaticsand Ma- ematics (ERCIM), continuing a series of workshops organized since the creation of the working group in 1997. A selection of papers of these annual workshops have been published since 2002 in a series of books which illustrate the evo- tion of the ?eld, under the title "Recent Advances in Constraints"in the Lecture Notes in Arti?cial Intelligence series. This year, there were 16 submissions, most of them being extended and - vised versions of papers presented at the workshop, plus some new papers. Each submission was reviewed by three reviewers. The Program Committee decided to accept ten papers for publication in this book.

Visual Basic 2005 has established itself over the last twelve months as the language of choice for first-time developers moving onto the .NET 2.0 Framework. The language's clear syntax and helpful user-friendly features naturally appeal to developers just starting out on their coding careers.

This book is designed to help this large audience of emerging talents during their first few years in the industry. It is packed with solutions to the common problems that professionals in the field encounter day-in day-out. The book collates these problems and explains their available solutions providing the reader with a succinct explanation of the issues they are facing and a break-down of how the problem can be solved. A complete fully-working code sample is provided for each recipe to put the reader's development back on track.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Logics in Artificial Intelligence, JELIA 2008, held in Dresden, Germany, Liverpool, in September/October 2008.

The 32 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 98 submissions. The papers cover a broad range of topics including belief revision, description logics, non-monotonic reasoning, multi-agent systems, probabilistic logic, and temporal logic.

This amply illustrated book is about building some of Leonardo da Vinci's most famous inventions with LEGO's breathtaking robot technology, the LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT. In this book, you will revive such fascinating devices as the flying machine, the aerial screw, the revolving bridge, the double leaf spring catapult, and the armored carfive centuries after their creation by the great Renaissance engineer. Using some of the most advanced programming environments for the NXT, you will make robots that work, move, and respond the way Leonardo intended his original inventions to do 500 years ago.

By engineering the LEGO models contained in this, book you will not only become acquainted with the MINDSTORMS NXT technology, but also with strategies to build advanced robots with NXT and to program them using different state-of-the-art NXT programming languages such as NXT-G, NXC, RobotC, pbLua, and leJOS NXJ.

For all five robots, historical background information is provided. Detailed high-quality step-by-step building instructions, as well as an elaborate guide for each single program enable both the inexperienced LEGO user as well as the NXT aficionado to become acquainted with the art of producing marvelous NXT creations and make use of many sophisticated features of the NXT.

This book will unleash the creative powers that slumber in everyone and combine them with the pure joy of playing. But beware: you might be surprised by the stupendous results this combination is apt to spawn.

Jean-Pierre Jouannaud has deeply influenced, and is still influencing, research in Informatics, through the many important results he has produced in various research fields and through the generations of scholars he has educated. He has played a leading role in field of rewriting and its technology, advancing the research areas of unification, rewriting and completion modulo, conditional rewriting, termination proofs, modular properties, and automated proofs by induction in rewrite theories. Following his strong interest for algebraic specification languages and their efficient implementation, Jean-Pierre Jouannaud has contributed to the design, semantics and implementation of OBJ2 and has recently augmented the Maude rewriting logic system with an essential feature: membership equational logic. He was a member of the CNU (National University Council) and a member of the CNRS national committee. He is now heading with great success the computer science laboratory at the Ecole Polytechnique thus showing his exceptional qualities as a research team manager and supervisor of students.

This Festschrift volume, published to honor Jean-Pierre Jouannaud on his 60th Birthday on May 12, 2007, includes 13 refereed papers by leading researchers, current and former colleagues, who congregated at a celebratory symposium held in Cachan near Paris, France, on June 21-22, 2007. The papers are grouped in thematic sections on Rewriting Foundations, Proof and Computation, and a final section entitled Towards Safety and Security.

Ruby has set the world on fire, proving itself a serious challenger to Perl and Python in all spheres. In particular, more and more people are discovering that Ruby's flexibility, superb feature set, and gentle learning curve make it a natural choice for system administration tasks, from the humblest server to the largest enterprise deployment.

Within the pages of Practical Ruby for System Administration, you'll learn the Ruby way to construct files, tap into clouds of data, build domain-specific languages, perform network traffic analysis, and more.

Based on author Andre Ben Hamou 's own experiences working as a system administrator, this book will help you pick up practical tips on Ruby coding style, learn how to analyze and improve script performance, and make use of no-nonsense advice on scripting workflow, including testing and documentation.

Above all, you'll come to appreciate the sheer power of Ruby and the hundreds of benefits it offers for system administration.This book places equal emphasis on fundamental Ruby concepts as well as practical how-tos. It uses examples from other languages to ease the transition to Ruby. The book is concise, entertaining, and informativeunlike many books aimed at system administrators, which can be overly long and stodgy.

These proceedings contain most of the papers that werepresented at the Second International Conference on Language and Automata Theory and Applications (LATA 2008), held in Tarragona, Spain, during March 13-19, 2008. The scope of LATA is rather broad, including: words, languages and - tomata; grammars (Chomsky hierarchy, contextual, multidimensional, uni?- tion, categorial, etc. );grammarsandautomataarchitectures;extendedautomata; combinatorics on words; language varieties and semigroups; algebraic language theory; computability; computational, descriptional, and parameterized c- plexity;decidability questions onwordsandlanguages;patterns andcodes;s- bolic dynamics; regulated rewriting; trees, tree languages and tree machines; term rewriting; graphs and graph transformation; power series; fuzzy and rough languages; cellular automata; DNA and other models of bio-inspired comp- ing; quantum, chemical and optical computing; biomolecular nanotechnology; automata and logic; algorithms on automata and words; automata for s- tem analysis and program veri?cation; automata, concurrency and Petri nets; parsing; weighted machines; transducers; foundations of ?nite state technology; grammatical inference and algorithmic learning; text retrieval, pattern mat- ing and pattern recognition; text algorithms; string and combinatorial issues in computationalbiologyandbioinformatics;mathematicalevolutionarygenomics; language-based cryptography; data and image compression; circuits and n- works; language-theoretic foundations of arti?cial intelligence and arti?cial life; digital libraries; and document engineering. LATA 2008 received 134 submissions. Each of them was reviewed by at least three Program Committee members plus, in most cases, by additional external referees. After a thorough and vivid evaluation phase the committee decided to accept 40 papers (which means an acceptance rate of 29. 85%

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference on Formal Methods for Open Object-Based Distributed Systems, FMOODS 2007, held in Paphos, Cyprus in June 2007.

The 17 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. The papers are organized in topcical sections on model checking rewriting logic components and services algebraic calculi specification, verification and refinenment, and quality of service.

Conceptual modeling has long been recognized as the primary means to enable so- ware development in information systems and data engineering. Conceptual modeling provides languages, methods and tools to understand and represent the application domain; to elicit, conceptualize and formalize system requirements and user needs; to communicate systems designs to all stakeholders; and to formally verify and validate systems design on high levels of abstraction. The International Conference on Conceptual Modeling provides a premiere forum for presenting and discussing current research and applications in which the major emphasis is on conceptual modeling. Topics of interest span the entire spectrum of conceptual modeling including research and practice in areas such as theories of concepts and ontologies underlying conceptual modeling, methods and tools for - veloping and communicating conceptual models, and techniques for transforming conceptual models into effective implementations. The scientific program of ER 2008 featured several activities running in parallel. The core activity was the presentation of the 33 research papers published in this volume, which were selected by a large Program Committee (PC) Co-chaired by Qing Li, Stefano Spaccapietra and Eric Yu. We thank the PC Co-chairs, the PC members and the additional referees for the hard work done, often within a short time. Thanks are also due to Moira Norrie from ETH Zurich, Oscar Pastor from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, and Amit Sheth from the Wright State Univ- sity for accepting our invitation to present keynotes."

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics (TPHOLs 2008), which was held during August 18-21, 2008 in Montreal, Canada. TPHOLs covers all aspects of theorem proving in higher order logics as well as related topics in theorem proving and veri?cation. There were 40 papers submitted to TPHOLs 2008 in the full research c- egory, each of which was refereed by at least four reviewers selected by the ProgramCommittee. Of these submissions, 17 researchpapers and 1 proofpearl were accepted for presentation at the conference and publication in this v- ume. In keeping with longstanding tradition, TPHOLs 2008 also o?ered a venue for the presentation of emerging trends, where researchers invited discussion by means of a brief introductory talk and then discussed their work at a poster session. A supplementary proceedings volume was published as a 2008 technical report of Concordia University. The organizersaregratefulto MichaelGordonand StevenMiller for agreeing togiveinvitedtalksatTPHOLs2008.Aspartofthecelebrationofthe20yearsof TPHOLs, TPHOLs 2008 invited tool developers and expert users to give special tool presentations of the most representative theorem provers in higher order logics. The following speakers kindly accepted our invitation and we aregrateful tothem: YvesBertot(Coq), MattKaufmann(ACL2), SamOwre(PVS), Konrad Slind (HOL), and Makarius Wenzel (Isabel

"Practical Rails Social Networking Sites" shows you the complete development cycle of a social networking community web site. The project develops first as a simple content management system, after which author Alan Bradburne progressively adds features in order to build a full Web 2.0-enabled community-based social networking site using Ruby on Rails.

You will learn how to make the best use of the Ruby on Rails framework within a large project and how to implement and adapt features specific to a community. The book offers practical advice and tips for developing and testing, along with guidance on how to take your site live, as well as optimize and maintain it.

The book also explores how to integrate with other community sites such as Flickr and Google Maps, and how to make good use of Rails Ajax features. You will also learn how to optimize and adapt your site to work well on mobile browsers.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications, RTA 2007, held in Paris, France in June 2007 in conjunction with TLCA 2007, the 8th International Conference on Typed Lambda Calculi and Applications as part of RDP 2007, the 4th International Conference on Rewriting, Deduction, and Programming.

The 24 revised full papers and 3 systems description papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 69 initial submissions and are presented together with 3 invited talks. The papers cover current research on all aspects of rewriting featuring applications, foundational issues, frameworks, implementations, as well as semantics.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Scalable Uncertainty Management, SUM 2008, held in Naples, Italy, in Oktober 2008.

The 27 revised full papers presented together with the extended abstracts of 3 invited talks/tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. The papers address artificial intelligence researchers, database researchers, and practitioners to demonstrate theoretical techniques required to manage the uncertainty that arises in large scale real world applications and to cope with large volumes of uncertainty and inconsistency in databases, the Web, the semantic Web, and artificial intelligence in general.

The 13th International Conference on Implementation and Application of - tomata (CIAA 2008) was held at San Francisco State University, San Francisco, July 21-24, 2008. This volume of Lecture Notes in Computer Science contains the papers that were presented at CIAA 2008, as well as the abstracts of the poster papers that were displayed during the conference. The volume also includes the - per/extended abstract of the four invited talks presented by Markus Holzer, Kai Salomaa, Mihalis Yannakakis, and Hsu-Chun Yen. The 24 regular papers were selected from 40 submissions covering various topics in the theory, implementation, and applications of automata and related structures. Each submitted paper was reviewed by at least three ProgramC- mittee members, with the assistance of external referees. The authors of the papers and posters presented in this volume come from the following co- tries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Columbia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, United Arab Emerates, and USA. We wish to thank all who made this conference possible: the authors for s- mittingpapers, theProgramCommitteemembersandexternalreferees(listedin the proceedings) for their excellent work, and the four invited speakers. Finally, we wish to express our sincere appreciation to the sponsors, local organizers, and the editors of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science seriesand Springer, in particular Alfred Hofmann, for their help in publishing this volume in a timely manner

ThisvolumecontainsthepaperspresentedatRTA2008:19thInternationalC- ference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications held July 15-17th in Hag- berg, AustriaandorganisedbytheResearchInstituteonSymbolicComputation. There were 57 submissions. Each submission was reviewed by at least four Programme Committee members. The committee decided to accept 30 papers. The submission and Programme Committee work was organised through the EasyChair system. I thank the Programme Committee members for their very e?cient work. My special thanks to Temur Kutsia, Aart Middeldorp, Robert Nieuwenhuis and Maribel Fernandez for their help and advice on many aspects of the RTA - ganisation and traditions. I would also like to thank RTA General Chair Bruno Buchberger. April 2008 Andrei Voronkov Conference Organisation General Chair Bruno Buchberger (Johannes Kepler University Linz) Programme Chair Andrei Voronkov (University of Manchester) Organising Committee Chair Temur Kutsia (Johannes Kepler University Linz) Programme Committee Maribel Fern andez (King's College London) Neil Ghani (University of Nottingham) J] urgen Giesl (RWTH Aachen) Guillem Godoy (Universidad Polit ecnica de Cataluna ) Jean Goubault-Larrecq (ENS Cachan) Tetsuo Ida (University of Tsukuba) Claude Kirchner (INRIA) Konstantin Korovin (University of Manchester) Temur Kutsia (Johannes Kepler University Linz) Aart Middeldorp (University of Innsbruck) Paliath Narendran (University at Albany - SUNY) Robert Nieuwenhuis (Universidad Polit ecnica de Cataluna ) Micha] el Rusinowitch (LORIA-INRIA) Aaron Stump (Washington University in St."

This volume consists of the proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Formal Modelling and Analysis of Timed Systems (FORMATS 2008). The maingoalof thisseriesofconferencesis to bring togetherdiversecommunitiesof researchers that deal with the timing aspects of computing systems. Both f- damental and practical aspects of timed systems are addressed. Further, three invited talks that survey various aspects of this broad research domain were presented at the conference: "Composing Web Services in an Open World: QoS Issues" (Albert Benveniste); "Recent Results in Metric Temporal Logic" (Jo] el Ouaknine); "Comparing the Expressiveness of Timed Automata and Timed - tensions of Petri Nets" (Jiri Srba). FORMATS2008wasco-locatedwithQEST2008(FifthInternationalConf- ence on the Quantitative Evaluation of SysTems) and took place in Saint-Malo, France, during September 14-17, 2008. Detailed information about FORMATS 2008 can be found athttp: //formats08.inria.fr/, while, the generic link for the QEST conference series ishttp: //www.qest.org. This was a great opp- tunity for researchers of both communities to share their scienti?c interests in timed systems."

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference of Abstract State Machines, B and Z, ABZ 2008, held in London, UK, in September 2008. The conference simultaneously incorporated the 15th International ASM Workshop, the 17th International Conference of Z Users and the 8th International Conference on the B Method.

The 44 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The conference fosters the cross-fertilization of three rigorous methods for the design and analysis of hardware and software systems - both in academia and industry - namely Abstract State Machines, B, and Z. Covering a wide range of research spanning from theoretical and methodological foundations to tool support and practical applications, the contributions are organized in topical sections on abstract state machines, B papers, Z papers, ABZ short papers, and the papers of the Verified Software Repository Network (VSR-net) workshop.

This volumecontainsthe proceedingsof ICCS 2008, the 16thInternationalC- ference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS). The focus of the ICCS conference is the representation and analysis of conceptual knowledge. ICCS brings together researchers to explore novel ways that Conceptual Structures can be used. ConceptualStructuresaremotivated byC.S. Peirce'sExistentialGraphsand were popularized by J.F. Sowa in the 1980s. Over 16 years ICCS has increased its scope to include innovations from a range of theories and related Conceptual Structure practices, among them formal concept analysis and ontologies. The- fore, ICCS presents a family of Conceptual Structure approaches that build on techniques derived from arti?cial intelligence, knowledge representation, applied mathematics and lattice theory, computational linguistics, conceptual modeling, intelligent systems and knowledge management. This volume's title -Knowledge Visualization and Reasoning - is intended to highlight the shared origins of Conceptual Structures with other visual forms of reasoning. J. Howse's invited survey paper "Diagrammatic Reasoning Systems" sets the scene for this theme, and severalother papers in the volume extend and reinforce these connections. The regular papers in this LNAI volume are split between theoretical and appliedcontributions.ICCShas traditionsinpracticalsystems sothe conference includestheone-dayConceptualStructuresToolInteroperabilityWorkshop(CS- TIW 2008) - published as a separate proceedings in the CEUR-WS. Both ICCS 2008 workshop and conference programhighlight results achieved with a variety of Conceptual Structures-based software.