The treaty of Maastricht envisages the full economic and monetary union in Europe. With increasing real and monetary integration policy decisions in individual member countries tend to have a growing impact on the other member countries of the European Community. Against this background the following study analyses within a unified theoretical framework the impact of monetary and fiscal policy pursued by one country on its own macroeconomic performance as well as on those of the other member countries and of the rest of the world. The analysis contrasts the cases of a small and a large European union relative to the rest of the world and distinguishes very clearly between the short-run, the medium-run and the long-run effects. Based on this the consequences for union cohesion and the scope for policy coordination are discussed. Since the analytical framework is defined by a three country model many results from the traditional policy coordination literature which relies on two country models are qualified. In contrasts to most previous research in this area particular attention is paid to the implications of asymmetries between the EC member countries. Furthermore, the structural parameters are in some instances not taken as given but as responsive to the integration process. In this context numerous links to the traditional literature on optimal currency areas are established and interesting implications for union cohesion during the transition are derived.

This study was conceived while I was a research assistant in the Department of Development Economics at the University of Heidelberg. The atmosphere there stimulated my interest in the increasing importance of the instimtional dimension of development administration. Since the smdy consists of both theoretical and empirical data, a large number of very different people have helped me to successfully complete the project. For the theoretical parts and the overall framework I am indebted to my advisor Prof. Bruno Knall, Dr. Hans Christoph Rieger, and my colleague Karl Ludwig Brockmann of the Department of Development Economics. I also want to express my gratimde to Bernhard Warkentin, Micheline Beaudry-Somcynsky, Dr. Kraft, Prof. Seifert, Prof. Rifkin, Prof. Liesegang, and Prof. Kieser, who offered useful advice on the overall framework of the smdy. For the empirical parts, I am also indebted to a large number of people in many different organizations. In particular may I express my gratimde to Mr. Kano and Mr. Sasaki of nCA. With their kind assistance I could stay two times as a visiting researcher in nCA and could survey several projects in Thailand. I am greatly indebted to the nCA office and the project personnel there. The frank comments about their activities was a very useful source of information.

Locates the inefficiencies of the traditional public enterprise model within its management and contextual factors. The former include overprotection from consumer liability, statutory power to commit wrongs with impunity, and legal limitations on their liability for negligence.

Tax Havens for International Business is a special management report that shows how the establishment of a tax haven operation, in any of many locations worldwide, can save more money than any internal tax-shelter programme. This volume provides a comprehensive, step-by-step plan that simplifies the myriad complexities surrounding the formation and incorporation of branch offices and subsidiary companies within such tax havens as the Bahamas, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Greece, Hong Kong, Luxembourg, Malta, The Netherlands, Panama, Puerto Rico, and Switzerland. In addition, it presents detailed information on each tax haven's economic, legal, political, cultural and geographical aspects, which must be considered if such an enterprise is to operate successfully.

It is really no longer necessary to stress the importance of availing of sound statistical information on the environment. Originally .limited to circles of insiders and experts this message has now fully reached political decision makers and the general public at large. In this procedure macro-economics has - sumed a particular role, e.g. when evaluating related financial implications but also when propagating alarming overall figures on the harm this generation is doing to our environment. Accordingly, the need is o >vious to further promote the development of international standards and - operation in the field of environment statistics in general and environmental economic accounts in p- ticular. Therefore, the AiJstrian Statistical Society (ASS) together with the Austrian Central Statistical Office (ACSO) with pleasure hosted the IARIW Special Conference on Environmental Economic Accounts, in May 1991. These institutions are similarly pleased that now this publication on the proceedings of this Conference can be presented. They connect this with grateful thanks to all those who contributed to the successful completion of this work, in particular the authors and the editors. The impression seems warranted that the outcome of this coordinated overall endeavour was more than just better mutual understanding, viz. something like an increasing consciousness of the common - nominator tending to expand.

This work challenges the theories of public goods, public enterprise and public choice on three fronts. Government action reflects wider interests and commitments than just the material self-interest assumed as primary by the three theories. Government contributes to the productivity and quality of the modern mixed economy in ways not captured by theories stressing the inherent superiority of private markets. Lastly, old and new ideas within established traditions of political thought justify government action beyond the libertarian argument for limited government.

For years now, Americans have called for a balanced budget, debt reduction, and fiscal sanity. Yet the federal government continues to spend beyond its income, driving the level of federal debt up and public confidence down. Why is that? Why have the monsters of public finance--pork-barrel spending, entitlements, and the deficit--remained unchecked for so long? What effects have they had on our economy and our politics? What, if anything, can be done to tame them?This concise, well-written primer of American political economy offers answers to these questions and more, all the while covering a vast and complicated intellectual terrain in an accessible and engaging way. Political scientist G. Calvin Mackenzie and economist Saranna Thornton combine forces here to clear up some of the mysteries of contemporary economic theory and practice. They take us on a sweeping tour of the economic turning points in our national history and then go on to discuss what it will take to make sound economic policy and, ultimately, good government for the twenty-first century.Everyone--but especially students of American government, public policy, economics, and business--should have a copy of this on the shelf to help them make sense of the economic news and its political ramifications.

This book discusses the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in global transportation infrastructure. Seen as a way to provide vital services in an era of shrinking government budgets, public-private partnerships have become an increasingly important part of travel infrastructure worldwide. This book describes and analyzes the structure of various models of PPPs in various countries, evaluating their effectiveness, and drawing policy implications for future use. Written by leading international researchers and practitioners in the transportation field, each chapter is a case study on the adoption, implementation, and outcome of transportation services in different municipalities. Taken together, these diverse case studies provide an integrated framework for evaluating and using PPPs. Providing rigorous empirical analysis of PPPs in transportation, this volume will be of interest to researchers in public administration, political science, and economics as well as practitioners and policymakers involved in establishing and monitoring PPPs in transportation.

A survey of governmental industrial policy in Britain from 1900 to 1990, revealing both the macroeconomic context of such policy and the microeconomic effects. Dr Tomlinson is a reputable scholar of government policy over this period, and this book illuminates both the formation of policy, and the capacity of each government to fulfil its aims.

The single market has been operating in Europe since 1 January 1993 but the twelve national fiscal systems remain independent. How will this be resolved? Harmonization and coordination or fiscal competition with distortions in the allocation of resources, in factor use, in localization of activities?

Italy has a huge and interventionist governmental economic policy: the general government spends over 50% of the Gross Domestic Product. Professor Padoa Schioppa Kostoris argues that much of this public action and regulation is irrational and counter-efficient. For example, the author analyses the role of taxes and subsidies, and concludes that these are accorded without any regard to their implications; illustrates that national wage equalization fails to allow the South to compete for industry on the grounds of lower labour costs; argues that private capital investment is often 'crowded out' by public money, and reveals inefficiencies in the provision of public services. Professor Padoa Schioppa Kostoris then argues that the Italian economy is also characterised by a large and efficient 'black market', and that much of the private sector already evades the command and control imposed by the state. Since de facto deregulation therefore exists to a large extent in the Italian economy, the author calls for legal deregulation and privatisation. She argues that a decrease in and an altered character of public action will enable the Italian economy to achieve higher rates of growth, and to reconcile the goals of efficiency and public interest.

Presents the policies and strategies of a wide-ranging group of ministerial personalities, central bankers, regulators and chief or senior executives of major financial and industrial groups. Their vision of the future is based on their high-level experience.

'...very valuable for both policy-makers and researchers...' Professor Athar Hussain, Director, Development Economics Research Programme, STICERD, The London School of Economics and Political Science 'The really novel idea is to bring together the experience of three rather diverse countries and then to discuss Eastern Europe in the light of this experience. State holding companies are likely to play a major role in Eastern Europe over the next ten years or more but very little has been written on them and few of the people advising the East Europeans have any real knowledge about them.' Professor Robert Rowthorn, University of Cambridge '...rich and substantial...' Professor John Toye, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex '...most informative...The conclusions are appropriately restrained, well-balanced and wise...The emphasis on the differences between portfolio management and enterprise management is a distinction that East Europe will eventually have to learn.' Raymond Vernon, Emeritus Professor, John F.Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University Large and poorly performing state-owned enterprises pose a problem for countries attempting to move away from government controls towards more liberal economic environments. Privatization is an unproven solution which is proving difficult to implement on a major scale. Intermediate solutions may therefore prove to be the way forward. This book focuses on one of these: the state holding company. It first discusses the state holding company as a managerial form, which permits decentralised public enterprise management, and offers a framework for its analysis. Then, drawing upon the experience of both developed and developing countries, it examines the extent to which the indirect state ownership of public enterprises through holding companies can contribute to transition processes. It shows that the experience of countries like Italy, Egypt and Algeria has direct relevance for institutional structures evolving in the newly transforming countries of Eastern Europe, which are struggling to find a balance between public enterprise ownership and efficiency.

Using Thai-language archival material, this book examines a crucial element in the dismantling of the traditional government structure and the installation of a Western-style administration - the creation of a modern Ministry of Finance.

This book from the Centre for Economic Policy Research collects theoretical, applied and historical research on the welfare economics of public debt; how inappropriate debt management can lead to funding crises; capital levies; debt consolidation; U.S. public debt history; political influences on debt accumulation; trade-offs between indexation and maturity; and confidence effects in a stochastic rational expectations framework.

The books in this series aim to reflect the enormous economic and political changes that small and medium-sized nations in East and South-East Asia have been undergoing in the 1970s and 1980s and to show the impact of these changes on the world economy.

A collection of essays presenting new insights into the analysis of public debt theory, recent historical episodes, econometric analyses and policy dilemmas and options. It also documents the perceptions of debt problems from viewpoints of national economies as well as the world economy.

This book presents an in-depth analysis of key recommendations of the consecutive state finance commissions (SFCs) across states of India in the local and national perspective. It reviews the working of SFCs and their critical role in strengthening local governments, both Panchayats and municipalities in the various states. The volume attempts to identify some of the emerging issues related to the efficacy of SFC in fiscal decentralization. It appraises nearly eighty SFC reports and actions taken thereon by the respective State Governments with contextual analysis.

A compilation of papers given at a Conference of the International Economic Association analyze the world-wide experiences of incomes policy when, in the 1970s and early 1980s, this was seen as a crucial target for government.

In this time of acute financial pressure on public budgets, there is an increasing interest worldwide in alternative ways for governments to raise money, and how public authorities can develop the capacity to administer revenues efficiently and effectively. Taxation, the primary source of public revenue, is exposed to various threats, while alternative sources of public revenues have much potential but are rarely carefully designed and harnessed. Public Sector Revenue: Principles, Policies and Management sets itself apart from other textbooks through its exclusive focus on the revenue side of public financial management. It provides the reader with the theoretical foundations and practical tools to understand the generation and management of revenues in the public sector, and it weaves a wide range of international examples throughout the text. Students will also benefit from a companion website with supplements including test questions and answers to the end-of-chapter discussion questions inside the book. This textbook will be essential reading for students, managers and policymakers within the areas of public financial management, public sector accounting and public administration.

Public-goods theory constituted a major element in James M. Buchanan's research agenda throughout the 1960s. "The Demand and Supply of Public Goods" is a major part of that work.
At the time that Buchanan was elaborating on his theories of public goods, the prevailing trend in public economics was the emergence of public-expenditure theory, which attempted to form a comprehensive theory of the state around the notion of market failure.
"The Demand and Supply of Public Goods" established Buchanan's broad purpose of explicitly comparing market performance with political performance. As such, the book is an important part of Buchanan's contractarian theory of the "productive state."
Conceived originally as a series of lectures given at Cambridge University in 1961 and 1962, "The Demand and Supply of Public Goods" is written for students, but is in no way a textbook of dry pedagogy. Instead, as Geoffrey Brennan writes in the foreword, "What Buchanan provides here is a clear statement of the contractarian approach to public goods problems, very much in the 'voluntary exchange' tradition of Wicksell and Lindhal."
James M. Buchanan is an eminent economist who won the Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1986 and is considered one of the greatest scholars of liberty in the twentieth century.
The entire series will include:
Volume 1 "The Logical Foundations of Constitutional Liberty"
Volume 2 "Public Principles of Public Debt "
Volume 3 "The Calculus of Consent "
Volume 4 "Public Finance in Democratic Process"
Volume 5 "The Demand and Supply of Public Goods"
Volume 6 "Cost and Choice"
Volume 7 "The Limits of Liberty"
Volume 8 "Democracy in Deficit"
Volume 9 "The Power to Tax"
Volume 10 "The Reason of Rules"
Volume 11 "Politics by Principle, Not Interest"
Volume 12 "Economic Inquiry and Its Logic"
Volume 13 "Politics as Public Choice"
Volume 14 "Debt and Taxes"
Volume 15 "Externalities and Public Expenditure Theory"
Volume 16 "Choice, Contract, and Constitutions"
Volume 17 "Moral Science and Moral Order"
Volume 18 "Federalism, Liberty, and the Law"
Volume 19 "Ideas, Persons, and Events"
Volume 20 "Indexes"

China has a leading edge over the advanced countries in process of digitalisation and has created the world's first central bank digital currency, or CBDC. The business community is well aware of China's role in leading the way in global business disruption and innovation by being fast and first, global and local, and by investing in e-commerce platforms, big data, 5G network and artificial intelligence applications. Applying economic theories and data analysis, Chi Lo discusses the impact of China's digital disruption to the world's financial systems, trade and investment trends, economic policy, regulations and geopolitics. The Digital Renminbi's Disruption analyses the uncharted territories in which world is moving into, such as China's expansion of its digital infrastructure to the developing world and even advanced economies. Unique to this study is the linking of the geopolitical and China's own domestic political developments with China's digitalisation process to articulate the hidden, and often misunderstood, themes and trends both within China and the global system. Exposing hidden trends and systemic flaws and debunking myths, The Digital Renminbi's Disruption contributes to revealing China's digital disruption and leads to a better understanding of upcoming potential volatility in the wake of the unfolding digital revolution.

Die regelmassig erscheinenden Berichte zur Lage des Eigentums" thematisieren die Problem- und Erkenntnisfelder im Umfeld des Privateigentums in all seinen relevanten Bezugen, aus allen wissenschaftlichen Forschungsrichtungen sowie in nationaler, europaischer und globaler Perspektive. Themen des ersten Bandes: Rechtsprechungsentwicklung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zu Art. 14 GG; internationaler Eigentumsschutz in Europa und auf der Ebene der Welthandelsorganisation."