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Books > Professional & Technical > Mechanical engineering & materials > Materials science
This book presents the results of a European-Chinese collaborative
research project, Manipulation of Reynolds Stress for Separation
Control and Drag Reduction (MARS), including an analysis and
discussion of the effects of a number of active flow control
devices on the discrete dynamic components of the turbulent shear
layers and Reynolds stress. From an application point of view, it
provides a positive and necessary step to control individual
structures that are larger in scale and lower in frequency compared
to the richness of the temporal and spatial scales in turbulent
separated flows.
Conducting polymers were discovered in 1970s in Japan. Since this
discovery, there has been a steady flow of new ideas, new
understanding, new conducing polymer (organics) structures and
devices with enhanced performance. Several breakthroughs have been
made in the design and fabrication technology of the organic
devices. Almost all properties, mechanical, electrical, and
optical, are important in organics. This book describes the recent
advances in these organic materials and devices.
This monograph has arisen out of a number of attempts spanning
almost five decades to understand how one might examine the
evolution of densities in systems whose dynamics are described by
differential delay equations. Though the authors have no definitive
solution to the problem, they offer this contribution in an attempt
to define the problem as they see it, and to sketch out several
obvious attempts that have been suggested to solve the problem and
which seem to have failed. They hope that by being available to the
general mathematical community, they will inspire others to
consider-and hopefully solve-the problem. Serious attempts have
been made by all of the authors over the years and they have made
reference to these where appropriate.
Heterogeneous catalysts are an important tool for greener catalytic
processes due to the ease of their removal from the reaction
mixture and feasibility of reuse. When these catalysts can operate
in the ideal green solvent, water, they improve the sustainability
of the process. This book explores aqueous mediated heterogeneous
catalysts and their use in synthesis. Topics covered include
nanomaterials, quantum dots, metal organic frameworks, and their
use as catalysts.
How do you protect electrical systems from high energy
electromagnetic pulses? This book is designed for researchers who
wish to design toughned systems against EMPs from high altitude
sources. It discusses numerous factors affecting the strength of
EMPs as well as their impact on electronic components, devices and
power electrical equipment. This book includes practical protection
methods and means for evaluating their effectiveness.
This is the proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Exploiting
Nonlinear Dynamics for Engineering Systems that was held in Novi
Sad, Serbia, from July 15th to 19th, 2018. The appearance of
nonlinear phenomena used to be perceived as dangerous, with a
general tendency to avoid them or control them. This perception has
led to intensive research using various approaches and tailor-made
tools developed over decades. However, the Nonlinear Dynamics of
today is experiencing a profound shift of paradigm since recent
investigations rely on a different strategy which brings good
effects of nonlinear phenomena to the forefront. This strategy has
a positive impact on different fields in science and engineering,
such as vibration isolation, energy harvesting,
micro/nano-electro-mechanical systems, etc. Therefore, the ENOLIDES
Symposium was devoted to demonstrate the benefits and to unlock the
potential of exploiting nonlinear dynamical behaviour in these but
also in other emerging fields of science and engineering. This
proceedings is useful for researchers in the fields of nonlinear
dynamics of mechanical systems and structures, and in Mechanical
and Civil Engineering.
This book covers the selection of nanocomposite supercapacitor
materials. It describes the most important criteria behind the
selection of materials for the electrode, electrolytes, separator
and current collectors, which comprise the key components of
supercapacitors for advanced energy storage. It discusses the
influence on each material on the unique electrochemical properties
of nanocomposite supercapacitors with respect to their energy
storage mechanism and stability under extreme and unpredictable
conditions. This book is part of the Handbook of Nanocomposite
Supercapacitor Materials. Supercapacitors have emerged as promising
devices for electrochemical energy storage, playing an important
role in energy harvesting for meeting the current demands of
increasing global energy consumption. The handbook covers the
materials science and engineering of nanocomposite supercapacitors,
ranging from their general characteristics and performance to
materials selection, design and construction. Covering both
fundamentals and recent developments, this handbook serves a
readership encompassing students, professionals and researchers
throughout academia and industry, particularly in the fields of
materials chemistry, electrochemistry, and energy storage and
conversion. It is ideal as a reference work and primary resource
for any introductory senior-level undergraduate or beginning
graduate course covering supercapacitors.
This is the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on
Theoretical, Applied and Experimental Mechanics that was held in
Corfu, Greece, June 23-26, 2019. It presents papers focusing on all
aspects of theoretical, applied and experimental mechanics,
including biomechanics, composite materials, computational
mechanics, constitutive modeling of materials, dynamics,
elasticity, experimental mechanics, fracture, mechanical properties
of materials, micromechanics, nanomechanics, plasticity, stress
analysis, structures, wave propagation. The papers update the
latest research in their field, carried out since the last
conference in 2018. This book is suitable for engineers, students
and researchers who want to obtain an up-to-date view of the recent
advances in the area of mechanics.
This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and
applications in the field of multibody and mechatronic systems.
Topics addressed include the analysis and synthesis of mechanisms;
dynamics of multibody systems; design algorithms for mechatronic
systems; robots and micromachines; experimental validations; theory
of mechatronic simulation; mechatronic systems for rehabilitation
and assistive technologies; mechatronic systems for energy
harvesting; virtual reality integration in multibody and
mechatronic systems; multibody design in robotic systems; and
control of mechatronic systems. The contents reflect the outcomes
of the 7th International Symposium on Multibody Systems and
Mechatronics (7th MuSMe) in 2020, within the framework of the
FEIbIM Commission for Robotics and Mechanisms and IFToMM Technical
Committees for Multibody Dynamics and for Robotics and
Mechatronics.
This book uses a novel concept to teach the finite element method,
applying it to solid mechanics. This major conceptual shift takes
away lengthy theoretical derivations in the face-to-face
interactions with students and focuses on the summary of key
equations and concepts; and to practice these on well-chosen
example problems. For this new, 2nd edition, many examples and
design modifications have been added, so that the learning-by-doing
features of this book make it easier to understand the concepts and
put them into practice. The theoretical derivations are provided as
additional reading and students must study and review the
derivations in a self-study approach. The book provides the
theoretical foundations to solve a comprehensive design project in
tensile testing. A classical clip-on extensometer serves as the
demonstrator on which to apply the provided concepts. The major
goal is to derive the calibration curve based on different
approaches, i.e., analytical mechanics and based on the finite
element method, and to consider further design questions such as
technical drawings, manufacturing, and cost assessment. Working
with two concepts, i.e., analytical and computational mechanics
strengthens the vertical integration of knowledge and allows the
student to compare and understand the different concepts, as well
as highlighting the essential need for benchmarking any numerical
result.
This book compiles the fundamentals, applications and viable
product strategies of biomimetic lipid membranes into a single,
comprehensive source. It broadens its perspective to
interdisciplinary realms incorporating medicine, biology, physics,
chemistry, materials science, as well as engineering and pharmacy
at large. The book guides readers from membrane structure and
models to biophysical chemistry and functionalization of membrane
surfaces. It then takes the reader through a myriad of
surface-sensitive techniques before delving into cutting-edge
applications that could help inspire new research directions. With
more than half the world's drugs and various toxins targeting these
crucial structures, the book addresses a topic of major importance
in the field of medicine, particularly biosensor design, diagnostic
tool development, vaccine formulation, micro/nano-array systems,
and drug screening/development. Provides fundamental knowledge on
biomimetic lipid membranes; Addresses some of biomimetic membrane
types, preparation methods, properties and characterization
techniques; Explains state-of-art technological developments that
incorporate microfluidic systems, array technologies,
lab-on-a-chip-tools, biosensing, and bioprinting techniques;
Describes the integration of biomimetic membranes with current
top-notch tools and platforms; Examines applications in medicine,
pharmaceutical industry, and environmental monitoring.
This book offers a concise primer on energy conversion efficiency
and the Shockley-Queisser limit in single p-n junction solar cells.
It covers all the important fundamental physics necessary to
understand the conversion efficiency, which is indispensable in
studying, investigating, analyzing, and designing solar cells in
practice. As such it is valuable as a supplementary text for
courses on photovoltaics, and bridges the gap between advanced
topics in solar cell device engineering and the fundamental physics
covered in undergraduate courses. The book first introduces the
principles and features of solar cells compared to those of
chemical batteries, and reviews photons, statistics and radiation
as the physics of the source energy. Based on these foundations, it
clarifies the conversion efficiency of a single p-n junction solar
cell and discusses the Shockley-Queisser limit. Furthermore, it
looks into various concepts of solar cells for breaking through the
efficiency limit given in the single junction solar cell and
presents feasible theoretical predictions. To round out readers'
knowledge of p-n junctions, the final chapter also reviews the
essential semiconductor physics. The foundation of solar cell
physics and engineering provided here is a valuable resource for
readers with no background in solar cells, such as upper
undergraduate and master students. At the same time, the deep
insights provided allow readers to step seamlessly into other
advanced books and their own research topics.
This volume gathers the latest advances and innovations in the
field of structural health monitoring, as presented at the 8th
Civil Structural Health Monitoring Workshop (CSHM-8), held on March
31-April 2, 2021. It discusses emerging challenges in civil SHM and
more broadly in the fields of smart materials and intelligent
systems for civil engineering applications. The contributions cover
a diverse range of topics, including applications of SHM to civil
structures and infrastructures, innovative sensing solutions for
SHM, data-driven damage detection techniques, nonlinear systems and
analysis techniques, influence of environmental and operational
conditions, aging structures and infrastructures in hazardous
environments, and SHM in earthquake prone regions. Selected by
means of a rigorous peer-review process, they will spur novel
research directions and foster future multidisciplinary
collaborations.
This book provides insight into research and development of key
aerospace materials that have enabled some of the most exciting air
and space technologies in recent years. The stories are shared with
you by the women who experienced them, those engineers and
scientists in the labs, on the shop floors, or on the design teams
contributing to the realization of these technologies. Their work
contributes to the world in the challenging and vital field of
aerospace materials, and their stories seethe with a pride and a
passion for the opportunity to make these important contributions.
As an important part of the Women in Science and Engineering book
series, the work highlights the contribution of women leaders in
Aerospace Materials, inspiring women and men, girls and boys to
enter and apply themselves to secure our future in an increasingly
connected world.
The aim of this selection of papers is to bring together
researchers working very deep in the basics of electromagnetic NDT
on one hand and industrialist discussing their practical problems
on the other hand. The papers cover topics as; Microwave
applications and Material Characterization; General Eddy Current
Inspection Tasks; Novel Techniques and Sensors; Magnetic Flux
leakage Inspection; Steam Generator Eddy Current Inspection Tasks;
and Material Characterization. Especially Novel Techniques and
Sensors and Material Characterization are discussed on multiple
papers. This publication gives a good overview of the many
scientific problems in this area, but also explains the actual
challenges for the scientific-technical community, like problems
with in-line inspection of pipelines or the enhancing of the
inspection performance in steam generator tubes inspection in the
nuclear field. The material is important for scientists and
engineers working in the field of electromagnetic non-destructive
testing, in defect detection and sizing, as well as in material
characterization.
This book introduces readers to experimental techniques of general
utility that can be used to practically and reliably determine
nucleation rates. It also covers the basics of gas hydrates, phase
equilibria, nucleation theory, crystal growth, and interfacial
gaseous states. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to
graduate students and researchers in the field of hydrate
nucleation. The formation of gas hydrates is a first-order phase
transition that begins with nucleation. Understanding nucleation is
of interest to many working in the chemical and petroleum industry,
since nucleation, while beneficial in many chemical processes, is
also a concern in terms of flow assurance for oil and natural gas
pipelines. A primary difficulty in the investigation of gas hydrate
nucleation has been researchers' inability to determine and compare
the nucleation rates of gas hydrates across systems with different
scales and levels of complexity, which in turn has limited their
ability to study the nucleation process itself. This book
introduces readers to experimental techniques that can be used to
practically and reliably determine the nucleation rates of gas
hydrate systems. It also covers the basics of gas hydrates, phase
equilibria, nucleation theory, crystal growth, and interfacial
gaseous states. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to
graduate students and researchers in the field of hydrate
nucleation.
In a comprehensive treatment of Statistical Mechanics from
thermodynamics through the renormalization group, this book serves
as the core text for a full-year graduate course in statistical
mechanics at either the Masters or Ph.D. level. Each chapter
contains numerous exercises, and several chapters treat special
topics which can be used as the basis for student projects. The
concept of scaling is introduced early and used extensively
throughout the text. At the heart of the book is an extensive
treatment of mean field theory, from the simplest decoupling
approach, through the density matrix formalism, to self-consistent
classical and quantum field theory as well as exact solutions on
the Cayley tree. Proceeding beyond mean field theory, the book
discusses exact mappings involving Potts models, percolation,
self-avoiding walks and quenched randomness, connecting various
athermal and thermal models. Computational methods such as series
expansions and Monte Carlo simulations are discussed, along with
exact solutions to the 1D quantum and 2D classical Ising models.
The renormalization group formalism is developed, starting from
real-space RG and proceeding through a detailed treatment of
Wilson's epsilon expansion. Finally the subject of
Kosterlitz-Thouless systems is introduced from a historical
perspective and then treated by methods due to Anderson,
Kosterlitz, Thouless and Young. Altogether, this comprehensive,
up-to-date, and engaging text offers an ideal package for advanced
undergraduate or graduate courses or for use in self study.
The title, "Laminated Composite Doubly-Curved Shell Structures.
Differential and Integral Quadrature. Strong Form Finite Elements"
illustrates the theme treated and the prospective followed during
the composition of the present work. The aim of this manuscript is
to analyze the static and dynamic behavior of thick and moderately
thick composite shells through the application of the Differential
Quadrature (DQ) method. The book is divided into two volumes
wherein the principal higher order structural theories are
illustrated in detail and the mechanical behavior of doubly-curved
structures are presented by several static and dynamic numerical
applications. In particular, the first volume is mainly
theoretical, whereas the second one is mainly related to the
numerical DQ technique and its applications in the structural
field. The numerical results reported in the present volume are
compared to the one available in the literature, but also to the
ones obtained through several codes based on the Finite Element
Method (FEM). Furthermore, an advanced version of the DQ method,
termed Strong Formulation Finite Element Method (SFEM), is
presented. The SFEM solves the differential equations inside each
element in the strong form and implements the mapping technique
typical of the FEM.
This book discusses the parametric modeling, performance
evaluation, design optimization and comparative study of the
high-speed, parallel pick-and-place robots. It collects the
modeling methodology, evaluation criteria and design guidelines for
parallel PnP robots to provide a systematic analysis method for
robotic developers. Furthermore, it gathers the research results
previously scattered in many prestigious international journals and
conference proceedings and methodically edits them and presents
them in a unified form. The book is of interest to researchers,
R&D engineers and graduate students in industrial parallel
robotics who wish to learn the core principles, methods,
algorithms, and applications.
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