Building on the success of the first edition, the second edition of The Law of Arbitration: South African and International Arbitration sets out the South African common law, legislation and local and international case law applicable to each stage of the arbitration cycle, including the arbitration agreement, intervention by courts pending arbitration, the appointment of and challenges to the arbitrators, the pleadings and arbitration proceedings, and the arbitration award. A brief overview of alternative dispute resolution approaches is also provided as a contextual introduction.

The second edition now incorporates the new International Arbitration Act 15 of 2017 and updates the references to local case law as well as international case law relating to the UNCITRAL Model Arbitration Law (MAL). Act 15 of 2017 cements South Africa’s position not only as a venue for international arbitration but also for the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, making this title indispensable for South African arbitrators wanting to gain experience in international arbitration.

The following appendices are incorporated in the second edition of The Law of Arbitration:

• The Arbitration Act 42 of 1965;
• The Rules for the Conduct of Arbitrations (2018 Edition) of the Association of Arbitrators (Southern Africa);
• The International Arbitration Act 15 of 2017, together with its Schedules (UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration; UNCITRAL Conciliation Rules; Convention on The Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral awards)

This indispensable book offers a concise comparative introduction to international commercial arbitration. With reference to recent case law from leading jurisdictions and up-to-date rules revisions, International Commercial Arbitration provides a comparative analysis of the issues raised in arbitration, from the time of drafting of the arbitration clause to the rendering of the arbitral award and the post-award stage. Combining perspectives from both practice and academia, Franco Ferrari, Friedrich Rosenfeld and Consultant Editor John Fellas examine all the key points of international commercial arbitration. After introductory remarks on the applicable normative framework, the book covers arbitration agreements and their enforcement, the initiation of proceedings and the constitution of the tribunal, the taking of evidence, issues arising in complex arbitrations, as well as the award and the post-award regime. Scholars and students of international commercial arbitration across the globe will find this book invaluable for its comparative analysis. It will also be most useful for arbitration practitioners and judges interested in learning how jurisdictions differ in their approaches to arbitration proceedings.

As the arbitration of internal trust disputes has attracted significant attention amongst the arbitration and trust law communities in recent years, this book provides a timely and comprehensive examination of the ways of overcoming challenges associated with trust arbitration. Rebutting arguments made against the enforceability of trust arbitration clauses, it highlights key traps for the unwary when drafting such clauses, and thereby provides readers with the necessary knowledge to enter by the narrow gate of trust arbitration, rather than by the broad gate of trust litigation. Key features include: Guidance for the drafting of trust arbitration clauses In-depth analysis of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and natural justice issues posed by trust arbitration Comparisons between several commonwealth jurisdictions to determine how trust arbitration could work in each system Analysis and commentary on multiple common law trust arbitration statutes, as well as relevant international treaties, including the Hague Trust Convention and the New York Convention Arbitrators, private client lawyers, trust professionals and scholars will greatly benefit from the detailed analysis and commentary in this book. Accessible in style, it will also prove invaluable to students of arbitration or trust law.

The New York Convention is regarded as one of the most successful treaties in the past fifty-five years. Its simplicity and brevity in wording but complexity and diversity in application have triggered endless discussions, debates and writings. Rethinking the New York Convention - A Law and Economics Approach for the first time offers a unique jurisprudence-oriented analysis by applying two major analytic approaches, namely Darwinian legal theory and game theory. Four key topics are analysed in this book: the evolution of the treaty, the competition among various jurisdictions, lex mercatoria and governing law in arbitration, and the doctrine of public policy. This choice of key topics offers the opportunity to look into these so-called core dilemmas surrounding the New York Convention from different angles, inspiring the reader to think outside the box. In addition, against the background of the current financial crisis, this book focuses on the use of the New York Convention in the context of global governance and discusses the need for a reform of the existing regime of cross-border transactions and activities. Rethinking the New York Convention - A Law and Economics Approach explores the topic in a refreshing style and will be of use for anyone who is interested in arbitration or law and economics.

This forward-looking book examines dispute resolution issues in the context of Belt and Road Initiative dealings between parties in ASEAN Member States, China and other trade partners. It discusses a range of commercial dispute issues and economic agreements including free trade agreements and investment agreements, both bilateral and regional. Locknie Hsu presents research on dispute settlement options and emerging issues for ASEAN businesses relating to projects and transactions undertaken in relation to the Belt and Road Initiative. She translates these options and issues into opportunities in economic treaty negotiations, utilization of national and regional dispute settlement institutions and better handling of emerging issues (such as environment-related claims and technology applications in dispute resolution) and in legal capacity-building in ASEAN. The book explores findings from academic research, empirical information, selected Case Studies (on environmental and other claims in ASEAN and beyond) and salient legal and technological developments, to provide insights and lessons that make this original book a rich and useful legal and research resource. This book's recommendations will provide food for thought for policy-makers and treaty negotiators who are considering new possibilities and directions to make dispute settlement a better and more fruitful experience in ASEAN. It will also be of interest to practitioners, scholars and students of commercial law, international trade law and dispute resolution, particularly in an Asian context.

This Commentary provides rich and detailed analysis both of the provisions of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (the Model Law), and of its implementation, including a comparative account of the operation of the Model Law in the numerous jurisdictions which have adopted it throughout the world. Key Features: Comparative and thorough analysis of the provisions of the Model Law Consideration of the interpretations of the Model Law adopted by courts, with references to numerous cases from common law jurisdictions (Singapore, Hong Kong, India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada), Germany and Austria, central Europe (Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria), Spain, South Korea and Egypt Insight into variations in the statutory implementation of the Model Law in various jurisdictions across Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Latin and North America, with the most common amendments identified and highlighted Discussion on whether the amendments adopted in Model Law jurisdictions should be persuasive in other Model Law jurisdictions Exploring how the Model Law is applied and interpreted in multiple jurisdictions, this practical and exhaustive commentary will be an essential resource for arbitrators and commercial litigators and will also appeal to scholars in the fields of arbitration, international dispute resolution, and international commercial law.

This thought-provoking book combines analysis of international commercial and investment treaty arbitration to examine how they have been framed by the twin tensions of "in/formalisation" and "glocalisation". Taking a comparative approach, the book focuses on Australia and Japan in their attempts to become regional hubs for international arbitration and dispute resolution services in the increasingly influential Asia-Pacific context as well as a global context. Interweaving historical, empirical and doctrinal research from over two decades of work in the field, Luke Nottage provides an interdisciplinary perspective on the shifting state of arbitration over this period. Chapters incorporate empirical findings on topics such as case disposition times for arbitration-related court proceedings, media coverage of arbitration and Arb-Med patterns in Japanese arbitrations. The book also makes normative arguments for more concerted bilateral and regional efforts to maintain global approaches and to encourage renewed informalisation in international arbitration. This book will be an invaluable read for both scholars and practitioners of international commercial arbitration and dispute resolution, particularly those in or involved with the Asia-Pacific region. Government policy-makers and investment treaty negotiators will also find its insights useful.

This Commentary offers an article-by-article examination of the United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation (the Singapore Convention), as well as insights into the negotiation process through which the Convention was developed. It provides deep theoretical and practical analysis of the Convention and its consequences for the promotion of mediation as a mechanism to solve commercial conflicts with a cross-border character. Key Features: A comparative approach with perspectives from five continents and a variety of legal traditions Critical discussion of every stage from the negotiation to the conclusion of the Convention Sound proposals for the Convention's implementation and application by States and regional organisations Contributions from a diverse group of practitioners and academics, including some who were part of the negotiation of the Singapore Convention The Commentary will be a crucial resource for practitioners, arbitrators and mediators involved in cross-border commercial disputes, as well as judges in this area. It will also be of interest to scholars working in international commercial law, arbitration and mediation.

After decades of focus on harmonization, which for too many represents no more than Western legal dominance and a largely homogeneous arbitration practitioner community, this ground-breaking book explores the increasing attention being paid to the need for greater diversity in the international arbitration ecosystem. It examines diversity in all its forms, investigating how best to develop an international arbitral order that is not just tolerant of diversity, but that sustains and promotes diversity in concert with harmonized practices. Offering a wide range of viewpoints from a diverse and inclusive group of authors, Diversity in International Arbitration is a comprehensive and insightful resource on a controversial, fast-moving subject. Chapters present arguments from practitioner, academic, institutional and governmental perspectives that identify the underlying issues and address the various ways in which the goal of diversity, whether demographic, legal, cultural, professional, linguistic, or philosophical, can be reached. This book's analysis of the contemporary state of diversity in international arbitration will be a crucial read for researchers in the field. Practitioners and policy makers will also find its discussion of best practices and innovative initiatives for enhancing diversity to be invaluable.

This timely book reconciles the competing objectives of intellectual property and international investment agreements. Throughout, Pratyush Nath Upreti examines the issues arising from recent intellectual property disputes in investment arbitration from the perspectives of national and international legal orders, providing a normative analysis to resolve the tension brought by intellectual property and investor-state dispute settlement interactions. The analysis that the book offers is not confined to the intellectual property regime; it takes a pragmatic approach in terms of substantial analysis by also exploring the international trade regime, investment law and arbitration to address the key challenges to intellectual property and investor-state dispute settlement interaction. The author also considers the emerging and potential transformation of international intellectual property law, putting more emphasis on the need to shelter its intrinsic value. This thought-provoking book will be a key point of reference for law scholars, practitioners, and students in both developing and developed countries who are interested in intellectual property, investment law, and arbitration. It is also an essential read for policy makers, government officers, and lawyers involved with trade and Investment agreement negotiations.

Arbitrators, unlike judges, are appointed by parties to resolve their transactional disputes. Because of such contractual appointment, arbitrators gain their authority from the parties, and thus must apply the law chosen by the parties to the dispute before them. However, there are overriding mandatory laws of other jurisdictions, that due to their imperative character may claim application to the dispute. The arbitrator, as a private adjudicator, has a duty to resolve a potential conflict that may arise between the law chosen by the parties and another mandatory law(s) that claims application and is not chosen by the parties. Overriding Mandatory Rules in International Commercial Arbitration discusses the applicability of mandatory rules of law in international commercial arbitration and addresses the concerns of the arbitrators and judges at various stages of arbitration and the recognition and enforcement of the award respectively. Legal scholars researching the law applicable in international commercial arbitration will find the answers they require within these pages, as will students. It will also prove helpful to practitioners, including arbitrators, judges and attorneys, as they deal with mandatory rules in practice.

This comprehensive book provides a complete overview of the international legal system of foreign investment protection. Proposing a simple, practical approach, it examines the problems one might face when studying or practising international investment law, including those arising from contemporary changes and controversies. In this incisive book, Arnaud de Nanteuil synthesises material from treaties, general international law, contracts and case law to demonstrate a coherent system of investment protection, rather than simply describing the law as it currently stands. Through this systematic approach, the book considers all aspects of the discipline, examining its history, the content of the law, investment arbitration, and its relationship with other areas of international law such as human rights, the environment and EU law. It also discusses answers to questions that remain open in current case law. Providing a thorough and accessible analysis, this book will be invaluable to both students and academics working in the field of international investment law, as well as practitioners who will appreciate its pragmatic style. Government officials and those working for international organisations in this area will also find its discussion of the possible future evolution of the law insightful.

This indispensable book offers a concise comparative introduction to international commercial arbitration. With reference to recent case law from leading jurisdictions and up-to-date rules revisions, International Commercial Arbitration provides a comparative analysis of the issues raised in arbitration, from the time of drafting of the arbitration clause to the rendering of the arbitral award and the post-award stage. Combining perspectives from both practice and academia, Franco Ferrari, Friedrich Rosenfeld and Consultant Editor John Fellas examine all the key points of international commercial arbitration. After introductory remarks on the applicable normative framework, the book covers arbitration agreements and their enforcement, the initiation of proceedings and the constitution of the tribunal, the taking of evidence, issues arising in complex arbitrations, as well as the award and the post-award regime. Scholars and students of international commercial arbitration across the globe will find this book invaluable for its comparative analysis. It will also be most useful for arbitration practitioners and judges interested in learning how jurisdictions differ in their approaches to arbitration proceedings.

In this book, senior judges and academics at the forefront of transnational commercial law in Asia, Australia, Europe, the US, and elsewhere, reflect on the implications of anti-globalism and the COVID-19 pandemic on international commercial dispute resolution (ICDR). The chapters consider: (1) What types of cross-border commercial disputes will arise in the future and what resources will be needed to respond to them in a cost-effective, time-efficient, and equitable manner? (2) Is there still merit in a multilateral approach to transnational commercial law and ICDR, despite the closing of borders, the rise of protectionism, and the disruption of global supply chains? (3) What reforms and innovations should courts, arbitrators, and mediators contemplate when navigating the post-pandemic landscape? (4) Can the accelerated use of remote technology in ICDR (as prompted by the pandemic) be leveraged to enhance access to justice for all? With a focus on the current crisis in globalism, as well as the associated problems of ensuring justice and fairness in the resolution of cross-border commercial and investment-state disputes along the Belt-and-Road and elsewhere, the book will be an invaluable resource for academics, judges and practitioners alike.

This illuminating book contributes to knowledge on the impact of Brexit on international commercial arbitration in the EU. Entering the fray at a critical watershed in the EU’s history, Chukwudi Ojiegbe turns to the interaction of court litigation and international commercial arbitration, offering crucial insights into the future of EU law in these fields. Ojiegbe reviews a plethora of key aspects of the law that will encounter the aftermath Brexit, focusing on the implications of the mutual trust principle and the consequences for the EU exclusive competence in aspects of international commercial arbitration. He explores the principles of anti-suit injunction and other mechanisms that may be deployed by national courts and arbitral tribunals to prevent parallel court and arbitration proceedings. Advancing academic debate on the EU arbitration/litigation interface, this book suggests innovative solutions to alleviate this longstanding and seemingly intractable issue. Arriving at a time of legal uncertainty, this book offers crucial guidance for policymakers and lawyers dealing with the interaction of court litigation and international commercial arbitration in the EU, as well as academics and researchers studying contemporary EU and commercial law.

The author of Third Party Funding in International Arbitration challenges the structural inconsistencies of the current practices of arbitration funding by arguing that third party funding should be a forum of justice, rather than a forum of profit. By looking at the premise, rather than the implication, the author presents the arcane areas of intersection between access to justice, as a foundational theory for third party funding, and the arbitration funding practice that lacks a unifying framework. The author introduces a new methodology with an alternative way of structuring third party funding to solve a set of practical problems generated by the risk of claim control by the funder. This book will be of interest to third party funders, arbitrators, lawyers, arbitral institutions, academics, and law students.

Investment Treaty Arbitration is an excellent teaching tool for lecturers and readers of international investment arbitration. This casebook includes over forty exercises based on real-life disputes, helping readers evaluate and analyze all aspects of the topic. Intended to set out a basis for discussion in seminars, the material has been developed by the eminent practitioner and academic Kaj Hober, using a teaching structure proven to be successful. Key features include: ? extensive examples of cases alongside seminar exercises and mini mock arbitrations to help students put their knowledge into practice material built on the problem-based learning method, using fact patterns and allowing for in-depth discussion and a confident understanding of complex arbitration cases? exercises including questions to answer, problems to solve and group exercises, alongside excerpts of the relevant cases for annotation and analysis. The most wide-ranging textbook in the area, covering both substantive investment law and arbitration, this will become the key casebook for Master?'s level courses or other advanced courses in international arbitration. It will also serve as a supplementary text for those studying investment law more broadly.

Is Private International Law (PIL) still fit to serve its function in today's global environment? In light of some calls for radical changes to its very foundations, this timely book investigates the ability of PIL to handle contemporary and international problems, and inspires genuine debate on the future of the field. Separated into nine parts, each containing two perspectives on a different issue or challenge, this unique book considers issues such as the certainty vs flexibility of laws, the notion of universal values, the scope of party autonomy, the emerging challenges of extraterritoriality and global governance issues in the context of PIL. Further topics include current developments in forum access, the recognition and enforcement of judgments, foreign law in domestic courts and PIL in international arbitration. This comprehensive work will be of great value to scholars and students working across all areas of PIL. It will also be an important touchstone for practitioners seeking to think creatively about their cases involving conflict of laws and PIL. Contributors include: V.R. Abou-Nigm, G.A. Bermann, A. Bonomi, R.A. Brand, D.P. Fernandez Arroyo, F. Ferrari, H.A. Grigera Naon, B. Hess, M. Lehmann, M. Mantovani, R. Michaels, Y. Nishitani, F. Ragno, M. Reimann, K. Roosevelt III, L.J. Silberman, S.C. Symeonides, L.E. Teitz, H. van Loon

This book presents a selection of the latest arbitration cases, materials, and commentaries from China. It aims to provide information on the theory and practice of arbitration combined. It is intended to provide readers with a useful resource to guide them when they encounter actual China-related arbitration cases. This book is a valuable resource for all practitioners concerned with international and foreign-related arbitration matters in China, global law firms, companies engaged in multinational business, jurists, and academics.

Investment treaties grant special international protection to foreign investors, and give them a means to enforce those rights against States in which they have invested. This book systematically examines the law of international investment treaties, particularly with respect to its origins, structure, content, and effects. Although the precise provisions of investment treaties are not uniform, virtually all investment treaties address the same issues. This book examines those issues in detail, including the scope of application, conditions for the entry of foreign investment, and general standards of treatment of foreign investments. Investment treaty law has continued to evolve rapidly and dramatically since publication of the second edition of this work in 2015. The field has seen considerable growth in the number and scope of investment treaties, now estimated at 3300, and investor-state arbitrations cases, which reached over 1000 in 2020. The field has also experienced significant changes and reforms. In 2018, eleven Pacific Basin Countries, despite the withdrawal of the United States, forged ahead to conclude the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTTP), a potentially far reaching regional trade and investment agreement. The next year, the three north American nations replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). And in 2020, European Union member states terminated over 100 intra-EU BITs, leaving intra-EU investors to rely on EU law and legal processes alone for protection from unfavourable government acts. This edition of The Law of Investment Treaties incorporates a consideration of all of these and other reforms into its analysis of the body of law created by investment treaties since World War II.

This book gathers contributions by twenty-five world-class practitioners, leading academics, adjudicators, and civil servants in the field of WTO litigation, investment arbitration, and commercial arbitration. It provides a practical cross-cutting analysis of the different dispute settlement mechanisms that exist in international trade and investment and offers valuable insights into how to use best practices among the three systems. The book addresses the critical areas of overlap that exist in the three disciplines, including:; management of parallel proceedings and role of politics and 'pressure points' within host governments; selection and appointment of arbitrators, panels and Appellate Body members; use of experts and economics; search of the applicable law; interpretation of the national treatment principle and other substantive standards and legal tests; methods of redressing 'moral damage'; regimes of review, appeals and annulment; enforcement systems of awards, implementation of WTO law and other legal remedies; and allocation of costs. In addition to being the first in-depth exploration of the interaction among WTO litigation, investment arbitration and international commercial arbitration, this book brings a singularly practical perspective to bear on the three dispute settlement mechanisms and how each can be used to best advantage.

International investment law is one of the most dynamic fields of international law, and yet it has been criticised for failing to strike a fair balance between private and public interests. In this valuable contribution to the current debate, Valentina Vadi examines the merits and pitfalls of arbitral tribunals? use of the concepts of proportionality and reasonableness to review the compatibility of a state?s regulatory actions with its obligations under international investment law. Investment law scholars have hitherto given greater attention to the concept of proportionality than to reasonableness; this pivotal book combats this trajectory by examining both concepts in such a way that it does not advocate one over the other, but instead enables the reader to make informed choices. The author also explores the intensity of review as one of the main tools to calibrate the different interests underlying investor-state arbitrations. This timely book offers a useful conceptual framework for reconciling the opposing interests at stake, making it a valuable resource for international law scholars and practitioners and other interested readers.

Most literature on international arbitration is practice-oriented, technical, and promotional. It is by arbitrators and largely for arbitrators and their clients. Outside analyses by non-participants are still very rare. This book boldly steps away from this tradition of scholarship to reflect analytically on international arbitration as a form of global governance. It thus contributes to a rapidly growing literature that describes the profound economic, legal, and political transformation in which key governance functions are increasingly exercised by a new constellation that include actors other than national public authorities. The book brings together leading scholars from law and the social sciences to assess and critically reflect on the significance and implications of international arbitration as a new locus of global private authority. The views predictably diverge. Some see the evolution of these private courts positively as a significant element of an emerging transnational private legal system that gradually evolves according to the needs of market actors without much state interference. Others fear that private courts allow transnational actors to circumvent state regulation and create an illegitimate judicial system that is driven by powerful transnational companies at the expense of collective public interests. Still others accept that these contrasting views serve as useful starting points of an analysis but are too simplistic to adequately understand the complex governance structures that international arbitration courts have been developing over the last two decades. In sum, this book offers a wide-ranging and up-to-date analytical overview of arguments in a vigorous nascent interdisciplinary debate about arbitration courts and their exercise of private governance power in the transnational realm. This debate is generating fascinating new insights into such central topics as legitimacy, constitutional order and justice beyond classical nation state institutions.

Lawyers involved in international commercial transactions know well that that unforeseen events affecting the performance of a party often arise. Not surprisingly, exemptions for non-performance are dealt with in a significant number of arbitral awards. This very useful book thoroughly analyzes contemporary approaches, particularly as manifested in case law, to the scope and content of the principles of exemption for non-performance which are commonly referred to as A force majeure A| and A hardship. A| The author shows that the A general principles of law A| approach addresses this concern most effectively. Generally accepted and understood by the business world at large, this approach encompasses principles of international commercial contracts derived from a variety of legal codes. Its most important A restatements A| are found in the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and two A soft law A| codifications of international commercial contract law: the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts and the European Principles of Contract Law (PECL).Establishing specific standards and A case groups A| for the exemptions under review, the analysis treats such recurring elements and claims as the following:A { impossibility of performance;A { frustration of contract;A { impracticability;A { interference by the other party;A { contractual risk allocations;A { unforeseeability of an impediment;A { third party responsibility;A { effect of mandatory rules;A { excluded rights;A { threshold tests; andA { irreconcilable differences. The book is a major contribution to the development of the use of general principles of law in international commercial arbitration. In addition, as an insightful investigation into the fundamental question of the borderlines of the principle of sanctity of contracts, this book is sure to capture the attention of business lawyers and interested academics everywhere.

Private international actors go to arbitration to avoid adjudicatory risks, especially the risk of bias. It follows that safeguarding procedural fairness is a key concern in arbitral processes, and that exposing actual bias is crucial. However, evidence from both case law and institutional statistics shows that wily parties are willing to abuse procedural fairness and cry bias as a way of delaying proceedings and escaping enforcement, and that the frequency of such spurious challenges is increasing. This insightful book offers a proposal, solidly grounded in legal principle and precedent, for how the arbitration community should respond to this threat. The author shows how 'dirty' challenge tactics are made viable primarily by the prevalence of a judicially derived test for bias which focuses on appearances, rather than facts. He argues that the most commonly used test of bias, the 'reasonable apprehension' test, makes it easy to allege a lack of impartiality and independence. He shows that the 'real danger' test, derived from the decision of the House of Lords in Gough, has a much higher threshold, and has the additional advantage of making the arbitral award stronger at the all-important enforcement stage. In the course of the presentation the book analyzes, in extraordinary depth, such issues as the following: - which state's courts are most likely to find arbitrator bias, and which state's courts are least likely; - applying the 'real danger' test under the various applicable conventions, the Model Law, and institutional rules; - bias challenges under European Human Rights law; - distinction between party-appointed arbitrators and chairmen in the context of a bias test; - relevant trends in investor-state and ICSID arbitration; and - bias rules in the lex mercatoria. In a broad comparative survey of the law of bias challenges in international commercial arbitration covering all leading states, the author examines various municipal laws to determine their tolerance for a 'real danger' clause in commercial contracts. His analysis, replete with case summaries and material facts, provides a strong scaffolding for his thesis, and also probes the causes of the increased rate of bias challenge. The need for a uniform test in this area is made very convincing by this original study. Arbitrators and other interested professionals and academics will find it of unusual value and interest, and corporate counsel will find much to consider in the use of the 'real danger' clause.