Heterostructured Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion provides a comprehensive description of novel z-scheme hybrid materials based on metal oxide or chalcogenides-based semiconductor, or carbon-based nanomaterials (conducting polymers, graphene, and other carbon materials). The book explores energy conversion applications, such as hydrogen generation, water splitting, CO2 reduction or degradation of organic pollutants, and their associated new material and technology development. The book addresses a variety of topics, such as photochemical processes, materials and fabrication, degradation mechanisms, as well as challenges and strategies. The book includes in-depth discussions ranging from comprehensive understanding, to engineering of materials and applied devices. The concept of visible light active catalysis emerged in recent decades and continues to attract the scientific community. Driven primarily by an opportunity to develop novel multifunctional materials on one hand, and sustainable technologies on the other, several successful approaches have been explored. However, preparation, characterization, and application of visible light active Z-scheme heterojunction-based catalytic nanostructures are still at the foreground of research activity.

Organic Electronics is a novel field of electronics that has gained an incredible attention over the past few decades. New materials, device architectures and applications have been continuously introduced by the academic and also industrial communities, and novel topics have raised strong interest in such communities, as molecular doping, thermoelectrics, bioelectronics and many others. Organic Flexible Electronics is mainly divided into three sections. The first part is focused on the fundamentals of organic electronics, such as charge transport models in these systems and new approaches for the design and synthesis of novel molecules. The first section addresses the main challenges that are still open in this field, including the important role of interfaces for achieving high-performing devices or the novel approaches employed for improving reliability issues. The second part discusses the most innovative devices which have been developed in recent years, such as devices for energy harvesting, flexible batteries, high frequency circuits, and flexible devices for tattoo electronics and bioelectronics. Finally the book reviews the most important applications moving from more standard flexible back panels to wearable and textile electronics and more futuristic applications like ingestible systems.

Techno-Economic Challenges of Green Ammonia as an Energy Vector presents the fundamentals, techno-economic challenges, applications, and state-of-the-art research in using green ammonia as a route toward the hydrogen economy. This book presents practical implications and case studies of a great variety of methods to recover stored energy from ammonia and use it for power, along with transport and heating applications, including its production, storage, transportation, regulations, public perception, and safety aspects. As a unique reference in this field, this book can be used both as a handbook by researchers and a source of background knowledge by graduate students developing technologies in the fields of hydrogen economy, hydrogen energy, and energy storage.

Eco-efficient Materials for Reducing Cooling Needs in Buildings and Construction: Design, Properties and Applications provides a comprehensive review on building envelope materials and technologies for reducing cooling needs in buildings. The book offers in-depth analysis of the performance of new innovative materials and technologies used in pavements, facade and roofing materials, PCMs and chromogenic smart materials. Includes practical case study examples of their applications in building and construction. The book is an essential reference resource for researchers, architects and civil engineers, city planners, product developers, manufacturers, and other professionals working in eco-efficient cooling materials and sustainable and zero-energy building design.

Acoustic Emission and Related Non-destructive Evaluation Techniques in the Fracture Mechanics of Concrete: Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition presents innovative Acoustic Emission (AE) and related non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques that are used for damage detection and inspection of aged and deteriorated concrete structures. This new edition includes multi-modal applications such as DIC, thermography, X-ray and in-situ implementations, all of which are helpful in better understanding feasibility and underlying challenges. This new edition is an essential resource for civil engineers, contractors working in construction, and materials scientists working both in industry and academia.

Nanocellulose Based Composites for Electronics presents recent developments in the synthesis and applications of nanocellulose composites in electronics, highlighting applications in various technologies. Chapters covers new trends and challenges in a wide range of electronic applications and devices. Significant properties, safety, sustainability, and environmental impacts of the electronic devices are included, along with the challenges of using nanocellulose-based composites in electronics. This book is an important reference for materials scientists and engineers configuring and designing processes for the synthesis and device fabrication of nanocellulose composites in electronics.

Materials, Design and Manufacturing for Lightweight Vehicles, Second Edition, features the requirements for processing each material type, explains the manufacture of different categories of components, and analyzes different component joining techniques. The properties of all materials, metals, polymers and composites currently used are included along with how each one influences structural design. The new edition also contains refinements to manufacturing processes in particular hot stamping of boron steel and aluminum alloy, and new chapters on designing lightweight automotive structures & lightweight materials for powertrains and electric vehicles. With its distinguished editor and renowned team of contributors, this is a standard reference for practicing engineers involved in the design and material selection for motor vehicle bodies and components as well as material scientists, environmental scientists, policy makers, car companies and automotive component manufacturers.

Heterogeneous Media: Local Fields, Effective Properties, and Wave Propagation outlines new computational methods for solving volume integral equation problems in heterogeneous media. The book starts by surveying the various numerical methods of analysis of static and dynamic fields in heterogeneous media, listing their strengths and weaknesses, before moving onto an introduction of static and dynamic green functions for homogeneous media. Volume and surface integral equations for fields in heterogenous media are discussed next, followed by an overview of explicit formulas for numerical calculations of volume and surface potentials. The book then segues into Gaussian functions for discretization of volume integral equations for fields in heterogenous media, static problems for a homogeneous host medium with heterogeneous inclusions, volume integral equations for scattering problems, and concludes with a chapter outlining solutions to homogenization problems and calculations of effective properties of heterogeneous media. The book concludes with multiple appendices that feature the texts of basic programs for solving volume integral equations as written in Mathematica.

Chemical Management in Textiles and Fashion helps readers understand current pressures on the textile industry surrounding the responsible management of chemicals. The book was written in response to industrial movements like Greenpeace's Detox Campaign and Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals, which have both helped to motivate retailers, manufacturers and regulatory bodies on this issue. Chapters cover the entire supply chain, taking into account the use of chemicals in processing, manufacturing and recycling garments. In addition to environmental sustainability, this valuable resource covers all the main aspects of chemical management, including chemical risk assessments, chemical management systems, and lifecycle assessment. While providing a survey of the latest regulations and standards on chemical management, this book also examines emerging green alternatives to help readers find innovative solutions for sustainable chemical processes.

Tribology of Polymer Composites: Characterization, Properties, and Applications provides an exhaustive overview of the latest research, trends, applications and future directions of the tribology of polymer composites. Covering novel methods for the synthesis of polymer composites and their properties, the book starts by reviewing the fabrication techniques, wear and frictional properties of polymer composite materials. From there, it features chapters looking at the tribological behavior and properties of specific polymer composite materials such as synthetic fiber-reinforced, cellulose fiber-reinforced, wood fiber, synthetic fiber, mineral fiber-reinforced, and thermosetting composites. Final chapters cover the tribology of polymer nanocomposites and particulate polymer composites and their metal coatings. Applied examples spanning a wide range of industries are emphasized in each chapter.

Nanotechnology has been incorporated into a wide range of garments to improve the durability of clothing / apparel and create new properties for a special end-used application. It also incorporates wearable electronics into clothing to make it smarter. Smart nano-textiles refers to the uses and integration of smart nanocoatings, nanosensors and nanodevices in multifunctional textiles, since they are both low cost and have low power consumption. Various organic and inorganic nanomaterials can be used in garments to improve their properties and create new properties such as anti-bacterial, superhydrophobic, auto-cleaning, self-cleaning, stain repellent, wrinkle-free, static eliminating, fire resistant and electrically conductive properties. This book focuses on the fundamental concepts and approaches for the preparation of smart nanotextiles, their properties, and their applications in multifarious industries, including smart garments, biomedicine, construction/building materials, energy conversion/storage, automotive/aerospace industries and agriculture.

Thermodynamics: Principles Characterizing Physical and Chemical Processes, Fifth Edition is an authoritative guide on the physical and chemical processes based on classical thermodynamic principles. Emphasis is placed on fundamental principles, with a combination of theory and practice that demonstrates their applications in a variety of disciplines. Revised and updated to include new material and novel formulations, this edition features a new chapter on algebraic power laws and Fisher information theory, along with detailed updates on irreversible phenomena, Landau theory, self-assembly, Caratheodory's theorem, and the effects of externally applied fields. Drawing on the experience of its expert author, this book is a useful tool for both graduate students, professional chemists, and physicists who wish to acquire a more sophisticated overview of thermodynamics and related subject matter.

Superlubricity - the state between sliding systems where friction is reduced to almost immeasurable amounts - holds great potential for improving both the economic and environmental credentials of moving mechanical systems. Research in this field has progressed tremendously in recent years, and there now exist several theoretical models, recognised techniques for computational simulations and interesting experimental evidence of superlubricity in practise. Superlubricity, Second Edition, presents an extensively revised and updated overview of these important developments, providing a comprehensive guide to the physical chemistry underpinning molecular mechanisms of friction and lubrication, current theoretical models used to explore and assess superlubricity, examples of its achievement in experimental systems, and discussion of potential future applications. Drawing on the extensive knowledge of its expert editors and global team of authors from across academia and industry, Superlubricity, Second Edition, is a great resource for all those with a need to understand, model or manipulate surface interactions for improved performance.

Biologically functional ceramic materials have been known about for several decades, like phosphate cements and gypsum, and they are within the zeroth generation. Modern and artificially synthesized bioceramics include amorphous materials in the Bioglass (R) family that were developed in the early 1970's and derivative glass ceramics such as Bioverit (R) and Cerabone A-W (R) that came in 1980's. They are from the 2nd generation of materials, and mostly applicable to bone replacement or bone defect fillers. Since the late 1990's, newer technologies have been introduced to the biologically functional material fields; they are the syntheses of organic-inorganic hybrids of micro- and macroscopic scales as well as nano-scales, organic fragment-covered ceramic particles of varied sizes, with light-controlling abilities to modify the frequency of light, in addition synthesis of high strength and high-tribological durability that had not been available before. With the advent of additive manufacturing technology employing lasers, electron beams, and printers, clinical materials of complicated porous structures are now easily prepared. These materials are of the 3rd generation. This book will cover almost all kinds of such 3rd generation ceramic and ceramic-related biomaterials. This book conveys the current state-of-the-art on the science and technology of bioceramics, from nano-size dots or particles to macro-scale architectures, of a wide range of constitutions including quantum dots with peptide fragments, meso-scale therapeutic particles designed to involve drugs or genes, mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrids, nano-structured oxide layers on metals and alloys.

Theory and Applications of Nonparenteral Nanomedicines presents thoroughly analysed data and results regarding the potential of nanomedicines conceived by diverse non-parenteral routes. In the context of nanotechnology-based approaches, various routes such as oral, pulmonary, transdermal, delivery and local administration of nanomedicine have been utilized for the delivery of nanomedicine. This book discusses the non-parenteral application of nanomedicine, its regulatory implications, application of mucus penetrating nanocarrier, and detailed chapters on development of nanomedicines developed for drug delivery by various route. Beginning with a brief introduction to the non-parenteral delivery of nanomedicine and the safety and regulatory implications of the nanoformulations, further chapters discuss the physiology of the biological barriers, the specificity of the nanocarriers as well as their multiple applications. Theory and Applications of Nonparenteral Nanomedicines helps clinical researchers, researchers working in pharmaceutical industries, graduate students, and anyone working in the development of non-parenteral nanomedicines to understand the recent progress in the design and development of nanoformulations compatible with non-parenteral applications.

Advances in Sustainable Polymer Composites reviews recent scientific findings on the production and use of sustainable polymers and composites as innovative new materials. The book discusses the importance of sustainable polymers in terms of current practices and how to address environmental and economic issues. Attention is focused on the physical, chemical and electrical properties of these composites. The book also looks at the lifecycle of both single and hybrid polymers and nanocomposites, with chapters covering the latest research findings on sustainable polymer composites with various filler loadings and their improvement on compatibility. From the viewpoint of polymer composites, this book covers not only well-known sustainable future trends in sustainable polymers and composites, but also advanced materials produced from micro, nano and pico-scale fillers that achieve better physical and mechanical results.

The Effect of Radiation on Properties of Polymers examines the effects of radiation on plastics and elastomers. Polymers are required in products or parts for a range of cutting-edge applications that are exposed to radiation, in areas such as space, medicine, and radiation processing. This book focuses on the effects of radiation exposure within that environment, providing in-depth data coverage organized by category of polymer. Aspects such as radiation impact on mechanical and thermal properties, including glass transition and heat deflection temperatures, are described, demonstrating how changes in these properties affect the performance of plastic or elastomer parts. The effect of radiation on electrical properties is also included. Supporting introductory chapters explain the key concepts of radiation, including the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of plastics and elastomers. This is a vital resource for plastics engineers, product designers, and R&D professionals, working on products or parts for radioactive environments, as well as engineers and scientists in the medical, nuclear, and radiation processing industries. The book also supports researchers and scientists in plastics engineering, polymer processing and properties, polymer and coatings chemistry, materials science, and radiation.

3D Printing in Medicine and Surgery: Applications in Healthcare is an advanced book on surgical and enhanced medical applications that can be achieved with 3D printing. It is an essential handbook for medical practitioners, giving access to a range of practical methods, while also focusing on applied knowledge. This comprehensive resource features practical experiments and processes for preparing 3D printable materials. Early chapters cover foundational knowledge and background reading, while later chapters discuss and review the current technologies used to engineer specific tissue types, experiments and methods, medical approaches and the challenges that lie ahead for future research. The book is an indispensable reference guide to the various methods used by current medical practitioners working at the forefront of 3D printing applications in medicine.

Metallic Biomaterials Processing and Medical Device Manufacturing details the principles and practices of the technologies used in biomaterials processing and medical device manufacturing. The book reviews the main categories of metallic biomaterials and the essential considerations in design and manufacturing of medical devices. It bridges the gap between the designing of biomaterials and manufacturing of medical devices including requirements and standards. Main themes of the book include, manufacturing, coatings and surface modifications of medical devices, metallic biomaterials and their mechanical behaviour, degradation, testing and characterization, and quality controls, standards and FDA regulations of medical devices. The leading experts in the filed discuss the requirements, challenges, recent progresses and future research directions in the processing of materials and manufacturing of medical devices. Metallic Biomaterials Processing and Medical Device Manufacturing is ideal for those working in the disciplines of materials science, manufacturing, biomedical engineering, and mechanical engineering.

Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) Guidelines: Technical Guide for Managing CUI, Third Edition, Volume 55 builds upon the success of the first two editions to provide a fully up-to-date, practical source of information on how to monitor and manage insulated systems. In the first edition of this book published in 2008, the EFC Working Parties WP13 and WP15 engaged together to provide guidelines on managing CUI with contributions from a number of European refining, petrochemical, and offshore companies. The guidelines were intended for use on all plants and installations that contain insulated vessels, piping, and equipment, and cover a risk-based inspection methodology for CUI, inspection techniques, and recommended best practices for mitigating CUI. The guidelines include design of plant and equipment, coatings and the use of thermal spray techniques, types of insulation, cladding/jacketing materials, and protection guards. Corrosion-under-insulation (CUI) refers to the external corrosion of piping and vessels that occurs underneath externally clad/jacketed insulation as a result of the penetration of water. By its very nature CUI tends to remain undetected until the insulation and cladding/jacketing is removed to allow inspection, or when leaks occur. CUI is a common problem shared by the refining, petrochemical, power, industrial, onshore and offshore industries.

Nuclear Corrosion: Research, Progress and Challenges, part of the "Green Book" series of the EFC, builds upon the foundations of the very first book published in this series in 1989 ("Number 1 - Corrosion in the Nuclear Industry"). This newest volume provides an overview on state-of-the-art research in some of the most important areas of nuclear corrosion. Chapters covered include aging phenomena in light water reactors, reprocessing plants, nuclear waste disposal, and supercritical water and liquid metal systems. This book will be a vital resource for both researchers and engineers working within the nuclear field in both academic and industrial environments.

Biomaterials for 3D Tumor Modeling reviews the fundamentals and most relevant areas of the latest advances of research of 3D cancer models, focusing on biomaterials science, tissue engineering, drug delivery and screening aspects. The book reviews advanced fundamental topics, including the causes of cancer, existing cancer models, angiogenesis and inflammation during cancer progression, and metastasis in 3D biomaterials. Then, the most relevant biomaterials are reviewed, including methods for engineering and fabrication of biomaterials. 3D models for key biological systems and types of cancer are also discussed, including lung, liver, oral, prostate, pancreatic, ovarian, bone and pediatric cancer. This book is suitable for those working in the disciplines of materials science, biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, drug delivery and regenerative medicine.

Terahertz Biomedical and Healthcare Technologies: Materials to Devices reviews emerging advances in terahertz biomedical and healthcare technologies, including advances in fundamental materials science research, device design and fabrication, applications, and challenges and opportunities for improved performance. In addition, the improvement of materials, optical elements, and measuring techniques are also explored. Other sections cover the design and development of wide bandgap semiconductors for terahertz device applications, including their physics, device modeling, characterization and fabrication concepts. Finally, the book touches on potential defense, medical imaging, internet of things, and the machine learning applications of terahertz technologies.