Emerging Nanotechnologies for Renewable Energy offers a detailed overview of the benefits and applications of nanotechnology in the renewable energy sector. The book highlights recent work carried out on the emerging role of nanotechnology in renewable energy applications, ranging from photovoltaics, to battery technology and energy from waste. Written by international authors from both industry and academia, the book covers topics including scaling up from laboratory to industrial scale. It is a valuable resource for students at postgraduate and advanced undergraduate levels, researchers in industry and academia, technology leaders, and policy and decision-makers in the energy and engineering sectors.

Handbook of Nanomaterials for Intelligent Sensing Applications provides insights into the production of nanosensors and their applications. The book takes an interdisciplinary approach, showing how nano-enhanced sensing technology is being used in a variety of industry sectors and addressing related challenges surrounding the production, fabrication and application of nanomaterials-based sensors at both experimental and theoretical levels. This book is an important reference source for materials scientists and engineers who want to learn more about how nanomaterials are being used to enhance sensing products and devices for a variety of industry sectors. The pof miniaturized device components and engineering systems of micro- and nanoscale is beyond the capability of conventional machine tools. The production of intelligent sensors at nanometer scale presents great challenges to engineers in design and manufacture. The manufacturing of nano-scaled devices and components involves isolation, transportation and re-assembly of atoms and molecules. This nanomachining technology involves not only physical-chemical processes as in the case of microfabrication, but it also involves application and integration of the principles of molecular biology.

Ice-Houses: Energy, Architecture and Sustainability presents new and novel technologies and approaches surrounding daily and seasonal ice storage, along with discussions on passive cooling and natural technologies using different methods, including heat pumps. The book covers different aspects of ice-houses and cold energy production, storage and utilization. By addressing various issues connected to the technology and structure of traditional ice-houses and natural and artificial ice making, this refences looks at new technological approaches for the reduction of electrical energy consumption in buildings. Users will find this to be a comprehensive overview of ice house storage that includes worked examples and global case studies. It is an essential resource for researchers and engineers looking to advance their understanding of this method of thermal storage.

Macromolecular Engineering: Design, Synthesis and Application of Polymers explores the role of macromolecular engineering in the development of polymer systems with engineered structures that offer the desired combination of properties for advanced applications. This book is organized into sections covering theory and principles, science and technology, architectures and technologies, and applications, with an emphasis on the latest advances in techniques, materials, properties, and end uses - and including recently commercialized, or soon to be commercialized, designed polymer systems. The chapters are contributed by a group of leading figures who are actively researching in the field. This is an invaluable resource for researchers and scientists interested in polymer synthesis and design, across the fields of polymer chemistry, polymer science, plastics engineering, and materials science and engineering. In industry, this book supports engineers, R&D, and scientists working on polymer design for application areas such as biomedical and healthcare, automotive and aerospace, construction and consumer goods.

Metal-Reinforced Ceramics covers the principle of metal-fiber-reinforced ceramics, a well-known topic in the field of reinforced concrete. Much of the work that has been done has remained unpublished, hidden in industrial company archives due to the commercial sensitivity associated with the respective technologies that prevailed at the time, which no longer applies today. This book will discuss advanced technologies that have largely been undocumented before in a broad range of industrial application areas, with updates on alumina, silicon carbide, boron carbide, tungsten carbide, fused silica, and carbon-based ceramics which are hard, heat resistant, wear resistant, and chemically durable.

Functional Tactile Sensors: Materials, Devices and Integrations focuses on the subject of novel materials design and device integration of tactile sensors for functional applications. The book addresses the design, materials characteristics, device operation principles, specialized device application and mechanisms of the latest reported tactile sensors. The emphasis of the book lies in the materials science aspects of tactile sensors-understanding the relationship between material properties and device performance. It will be an ideal resource for researchers working in materials science, engineering and physics.

Biopolymer-Based Nano Films: Applications in Food Packaging and Wound Healing covers a variety of biofilms, including active biofilms, nisin-silver nano-films, silk fibroin-based composite films, lignocellulose/cellulose-based biofilms, carboxymethyl cellulose-coated polypropylene, hybrid film-loaded antimicrobials, chitosan hybrid systems, pullulan, and biopolymers films. The applications of these nano-biofilms in different fields, particularly in food packaging, wound healing, and as potential antimicrobials against new, emerging, and multidrug resistant microbes are also discussed. This is an important resource for researchers in the fields of pharmacology, nanotechnology, microbiology, biotechnology, and for clinicians. The possibility of associating nanotechnology with biotechnology helps with the creation of innovative new products and the development of processes at the molecular level. Within this context, nanobiotechnology advances and revolutionizes several scientific fields. In the development of new technologies and products, it is also necessary to develop "platforms" that allow the specific application and delivery of compounds/actives in a controlled, specific and non-toxic way.

Liutex and Its Applications in Turbulence Research reviews the history of vortex definition, provides an accurate mathematical definition of vortices, and explains their applications in flow transition, turbulent flow, flow control, and turbulent flow experiments. The book explains the term "Rortex" as a mathematically defined rigid rotation of fluids or vortex, which could help solve many longstanding problems in turbulence research. The accurate mathematical definition of the vortex is important in a range of industrial contexts, including aerospace, turbine machinery, combustion, and electronic cooling systems, so there are many areas of research that can benefit from the innovations described here. This book provides a thorough survey of the latest research in generalized and flow-thermal, unified, law-of-the-wall for wall-bounded turbulence. Important theory and methodologies used for developing these laws are described in detail, including: the classification of the conventional turbulent boundary layer concept based on proper velocity scaling; the methodology for identification of the scales of velocity, temperature, and length needed to establish the law; and the discovery, proof, and strict validations of the laws, with both Reynolds and Prandtl number independency properties using DNS data. The establishment of these statistical laws is important to modern fluid mechanics and heat transfer research, and greatly expands our understanding of wall-bounded turbulence.

Advanced Joining Processes: Welding, Plastic Deformation, and Adhesion brings together a range of advanced thermal, mechanical, and chemical methods of joining, offering an up-to-date resource for those looking to understand and utilize the very latest techniques. Efficient joining techniques are critical to a range of innovative applications, with technology in constant development. The first section of the book provides in-depth information on advanced welding techniques, including friction stir, explosive, ultrasonic, laser, electron beam, and computational weld analysis and fatigue of structures. The second section highlights key developments in joining by plastic deformation, adhesive bonding, and hybrid joining. The coverage of each technique is supported by practical guidance, detailed analysis, and finite element simulations. This is an essential reference for researchers and advanced students in joining, welding, adhesion, materials processing, mechanical engineering, plastics engineering, manufacturing, civil engineering, and automotive/aerospace engineering, as well as engineers, scientists, and R&D professionals, using joining, welding, and adhesion methods, across a range of industries.

Polymers used in electronics and electrical engineering are essential to the development of high-tech products, with applications in space, aviation, health, automotive, communication, robotics, consumer products, and beyond. Typical features of mainstream polymers such as mechanical performance, optical behavior, and environmental stability frequently need to be enhanced to perform in these demanding applications, creating the need to develop special grades or use completely new chemistry for their synthesis. Similarly, the typical set of properties included in the description of mainstream polymers are not sufficient for polymer selection for these applications, as they require different data, data that is meticulously detailed in the Handbook of Polymers for Electronics. The book provides readers with the most up-to-date information from the existing literature, manufacturing data, and patent filings. Presenting data for all polymers based on a consistent pattern of arrangement, the book provides details organized into the following sections: General; history; synthesis; structure; commercial polymers; physical properties; electrical properties; mechanical properties; chemical resistance; flammability; weather stability; thermal stability; biodegradation; toxicity; environmental impact; processing; blends; analysis. The contents, scope, treatment and novelty of the data makes this book an essential resource for anyone working with polymeric materials used in modern electronic applications.

Databook of Flame Retardants contains information on commonly-used additives broken out into five sections, including General, Physical, Health and Safety, Ecological, and Use. Over one hundred types of data are included for over three hundred and fifty commercial-based products. All data fields are defined and include a broad range of information, such as calcium contents, molecular mass, brightness, freezing/melting points, viscosity, volatility, UN/NA class, autoignition temperature, partition coefficient, processing methods, concentrations used, and more. This book is best utilized in tandem with the Handbook of Flame Retardants. Each book complements the other without repeating information, with the other release explaining the role of these products, their selection, mechanism of action, use in different polymers and products, and health and commercial issues related to flame retardants.

Eco-Efficient Rendering Mortars: Use of Recycled Materials focuses on the use of waste materials into cement-based renders, discussing the origins, treatment processes and properties of relevant wastes. The book dispels mistrust through demonstrating the technical feasibility and environmental benefits of eco-efficient rendering mortars. It considers the characteristics of different waste products, such as aggregates, fillers, binders and additions. The functional requirements of renders are also discussed alongside their impact. Finally, the title considers the lifecycle and durability of modified mortars. This book offers robust support and clear guidance on the use of wastes as a substitute for natural aggregates and binders.

Optical Materials, Second Edition, presents, in a unified form, the underlying physical and structural processes that determine the optical behavior of materials. It does this by combining elements from physics, optics, and materials science in a seamless manner, and introducing quantum mechanics when needed. The book groups the characteristics of optical materials into classes with similar behavior. In treating each type of material, the text pays particular attention to atomic composition and chemical makeup, electronic states and band structure, and physical microstructure so that the reader will gain insight into the kinds of materials engineering and processing conditions that are required to produce a material exhibiting a desired optical property. The physical principles are presented on many levels, including a physical explanation, followed by formal mathematical support and examples and methods of measurement. The reader may overlook the equations with no loss of comprehension, or may use the text to find appropriate equations for calculations of optical properties.

Organometallic Luminescence: A Case Study of Alq3, an OLED Reference Material contains many discoveries on Alq3, an important organometallic material to the optoelectronics community that includes insights that can be applied to other organic compounds. The book contains groundbreaking research from the author's own investigation into the Alq3 material that is based on years of experiments, the results of which initially escaped any logical explanation. The book describes a simple method based on photoluminescence to observe optical properties in Alq3, also covering the optical properties of absorption and long decay from theoretical and experimental perspectives.

Advanced Spinel Ferrite Nanocomposites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Applications presents recent developments in advanced spinel ferrite nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding, including microwave absorption applications. The book includes the basics of shielding mechanisms, synthesis of advanced nanocomposites, and characterization, as well as results analysis. It also discusses the relationship between nanocomposite structure and physical properties. The book systematically explores how spinel ferrite nanoparticle composites are utilized with polymer, carbon source materials (carbon nanotube, graphene, etc.), metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, hard ferrite nanoparticles, glass, rubber, wood, fabrics/textiles, and cement/concrete in the development of advanced spinel ferrite nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding application. Academics, scientists, engineers, students, and industrial researchers will find this book beneficial.

Handbook of Polymer Nanocomposites for Industrial Applications summarizes the properties of polymer nanocomposites, discusses their industrial scale fabrication methods, and presents their applications for various industrial sectors at both experimental and theoretical models scales. The book also addresses existing challenges for the use of polymer nanocomposites in major industrial sectors. Overall, the aim of this book is to summarize the recent advancements in the use of PNCs in a variety of industry sectors. Particular attention is paid to those approaches that enable green and sustainable industrial developments. The legal, economical and toxicity aspects of polymer nanocomposite are also presented in detail.

Design of Marine Risers with Functionally Graded Materials focuses on the application and use of marine risers fabricated with functionally graded materials (FGM) in ocean environments. Chapters cover the various types of marine risers available, common problems (corrosion), their fabrication and manufacturing, and their application and use in marine risers. A functionally graded materials mould is then subsequently investigated by various structural and metallurgical examinations to assess its suitability as an alternate material in the marine environment. Several characteristics of the newly developed FGM are compared with other conventional materials to explicitly highlight the superiority of the newly developed FGM. Further chapters focus on novel design methods, such as VIV suppression systems for risers with detailed experimental investigations carried out on cylinders and a chapter on advanced materials, including titanium and composites and their application and use in the marine environment.

Chalcogenide-Based Nanomaterials as Photocatalysts deals with the different types of chalcogenide-based photocatalytic reactions, covering the fundamental concepts of photocatalytic reactions involving chalcogenides for a range of energy and environmental applications. Sections focus on nanostructure control, synthesis methods, activity enhancement strategies, environmental applications, and perspectives of chalcogenide-based nanomaterials. The book offers guidelines for designing new chalcogenide-based nanoscale photocatalysts at low cost and high efficiency for efficient utilization of solar energy in the areas of energy production and environment remediation.

Hybrid Composite Perovskite Materials: Design to Applications discusses the manufacturing, design and characterization of organic-inorganic perovskite composite materials. The book goes beyond the basics of characterization and discusses physical properties, surface morphology and environmental stability. Users will find extensive examples of real-world products that are suitable for the needs of the market. Following a logical order, the book begins with mathematical background and then covers innovative approaches to physical modeling, analysis and design techniques. Numerous examples illustrate the proposed methods and results, making this book a sound resource on the modern research application of perovskite composites with real commercial value.

Applications of Advanced Green Materials provides a comprehensive and authoritative review on recent advancement in green materials in various applications. Each chapter is focused on a specific application of advanced green materials from packaging to sensor technology, biomedical to environmental applications, textile to catalysis to electronic shielding applications, supercapacitors, drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioelectronic, gas storage and separation, etc. This book also discusses life cycle assessment and circular economy of green materials and their future prospective. The book is unique with contributions from renowned scientists working on biopolymers and biocomposites, bioactive and biodegradable materials, composites, and metallic natural materials. This book is an essential resource for academicians, researchers, students and professionals interested in exploring potential of advanced green materials.

Crack Control: Using Fracture Theory to Create Tough New Materials goes beyond just trying to understand the origin of cracks and fracture in materials by also providing readers with the knowledge and techniques required to stop cracks at the nano- and micro-levels, covering the fundamentals of crack propagation, prevention, and healing. The book starts by providing a concise foundational overview of cracks and fracture mechanics, then looks at real-life ways that new tougher materials have been developed via crack inhibition. Topics such as crack equilibrium, stress criterion, and stress equations are then outlined, as are methods for inventing new crack-resistant materials. The importance of crack healing is emphasized and cracks that grow under tension, bending, compression, crazing, and adhesion are discussed at length as well

Handbook of Nanotechnology Applications: Environment, Energy, Agriculture and Medicine presents a comprehensive overview on recent developments and prospects surrounding nanotechnology use in water/wastewater separation and purification, energy storage and conversion, agricultural and food process, and effective diagnoses and treatments in medical fields. The book includes detailed overviews of nanotechnology, including nanofiltration membrane for water/wastewater treatment, nanomedicine and nanosensor development for medical implementation, advanced nanomaterials of different structural dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D and 3D) for energy applications, as well as food and agricultural utilization. Other sections discuss the challenges of lab-based research transitioning towards practical industrial use.

Adsorption: Fundamental Processes and Applications, Volume 33 in the Interface Science and Technology Series, discusses the great technological importance of adsorption and describes how adsorbents are used on a large scale as desiccants, catalysts, catalyst supports, in the separation of gases, the purification of liquids, pollution control, and in respiratory protection. Finally, it explores how adsorption phenomena play a vital role in many solid-state reactions and biological mechanisms, as well as stressing the importance of the widespread use of adsorption techniques in the characterization of surface properties and the texture of fine powders.

Structural Biomaterials: Properties, Characteristics, and Selection serves as a single point of reference to digest current research and develop a deeper understanding in the field of biomaterials engineering. This book uses a materials-focused approach, allowing the reader to quickly access specific, detailed information on biomaterials characterization and selection. Relevant to a range of readers, this book provides holistic coverage of the broad categories of structural biomaterials currently available and used in medical applications, highlighting the property requirements for structural biomaterials, their biocompatibility performance and their safety regulation in key categories such as metals, ceramics and polymers. The materials science perspective of this text ensures the content is accessible even to those without an extensive background in applied medicine, positioning this text not just for students, but as an overview and reference for researchers, scientists and engineers entering the field from related materials science disciplines.

Advances in Modeling and Simulation in Textile Engineering: New Concepts, Methods, and Applications explains the advanced principles and techniques that can be used to solve textile engineering problems using numerical modeling and simulation. The book draws on innovative research and industry practice to explain methods for the modeling of all of these processes, helping readers apply computational power to more areas of textile engineering. Experimental results are presented and linked closely to processes and methods of implementation. Diverse concepts such as heat transfer, fluid dynamics, three-dimensional motion, and multi-phase flow are addressed. Finally, tools, theoretical principles, and numerical models are extensively covered. Textile engineering involves complex processes which are not easily expressed numerically or simulated, such as fiber motion simulation, yarn to fiber formation, melt spinning technology, optimization of yarn production, textile machinery design and optimization, and modeling of textile/fabric reinforcements.