This book is aimed at those with responsibilities for audit, risk and control - auditors of course - but also finance directors, audit committee members, project accountants, systems designers and other professionals too. Working under pressure, these people often need to take account of theory and best practice but strike a balance with the practical demands of their workplace. This book's practical emphasis on meeting the ever-changing needs of clients and auditees will benefit a wide audience by helping readers to: c select a suitable, practical sampling approach c appreciate the statistical implications c evaluate the results of audit testing c take account of risk and control evaluation in targeting valuable audit resources. It does this by laying out the principles behind a concept and then grounding them in 'real life' cases for the reader to work through. These are accompanied by suggested solutions which, while not definitive answers, do provide valuable advice and guidance. Finally the range of appendices, including a complete copy of the statement of auditing standards, SAS 430, make this book an essential resource for everyone concerned about modern auditing.

This book provides a concise overview of the current context and types of public sector audit and the varied structures within which public sector audit is practised across the world. It summarises the objectives of public sector audit as well as explores the role of the International Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions in providing guidance to these. Drawing on public and private sector audit as well as the views of academics and practitioners on public sector audit, it provides a unique research-based guide to the current issues and future challenges in the field.

This book focuses on the impact of the disclosure of non-financial risk, which could be seen as the most relevant non-financial information (NFI), in the aftermath of the 2014/95/EU Directive. The author analyses whether the switch from voluntary to mandatory NFI enhance the quality of disclosed NF risk-related information and the usefulness of the risk disclosure for investors. The book focuses specifically on the mandatory disclosure of non-financial (NF) risks as required by the EU Directive for listed Italian companies, investigating both the state of art of its disclosure and its usefulness for investors. In doing so, the book contributes to fill two relevant gaps in risk literature. The first research gap is related to the insufficient investigation of the disclosure of NF risks. Companies mandated to disclose risk-related information focused mainly on financial risks, in spite of the width of the definition of risk, conceived as information about any opportunity, danger, threat, or exposure that has or could impact the company in the future. The second gap is that empirical evidence about the effects of corporate risk disclosures is still limited, and the potential benefits of the disclosure of information on risks have not been fully explored. In particular, the relationship between risk disclosures and firm value is under researched, as the risk literature mainly focuses on the incentives question, related to the motives for which companies decide to disclose. The research in this book focuses on Italy, a country that provides a unique opportunity to examine the impact of mandatory NF risk disclosure on firm market value, being one of the biggest industrial European countries that had not mandatory legislation for NFI disclosure, and also one of the leading countries in voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting at an international level. It has been carried out in the fiscal year 2017, the first year of the application of the mandatory NF disclosure for obliged Italian listed PIEs. The book contributes both to the measurement literature, as it presents a self-constructed quality NF risks and to the value relevance analysis literature, providing evidence of the usefulness of financial and non-financial risk-related disclosures in the Italian context.

Boards and business leaders expect their key advisors to deliver fresh insights, and increasingly expect them to demonstrate foresight. To achieve what is expected, it is crucial to understand the dynamics of conversations in the boardroom and around the audit committee table. This book provides those unique perspectives. The journey from the 'mailroom to the boardroom' follows the story of a young banker who moved into the internal auditing profession as part of the 'new breed', then rose through the ranks into senior leadership and chief audit executive roles, before assuming audit committee and board roles that had an immense influence on governance, risk, compliance, and audit professionals. Success does not always follow a smooth and uneventful trajectory, and this story reflects insights from both the ups and the downs of the journey. Each chapter shares insights, better practices, case studies, practical examples, and real-life challenges and draws them together into 101 building blocks, each one providing crucial career-long learnings. The storytelling provides insights to people at all levels on the importance of positioning oneself to step into leadership roles, helps them understand how to evaluate and pursue potential career growth opportunities, provides tips on how to holistically manage and advance their career, and inspires higher-level thinking that enhances governance, risk, compliance and audit practices.

The purpose of this book is to set out the basic principles and conceptual issues of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

The Routledge Companion to Accounting History presents a single-volume synthesis of research in this expanding field, exploring and analysing accounting from ancient civilisations to the modern day. No longer perceived as the narrow study of how a mysterious technique was used in past, the scope of accounting history has widened substantially. This revised and updated volume moves beyond the history of accounting technologies, accounting theories and practices and the accountants who applied them. Expert contributors from around the world explore the interfaces between accounting and the economy, society, culture and the polity. Accounting history is shown to offer important insights into such disparate phenomena as the evolution of capitalism, control of labour, gender and family relationships, racial exploitation, the operation of religious organisations, and the functioning of the state. Illuminating the foundation and development of accounting systems, this updated, classic book opens the field to a new generation of accounting scholars and historians around the world.

There are linkages, ramifications, conditions, and demands made by the global economy on domestic as well as multinational firms--and executives must be aware of all of them. One way is through the medium of accounting information and the special way it reflects the realities of international business. Providing this crucial information is the task of accounting executives and their staffs worldwide. Dr. Riahi-Belkaoui sees it as a distinctly new type of information that applies to external and international users of all kinds, operating in different nations and cultures. He identifies the various issues and problems that are most critical to the efficient management of multinational firms, provides practical solutions to international accounting problems, and with his focus on normative as well as descriptive solutions, helps confer on international accounting the status of a legitimate multidisciplinary inquiry.

Dr. Riahi-Belkaoui begins by outlining environmental factors in the global economy and their affect on the definition, dimensions, and conduct of international accounting. He deals next with the international issues of taxation philosophies, types, systems, treaties, havens, and other relevant matters, before moving to the problems of determining and estimating exchange rates and the management of economic exposure. He elaborates on this in Chapter 4 with discussions of international arbitrage, then moves to the problems facing multinational firms when they decide on a choice of organizational structure and attempt to evaluate decisional performance. Chapter 6 addresses the use and misuse of accounting information for various purposes, Chapter 7, the specifics of capital budgeting. He then looks at the accounting and tax issues involved in the determination of transfer prices by multinational firms, and next at the accounting treatments associated with foreign currency translation, transactions, and futures contracts. Chapter 10 concludes the book with an examination of the various asset valuation and income determination models available for dealing with international inflation.

The Routledge Companion to Banking Regulation and Reform provides a prestigious cutting edge international reference work offering students, researchers and policy makers a comprehensive guide to the paradigm shift in banking studies since the historic financial crisis in 2007. The transformation in banking over the last two decades has not been authoritatively and critically analysed by the mainstream academic literature. This unique collection brings together a multi-disciplinary group of leading authorities in the field to analyse and investigate post-crisis regulation and reform. Representing the wide spectrum of non-mainstream economics and finance, topics range widely from financial innovation to misconduct in banking, varieties of Eurozone banking to reforming dysfunctional global banking as well as topical issues such as off-shore financial centres, Libor fixing, corporate governance and the Dodd-Frank Act. Bringing together an authoritative range of international experts and perspectives, this invaluable body of heterodox research work provides a comprehensive compendium for researchers and academics of banking and finance as well as regulators and policy makers concerned with the global impact of financial institutions.

IT governance seems to be one of the best strategies to optimize IT assets in an economic context dominated by information, innovation, and the race for performance. The multiplication of internal and external data and increased digital management, collaboration, and sharing platforms exposes organizations to ever-growing risks. Understanding the threats, assessing the risks, adapting the organization, selecting and implementing the appropriate controls, and implementing a management system are the activities required to establish proactive security governance that will provide management and customers the assurance of an effective mechanism to manage risks. IT Governance and Information Security: Guides, Standards, and Frameworks is a fundamental resource to discover IT governance and information security. This book focuses on the guides, standards, and maturity frameworks for adopting an efficient IT governance and information security strategy in the organization. It describes numerous case studies from an international perspective and brings together industry standards and research from scientific databases. In this way, this book clearly illustrates the issues, problems, and trends related to the topic while promoting the international perspectives of readers. This book offers comprehensive coverage of the essential topics, including: IT governance guides and practices; IT service management as a key pillar for IT governance; Cloud computing as a key pillar for Agile IT governance; Information security governance and maturity frameworks. In this new book, the authors share their experience to help you navigate today's dangerous information security terrain and take proactive steps to measure your company's IT governance and information security maturity and prepare your organization to survive, thrive, and keep your data safe. It aspires to provide a relevant reference for executive managers, CISOs, cybersecurity professionals, engineers, and researchers interested in exploring and implementing efficient IT governance and information security strategies.

The Course Book provides all the knowledge required in a user friendly format with easy navigation. It is specifically designed to make your studies as effective and efficient as possible throughout.

"A much-needed service for society today. I hope this book reaches information managers in the organization now vulnerable to hacks that are stealing corporate information and even holding it hostage for ransom." - Ronald W. Hull, author, poet, and former professor and university administrator A comprehensive entity security program deploys information asset protection through stratified technological and non-technological controls. Controls are necessary for counteracting threats, opportunities, and vulnerabilities risks in a manner that reduces potential adverse effects to defined, acceptable levels. This book presents a methodological approach in the context of normative decision theory constructs and concepts with appropriate reference to standards and the respective guidelines. Normative decision theory attempts to establish a rational framework for choosing between alternative courses of action when the outcomes resulting from the selection are uncertain. Through the methodological application, decision theory techniques can provide objectives determination, interaction assessments, performance estimates, and organizational analysis. A normative model prescribes what should exist according to an assumption or rule.

The Future of Auditing provides a concise overview of the function of auditing and the future challenges it faces, underpinned with suggestions for future research. It evaluates the key challenges facing the profession, such as quality, competition, and governance, as well as highlighting the under-explored areas of ethics, fraud, and judgement. The emphasis throughout is on the value of audit, and the importance of auditing research. Providing an original assessment of global versus national auditing, evidence-based auditing standards, and the structure of professional firms, David Hay critically examines the value of auditing from different standpoints. He critically reviews current assumptions about the value of audits of financial statements, and explores research opportunities and priorities to improve understanding of the value of auditing and its future role and function. This authoritative but accessible guide to the future of auditing and the challenges it faces will be useful not only to auditing researchers, but also to policy makers, standard setters, financial journalists, and auditing professionals seeking an accessible overview of current and future issues in auditing.

Operational Auditing: Principles and Techniques for a Changing World, 2nd edition, explains the proven approaches and essential procedures to perform risk-based operational audits. It shows how to effectively evaluate the relevant dynamics associated with programs and processes, including operational, strategic, technological, financial and compliance objectives and risks. This book merges traditional internal audit concepts and practices with contemporary quality control methodologies, tips, tools and techniques. It explains how internal auditors can perform operational audits that result in meaningful findings and useful recommendations to help organizations meet objectives and improve the perception of internal auditors as high-value contributors, appropriate change agents and trusted advisors. The 2nd edition introduces or expands the previous coverage of: * Control self-assessments. * The 7 Es framework for operational quality. * Linkages to ISO 9000. * Flowcharting techniques and value-stream analysis * Continuous monitoring. * The use of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and Key Risk Indicators (KRIs). * Robotic process automation (RPA), artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML); and * Adds a new chapter that will examine the role of organizational structure and its impact on effective communications, task allocation, coordination, and operational resiliency to more effectively respond to market demands.

There is considerable national variation in the professionalization and status of the management accountant. Although researchers from different countries have contributed to our knowledge about tasks and roles, we have limited insights into the development, education, and socio-cultural influences in different countries and surprisingly little is known about the local and national contexts in which these roles are learned and performed. This book bridges this research gap using two complementary perspectives. The first part explores management accountants in a range of different national contexts, providing information about country-specific historical developments and educational standards as well as specific roles and tasks. The second part focusses on important global developments that will increasingly impact management accountants in the future, such as sustainability, the financial crisis, technology and changing roles. By combining local context with a global overview, this insightful volume provides an agenda for future research which will be of great interest to scholars and advanced students in management accounting throughout the world.

Artificial Intelligence in Accounting: Practical Applications was written with a simple goal: to provide accountants with a foundational understanding of AI and its many business and accounting applications. It is meant to serve as a guide for identifying opportunities to implement AI initiatives to increase productivity and profitability. This book will help you answer questions about what AI is and how it is used in the accounting profession today. Offering practical guidance that you can leverage for your organization, this book provides an overview of essential AI concepts and technologies that accountants should know, such as machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing. It also describes accounting-specific applications of robotic process automation and text mining. Illustrated with case studies and interviews with representatives from global professional services firms, this concise volume makes a significant contribution to examining the intersection of AI and the accounting profession. This innovative book also explores the challenges and ethical considerations of AI. It will be of great interest to accounting practitioners, researchers, educators, and students.

This book is the first comprehensive methodological guide for accounting researchers on Interventionist Research (IVR). It provides all the fundamental components needed for understanding what IVR is, and how to plan, design, and conduct legitimate intervention studies, which can endure the scrutiny of institutions and peer review. This text systematically opens the 'black box' of an alternative research paradigm seeking to contribute simultaneously to theory and practice, through direct and collaborative engagement with organisations, practitioners, managers and professionals. It mobilises the production of innovative and theoretically grounded research for academe, and of practical relevance or usefulness and interest to the field of practice. Interventionist Research in Accounting: A Methodological Approach unpacks current thinking on IVR to forge a confident path ahead for IVR through adopting a forward-thinking approach. This book recognises the remedial potential of IVR to address the research-practice-relevance gap in accounting research and deliberates the challenges of IVR in accounting. It addresses the design, development, and implementation of interventions, critical to solving real-world problems as well as guiding readers in planning the IVR project including budgetary and ethical aspects, utilising suitable research methods and data collection techniques, and establishing validity and reliability. Further, it offers guidance on selecting and managing the research team and recruiting, accessing, and retaining intervention participants; these two components are crucial to creating collaborative relationships required for effective intervention. This book is a guide serving as a valuable resource for accounting researchers conducting intervention studies, for doctoral and other research students undertaking accounting research, and academics working in universities and business schools or teaching courses in accounting and research methodology.

This book is the first in the management accounting framework literature to provide readers with insights on how to manage revenue and profit models by developing relationships with customers. The Principal Editor, Professor Kenichi Suzuki, is the founding father of Fixed Revenue Accounting (FRA) and his inputs offer invaluable insights on how businesses can increase revenue and adopt preventative measures to deal with the fluctuations in the economy.FRA is a new management accounting tool that evaluates and manages the impacts of fixed customers on a company's financial health. 'Fixed customers' refer to frequent or regular customers who are expected to repeat their purchases. Their repeated purchases produce stability of revenue which in turn creates a stable profit environment and certainty. The profitability and stability generated by fixed customers can be utilized for strategic management, planning, and decision making to encourage investment for future growth.This book provides a deep understanding of the usefulness of the new management accounting tool, and covers both the introduction of the concept of FRA and accompanying case studies in the contexts of Japanese manufacturing and service companies adopting the FRA model by examining profitability, stability, and growth analysis.

In organizations, accounting produces organizational knowledge that affects decision-making and managerial action. Companies placing importance on shareholder value sometimes tend to elevate accounting to a higher truth criterion for justifying managerial actions. Yet, the nature of accounting renders it difficult to argue that accounting information necessarily produce a better basis for decision-making than arguments which are not based on accounting. This is because, as previous research has also argued, accounting counts some things but omits many others, while managers are accountable for much more than what accounting actually counts. Using a theoretical apparatus from Deleuze and Guattari, this book illustrates that accounting-based actions such as making management decisions, maintaining organisational responsibility and hierarchical control are manifestations of the ways in which accounting is composed. This concise introduction will be invaluable for researchers and advanced students of management accounting exploring responsibility accounting and accountability.

This latest volume of Review of Marketing Research, Marketing Accountability for Marketing and Non-Marketing Outcomes is divided in three parts: (1) measures of firm performance, (2) measures of social interaction, and (3) measures related to broader societal outcomes such as sustainability and quality of life. Measures of firm performance covered include the marketing implications of financial accounting, customer feedback metrics, drivers of brand equity, brand failure, market orientation capabilities, and multichannel attributions. Measures of social interaction encompass environmental and social performance, social networks, and attitudinal word-of-mouth drivers. The final chapter is devoted to measures related to societal outcomes and focuses on attractiveness of inner city for society. Each chapter presents thought-provoking discussions and new insights which will be relevant to researchers, professionals and students of marketing, branding and consumer behaviour

Welcome to the eight edition of Fundamentals of Cost and Management Accounting (FCMA).

The authors are once again very pleased to deliver a book of exceptional quality and insight that speaks to the heart of every South African student.

This book has always had the interests of those learning about business and finance in mind and this edition is no exception to that.

Since the mid-1990s risk management has undergone a dramatic expansion in its reach and significance, being transformed from an aspect of management control to become a benchmark of good governance for banks, hospitals, schools, charities and many other organizations. Numerous standards for risk management practice have been produced by a variety of transnational organizations. While these many designs and blueprints are accompanied by ideals of enterprise, value production, and good governance, it is argued that the rise of risk management has also coincided with an intensification of auditing and control processes. The legalization and bureacratization of organizational life has increased because risk management has created new demands for proof and evidence of action. In turn, these demands have generated new risks to reputation.
In short, this important book traces the rise of the managerial concept of risk and the different logics and values which underpin it, showing that it has much less to do with real dangers and opportunities than might be thought, and more to do with organizational accountability and legitimacy.

Thomas S. Konrad analyzes the management control design and reveals critical success factors of strategically oriented public-private partnerships for development between international governmental actors and the private sector. He builds a sound basis for the identification of a research gap and the derivation of research questions. The results generate sufficient evidence to answer these questions and therefore to close the identified research gap. Finally, he excelled in the discussion of the results by making a contribution of theory and by providing substantive recommendations to practitioners equally well.