Although each of the pieces included in this collection has been cited as an outstanding contribution to the literature on the subject, they are not available in most libraries. Each of them is a classic on the theory of double-entry bookkeeping. Of the nine articles reprinted in this volume originally published in 1984, those by Ladelle, Hotelling and Anton are recognized as being the classic articles on the depreciation of a single 'machine'. Each of these articles was published in a journal that is often not accessible and reprinted here has brought them together in one place. For many years accountants have dealt with depreciation and capital maintenance as a static problem. This volume recognizes its dynamic aspects.

The articles and papers reprinted in this volume, all written after 1970, represent a departure from the earlier conventional notion of accounting history research. They approach the study of management accounting history by regarding the accounting and business records of actual organizations as indispensable source materials for historical analysis. Analysis of these records has yielded a new conception of management accounting. These studies suggest that the forces contributing to management accounting's development are more numerous and complex than historians had realized. The case studies in the first part of the book trace the historical development of virtually all the internal accounting practices associated today with management accounting. Those in the second section consist of articles which interpret the case material.

This bibliography presents a review of trends in management accounting research and a classified annotated listing of over 600 works in the area. It is intended to help the accounting researcher or student who wishes to review the development of the literature in management accounting over many years. The book traces this development from 1926 to 1982 through the primary academic journals. This review has focussed on accounting literature and includes only those works from outside the accounting literature that were seminal in defining and introducing a research area, and were frequently referenced in the accounting literature.

This book explores the relevance of management accounting research and practice for a range of broader, societal phenomena related to corporate governance and regulation, the creation and maintenance of markets and their concomitant social and political implications. It also explores the theoretical and methodological implications of pursuing a research agenda exploring such phenomena in greater detail. Containing a number of theoretical, methodological and empirical contributions by leading management accounting scholars, The Societal Relevance of Management Accounting seeks to advance novel research approaches that go beyond the traditional intra-organisational focus that has long dominated management accounting research. As such, it seeks to enhance the relevance of management accounting research for a broader range of stakeholders and interest groups in and around individual organisations. This book was originally published as a special issue of Accounting and Business Research.

The need for assurance is never more acute than in times of turbulence and uncertainty. The events following the financial market crisis demonstrate the catastrophic consequence of risk taking that exceeds the board's appetite, and of not joining up risk intelligence for sound decision making. Boards and senior management alike consistently seek the 'one truth' about risk exposures and strength of controls but are continuing to grapple with the challenge. Much has been written about assurance and the governance of risks, but mainly by those who provide it - such as internal auditors, accountants and information security technologists - for the purpose of advancing their professional practices. Less is written for or by those in governance who need assurance for the effective discharge of their responsibilities. Regulations do not usually go beyond acknowledging its importance and rely on those in the boardroom to get it right. Studies have consistently shown the link between weak corporate governance and corporate failures. The lack of reliable assurance has often been a factor. Assurance, as an integral part of corporate governance, cannot be taken for granted. It requires conscious action across the organisation. It is time to rethink assurance beyond its usual functional boundaries, to focus on what matters to the business and how discussions in the board room can be better supported by more joined up assurance. This book provides practical guidance for those who need that support as well as those who deliver assurance.

Most frauds perpetrated by senior managers take longer to uncover than those by other occupational groups and they steal more. This is a serious problem world-wide. Currently the Red Flag approach is used by auditors to prevent and uncover fraud and in some countries it is statutory. However, the existing approach does not catch managerial fraudsters quickly or very often. In Managerial Fraud, Dr Terry Sheridan reports the findings of her study of fraudulent executives. Her work illuminates the particular methods fraudsters employ to appear more authentic than the average person and reveals two types of executive fraudster with very different behaviours. All this helps to explain why the current Red Flag approach fails to identify potential fraudsters and instead tends to focus on Red Flag executives who are negative characters, but non-fraudulent and accounts for the problem auditors face, who see Red Flag indicators and are obliged to conduct further audits, yet find nothing of substance. During the author's research, the innocent colleagues who worked closely with fraudulent managers have for the first time been interviewed about their experiences and had their impressions analysed, leading to the development of an innovative typology of fraudulent executives based on Impression Management Theory. Better understanding of what Dr Sheridan has uncovered might result in organisations being able to reduce their exposure to fraud perpetrated by their own senior management.

Auditing has been a subject of some controversy, and there have been repeated attempts at reforming its practice globally. This comprehensive companion surveys the state of the discipline, including emerging and cutting-edge trends. It covers the most important and controversial issues, including auditing ethics, auditor independence, social and environmental accounting as well as the future of the field. This handbook is vital reading for legislators, regulators, professionals, commentators, students and researchers involved with auditing and accounting. The collection will also prove an ideal starting place for researchers from other fields looking to break into this vital subject.

Traditional costing models for new systems and new buildings in industry, defence or government, have tended to focus on the costs of acquisition and implementation, with scant regard for the costs of running the system or decommissioning after use. The pressure to minimize expenditure and provide value for money from reduced resources means that complex projects have to encompass a wide range of often conflicting issues and interests. Systems Lifecycle Cost-Effectiveness shows how to manage the difficulties that can arise. Optimizing the system lifecycle cost-effectiveness is complex and influenced by many factors. Massimo Pica presents a variety of models for calculating cost, benefits and risk in projects, and explains how the human factors associated with a system's design and consequent value are as important as the technical costs associated with its construction or creation. This comprehensive text can be used by students, experienced system engineers, cost analysts and managers to improve their understanding of the wide range of issues involved in the evaluation of system life cycle cost-effectiveness.

The fourteen papers in this volume, both unpublished and originally published between 1981 and 1990 offer a comprehensive selection of G. H. Lawson's work and discuss the following: assessing economic performance ownership value creation pricing of non-competitive government contracts valuation of a business measurement of corporate performance according to cash flow.

This compilation concerns account books, not books on accounting. Most of the essays analyse the account book(s) of a single person or business. In each case the account book(s) demonstrate the presence of, at least, elements of double entry. The essays come in pairs, beginning with Geoffrey Lee's paper on Florentine bank ledger fragments of 1211, some of the earliest relics of Italian bookkeeping. Subsequent papers trace the development of double entry over the centuries until 1786 when full double entry was achieved. There are papers from the UK and USA which illustrate the use of balance sheets, valuation techniques and the accruals convention as well as papers which analyse the causes of the development of double entry, using the evidence of others.

Although each of the pieces included in this collection has been cited as an outstanding contribution to the literature on the subject, they are not available in most libraries. Each of them is a classic on the theory of double-entry bookkeeping. Of the nine articles reprinted in this volume originally published in 1984, those by Ladelle, Hotelling and Anton are recognized as being the classic articles on the depreciation of a single 'machine'. Each of these articles was published in a journal that is often not accessible and reprinted here has brought them together in one place. For many years accountants have dealt with depreciation and capital maintenance as a static problem. This volume recognizes its dynamic aspects.

Although there has been increased emphasis on research that attempts to understand, evaluate and improve audit decision making in recent years it is less well-known that some noteworthy contributions to the study of audit judgment were made in the 1950s and 1960s. This anthology contains five such contributions which in the mid 1980s were previously unpublished, out of print or not widely appreciated. The volume discusses: the importance of studying audit judgment actual studies of audit judgment techniques for quantifying the evaluation of internal controls.

The field of Corporate Finance has developed into a fairly complex one from its origins focussed on a company's business and financial needs (financing, risk management, capitalization and budgeting). Corporate Financial Strategy provides a critical introduction to the field and in doing so shows how organizations' financial strategies can be aligned with their overall business strategies. Retaining the popular fundamentals of previous editions, the new edition brings things up to date with an array of new examples and cases, new pedagogical features such as learning objectives and suggested further reading, and includes new material on mergers and acquisitions, and valuations and forecasting. Unlike other textbooks, Ruth Bender writes from the perspective of the firm rather than the investor. Combined with a structure driven by issues, the result is a textbook which is perfectly suited to those studying corporate finance and financial strategy at advanced undergraduate, postgraduate and executive education levels.

Willard J. Graham (1897-1966) was an important contributor to both accounting thought and education and he pioneered life-long education for executive business that is still emulated today. This volume collects 25 of his key writings which shed light on his contributions to management accounting and business education as well as the accounting profession.

This book sheds light on the nature of the late nineteenth century audit by reference to the views expressed in 26 legal cases. The treatment of late nineteenth century legal issues which might appear somewhat unbalanced, viewed from today's stand-point, is shown to be more even handed when seen against the back ground of a vigorous contemporary debate concerning all aspects of the auditors' duties. This text therefore informs readers of the full breadth of the debate, and discusses a range of issues which may since have been overlooked, such as the Kingston Cotton Mill case, 1895, normally referred to only in the context of stock valuation but which also had a great deal to say about the appropriate method for valuing fixed assets.

In The Failure and the Future of Accounting, David Hatherly rethinks accounting in the light of a financial crisis which exposed its limitations. He reminds us that in the run up to 2008 the accounts of financial institutions reported increasing profits and healthy balance sheets whilst their business models were undermining their own financial health and the economy. Accounts failed to provide appropriate feedback on business performance. This failure illustrated a general problem. There is a need in all companies for better alignment between the business model and the accounting model. To understand the performance of the business we need to know how much value is created and how value is created, who it is created for, what kind of value is created and how it is measured. Here, Professor Hatherly provides an accounting model that addresses all these questions. Coordinating business as strategy, business as a stakeholder network and business as value, the four slice (4S) accounting model overcomes the complexity and incoherence of existing accounting standards. It allows managers and shareholders to analyse the effectiveness of the business model and for management to be held to account. It prevents the misreporting of speculative gains as distributable income and therefore allows capital to be better allocated towards productive enterprise, making financial crises less likely. With its insights into both accounting and business more generally, this book is essential reading for accountants and accountancy students and for those running businesses of any description.

Over the last two decades, cost management has been an area of dynamic change and development. This is evident in the extensive inventory of new, high-profile techniques that have emerged.

With cost management now firmly established as a distinct sub-discipline within management accounting, The Routledge Companion to Cost Management is a timely reference volume covering both practical developments and research in this area. Topics covered include:

• Input cost management
• Product design
• Cost analysis and decision making
• Cost management systems
• Lessons for cost management

With chapters from an international team of contributors, this prestigious companion will prove an indispensible addition to any library with aspirations to keeping up-to-date with the world of accounting.

Fraud: The Counter Fraud Practitioner's Handbook looks at fraud investigation methods and explores the practical options for preventing and remedying fraud. An effective fraud and financial crime strategy involves intelligence and prevention, criminal and civil legal procedures, and asset recovery, all of which may involve investigators, internal auditors, security managers, in-house and external legal counsel and advisors. Your strategy depends on the outcomes you are seeking, the nature of the fraud or crime committed and the countries involved. Fraud provides a clear picture of the role of compliance, civil and criminal legal process in any fraud strategy. Chapters then cover investigation strategies for each of the following types of fraud: benefit, health, procurement, employee, telecoms, fiscal, corporate, charity, legal and accounting. Part Three explores the practical options for fraud prevention and remediation, including both civil and criminal asset recovery. This is an essential reference for both public and private sector fraud and security specialists who need to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each element of their organization's strategy against fraud and are seeking to learn from the approach of their colleagues in other industries or organizations. Written by and for practitioners, it is a handbook that deals with the knowledge, detail and the craft that underpins all effective anti-fraud work.

This book goes beyond traditional financial institutions textbooks, which tend to focus on mathematical models for risk management and the technical aspects of measuring and managing risk. It focuses on the role of financial institutions in promoting social and economic goals for the communities in which they operate for the greater good, while also meeting financial and competitive challenges, and managing risks. Cooperman divides the text into seven easily teachable modules that examine the real issues and challenges that managers of financial institutions face. These include the transformative changes presented by social unrest, climate change and resource challenges, as well as the changes in how financial institutions operate in light of the opportunities that rapid innovations and disruptive technologies offer. The book features: Up-to-date coverage of new regulations affecting financial institutions, such as Dodd Frank and new SEC regulations. Material on project financing and new forms of financing, including crowd funding and new methods of payment for financial institutions. New sustainable finance models and strategies that incorporate environmental, social, and corporate governance considerations. A new chapter on sustainable financial institutions, social activism, the greening of finance, and socially responsible investing. Practical cases focusing on sustainability give readers insight into the socioeconomic risks associated with climate change. Streamlined and accessible, Managing Financial Institutions will appeal to students of financial institutions and markets, risk management, and banking. A companion website, featuring PowerPoint slides, an Instructor's Manual, and additional cases, is also available.

PPP/PFI contracts often share a number of features: they run over a very long period of time; they are conceived without a complete understanding of how requirements may change and despite the rhetoric they tend to create a context where dispute and litigation rather than partnership are the norm. In this environment, effective auditing is essential to ensure that projects are delivering what the end-user requires. Audits are both a public sector right, and a matter of good management sense. Performance Auditing of Public Sector Property Contracts is a practical guide to performance auditing for public sector property managers with a series of guidelines for auditors of public sector property contracts. The book concentrates on Facilities Management contracts. Lori Keating explains the basis for the process; how to retain balance, independence and rigour and how to audit intangible performance measures and other tricky areas. The book follows an audit process from commencement to conclusion, and contains a discussion of factors that contribute to the success of any audit. It is essential reading for public sector auditors, PPP project managers and contractors.

Increasingly, employees of regulatory bodies, law enforcement agencies and others who are not trained forensic accountants or experienced investigators find themselves responsible for conducting what amount to financial investigations. An engineer who oversees the cleanup of a toxic waste site might need to track down the former owners of the site to find the polluter. Perhaps the applicable licensing agency receives a complaint that an attorney mishandled a client's money. Maybe it's the attorney who needs help finding the assets with which a client's former spouse has absconded. Training in investigation techniques tends to be very limited for many employees. Training on how to find information without incurring significant expense is virtually nonexistent. This book helps fill the void. An Introduction to Internet-Based Financial Investigations will help anyone who conducts financial investigations as part of their job to reduce their dependence on trial and error by showing them where and how to look. Using clear sections describing how to approach an investigation, including the ethical perspective; what to look for and what you find; what free and low cost internet resources are available to support investigations; and how to assemble and present the results of investigations, Kimberly Goetz guides students and beginning investigators through the complex world of financial investigations.

Accountable Marketing is designed to be the definitive volume on the emerging role of accountability and performance metrics in marketing. Sponsored and developed by the Marketing Accountability Standards Board (MASB), it provides a multi-disciplinary, international perspective on this topic of critical importance. Stewart and Gugel have curated the work of several leading marketing, finance and accounting professionals and academics on the topics of marketing accountability and financial reporting to create a volume that represents the best of MASB's work over the last few years. The book not only emphasizes the importance of accountability in the marketing function, but also creates a dialogue among academics and practitioners about the importance of marketing in driving consistent growth in the organization, and the ways in which improved methods for measuring and forecasting contribute to the effectiveness of these marketing activities. This book marks the first-ever reference point for practicing professionals, faculty and students interested in marketing accountability, the development of standards for marketing reporting, and developing stronger linkages between marketing activities and outcomes, and the financial performance of the firm.

So long as there are weaknesses that can be exploited for gain, companies, other organizations and private individuals will be taken advantage of. This theoretically-based but hugely practical book focuses on what is generally seen as financial or economic crime: theft, fraud, manipulation, and corruption. Petter Gottschalk considers how, in some competitive environments, goals can 'legitimise' all kinds of means, and how culture can exert a role in relation to what is seen as acceptable or unacceptable behaviour by individuals. In Investigation and Prevention of Financial Crime he addresses important topics including organized crime, money laundering, cyber crime, corruption in law enforcement agencies, and whistleblowing, and provides expert advice about strategies for the use of intelligence to combat financial crime. The uniqueness of his approach to the subject lies in the way he is able to explain intelligence and intelligence processes in the wider context of knowledge and knowledge management. The numerous case studies throughout the book illustrate the 'policing' of financial crime from an intelligence, knowledge management and systems perspective. Law enforcers, lawyers, security personnel, consultants and investigators, as well as those in auditing and accountancy and with responsibilities for containing risk in banks, other financial institutions and in businesses generally, will find this an invaluable source of practical guidance. The book will also be of interest to advanced students and researchers in criminology and police science.

At a time when unacceptable risk taking is rightly condemned, how can organizations still benefit from the upside of risk? Can risk still be good? Written by an author who has managed risk, teaches about risk, but most importantly of all has researched the theory of risk, this book will help senior executives dial up the right level of risk within their organizations in order to enhance performance. There are many risk management techniques that are known to work and risk management has logged many successes, but that doesn't mean managers understand why they work, how and why risks arise, and how organizations can be shaped strategically to optimize the benefits of well-judged business risks. Dr Les Coleman argues that finance and management risk has been a theory-free zone, similar to medicine in the Middle Ages, when physicians were aware of surgical techniques and medicines that worked, but did not know why and were impotent in the face of systemic illness. Today risk managers face much the same situation: They know of techniques that work such as audits, controls and procedure guides. Nevertheless, they rarely anticipate, much less prevent, serious failures. They have no comprehensive knowledge framework for targeting optimum risk levels. This timely book fills some of that gap with an outline of the nature and sources of risk in firms. It sets out a body of risk knowledge to support its management, particularly at the corporate level, in much the same way that our understanding of human physiology and the physical sciences support modern medical and engineering techniques. The reader will learn, for example, how risk attitudes and outcomes flow through an organization and about creative techniques such as asset-liability management. In this area of corporate finance so critical for executives and directors, Risk Strategies will help responsible CFOs and other senior managers, together with teachers and students of management, extend their knowledge and risk management skills.