Obwohl der Gewissenbegriff im Bewusstsein der meisten Medizinethiker durch den Strukturwandel im Gesundheitswesen in den letzten Jahrzehnten erheblich an Bedeutung verloren hat, bahnt sich im Zuge der fortschreitenden Pluralisierung des Wertempfindens in modernen Gesellschaften (nicht zuletzt durch das Wiedererstarken religioes-weltanschaulicher Positionen) eine erneute Diskussion um den Gewissensvorbehalt bei der Erbringung medizinischer Leistungen an. Der vorliegende Band nahert sich der Gewissenthematik bewusst aus interdisziplinarer Perspektive, um die verschiedenen Dimensionen einer Gewissenentscheidung auszuleuchten und die Folgen der fortschreitenden Verrechtlichung und OEkonomisierung fur die Gewissensfreiheit der verschiedenen im Gesundheitswesen tatigen Berufsgruppen kritisch zu reflektieren.

Was konnen die psychologischen und gesellschaftlichen Ursachen von diversen Suchten und Zwangen und Krankheiten sein? Besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem eigenen Menschenbild und unserem Verstandnis von Krankheit und Gesundheit? Was hat Krankheit mit unerfullten Sehnsuchten zu tun? Was bedeutet die Sehnsucht nach dem eigenen Selbst?

Dieses Werk nimmt den Leser mit auf eine Reise zum tieferen Verstandnis von seelischen Ursachen von Suchten, Zwangen und chronischen Erkrankungen. Dabei verbindet der Autor Dr. Otto Teischel eine existenz- und psychoanalytisch verstehende therapeutische mit einer philosophischen Perspektive.

Er verdeutlicht, welche Auswirkungen ungestillte Sehnsuchte, z.B. die Sehnsucht nach Freiheit und Autonomie, auf das korperliche Wohlbefinden haben konnen. Erhellende Erklarungen zu Filmbeispielen mit Szenenfotos, beispielhafte Analysen und Patienten-Falldarstellungen dienen zur Veranschaulichung der Inhalte.

Abgerundet wird das Werk durch das Aufzeigen von Praventions- und Heilungswegen, die verdeutlichen, wie Menschen gesund werden bzw. gesund bleiben konnen.

Zielgruppen sind alle, die mit mehr oder weniger leidenden Menschen arbeiten und sich fur die Zusammenhange von Korper, Seele und Geist interessieren."

This book presents a critical analysis of the debate in Muslim countries at the religious, legal and political level, sparked by the introduction of new biomedical technologies such as cloning, genetics, organ transplants and in vitro fertilisation. The book draws on law, sociology, anthropology, politics and the history of science. For this reason it will be of interest to scholars and operators in a wide variety of disciplines and fields.

This renowned history of intersex in America has been comprehensively updated to reflect recent shifts in attitudes, bioethics, and medical and legal practices. In Bodies in Doubt, Elizabeth Reis traces the changing definitions, perceptions, and medical management of intersex (atypical sex development) in America from the colonial period to the present. Arguing that medical practice must be understood within its broader cultural context, Reis demonstrates how deeply physicians have been influenced by social anxieties about marriage, heterosexuality, and same-sex desire throughout American history In this second edition, Reis adds two new chapters, a new preface, and a revised introduction to assess recent dramatic shifts in attitudes, bioethics, and medical and legal practices. Human rights organizations have declared early genital surgeries a form of torture and abuse, but doctors continue to offer surgical "repair," and parents continue to seek it for their children. While many are hearing the human rights call, controversies persist, and Reis explains why best practices in this field remain fiercely contested.

Can trust be restored by making people and institutions more accountable? Or do complex systems of accountability and control damage trust? Onora O'Neill challenges current approaches, investigates sources of deception in our society and re-examines questions of press freedom. This year's Reith Lectures present a philosopher's view of trust and deception and ask whether and how trust can be restored in modern democracy.

This textbook introduces the reader to basic problems in the philosophy of science and ethics, mainly by means of examples from medicine. It is based on the conviction that philosophy, medical science, medical informatics, and medical ethics are overlapping disciplines. It claims that the philosophical lessons to learn from the twentieth century are not that nature is a 'social construction' and that 'anything goes' with respect to methodological and moral rules. Instead, it claims that there is scientific knowledge, but that it is never completely secure; that there are norms, but that they are situation-bound; and that, therefore, it makes good sense to search for scientific truths and try to act in a morally decent way. Using philosophical catchwords, the authors advocate 'fallibilism' and 'particularism'; a combination that might be called 'pragmatic realism'.

What is the goal of public health promotion today? If the leading causes of mortality are primarily attributable to lifestyle behaviours, is the purpose of research to develop the power to change those behaviours, in the same way that science has been able to control infectious diseases? Or is the quest for effective behaviour modification techniques antithetical to the idea of promoting well-being defined in terms of individual autonomy, dignity and integrity? An Ethic for Health Promotion explores these questions.

This title was first published in 2003. Xenotransplantation - the transplantation of animal organs into humans - poses a fascinating moral dilemma. Should this ability to extend the lives of millions of older people be permitted given that it might trigger a new pandemic similar to AIDS? This study examines the moral dilemma from a combination of humanistic, legalistic, bioethical, economical and technological perspectives. The first part of the book demonstrates that xenografts are the only realistic near-term technological answer to the organ shortage problem. The balance of the book is devoted to assessing whether doctrines such as the 'right to health care' trump the moral and ethical conundrums posed by xenotransplantation. The book concludes with a 'geoethical' solution that proposes authorization of xenotransplantation subject to the prior implementation of a new international organization for epidemiology and basic health care. It also suggests that the costs of operating such an organization could be covered by a global tax on xenografts.

Is it lawful for a doctor to give a patient life-shortening pain relief? Can treatment be lawfully provided to a child under 16 on the basis of her consent alone? Is it lawful to remove food and water provided by tube to a patient in a vegetative state? Is a woman's refusal of a caesarean section recommended for the benefit of the fetus legally decisive? These questions were central to the four focal cases revisited in this book. This book revisits nine landmark cases. For each, a new leading judgment is attributed to an imagined judge, Athena, who operates within the constraints of the legal system of England and Wales. Her judgments accord with an innovative legal theory, referred to as 'modified law as integrity', and are linked as a line of precedent. The result is a re-spinning of extant judicial threads into a web of legal principles with a greater claim to coherence and defensibility than those in the original cases. The book will be of great interest to scholars and students of medical law, criminal law, bioethics, legal theory and moral philosophy.

This book presents an up to date ethical framework for radiological protection in medicine. It is consistent with the requirements of the system of radiation protection and with the expectations of medical ethics. It presents an approach rooted in the medical tradition, and alert to contemporary social expectations. It provides readers with a practical framework against which they can assess the safety and acceptability of medical procedures, including patients' concerns. It will be an invaluable reference for radiologists, radiation oncologists, regulators, medical physicists, technologists, other practitioners, as well as academics, researchers and students of radiation protection in medicine. Features: An authoritative and accessible guide, authored by a team who have contributed to defining the area internationally Includes numerous practical examples/clinical scenarios that illustrate the approach, presenting a pragmatic approach, rather than dwelling on philosophical theories Informed by the latest developments in the thinking of international organizations

When Joseph Murray performed the first successful living kidney donor transplant in 1954, he thought this would be a temporary stopgap. Today, we are no closer to the goal of adequate organ supply without living donors-if anything, the supply-demand ratio is worse. While most research on the ethics of organ transplantation focuses on how to allocate organs as a scarce medical resource, the ethical treatment of organ donors themselves has been relatively neglected. In The Living Organ Donor as Patient: Theory and Practice, Lainie Friedman Ross and J. Richard Thistlethwaite, Jr. argue that living donor organ transplantation can be ethical provided that we treat living solid organ donors as patients in their own right. Ross and Thistlethwaite develop a five-principle framework to examine some of the attempts to increase living donation. It uses the three principles of the Belmont Report: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice modified to organ transplantation, as well as the principles of vulnerability and special relationships creating special obligations. Their approach requires that the transplant community fully embrace current and prospective living organ donors as patients to whom we have special obligations. Only when living organ donors are regarded as patients in their own right and have a living donor advocate team dedicated to their well-being can the moral limits of living solid organ donation be realized and living donors be given the full respect and care they deserve.

This groundbreaking volume is the first to analyze how and to what extent bioethics considerations influence today's judges. Previous books have attended to the law that governs bioethics problems, but this is the first to examine when and how bioethical issues impact judicial reasoning and decision-making. The volume examines the cutting-edge of the relationship of bioethics to law, and explores how law receives, assesses, and uses bioethics.

This timely book analyses and evaluates ethical and social implications of recent developments in reporting surgeon performance. It contains chapters by leading international specialists in philosophy, bioethics, epidemiology, medical administration, surgery, and law, demonstrating the diversity and complexity of debates about this topic, raising considerations of patient autonomy, accountability, justice, and the quality and safety of medical services. Performance information on individual cardiac surgeons has been publicly available in parts of the US for over a decade. Survival rates for individual cardiac surgeons in the UK have recently been released to the public. This trend is being driven by various factors, including concerns about accountability, patients??? rights, quality and safety of medical care, and the need to avoid scandals in medical care. This trend is likely to extend to other countries, to other clinicians, and to professions beyond health care, making this text an essential addition to the literature available.

This volume continues the examination of issues of life and death which F.M. Kamm began in Morality, Mortality, Volume I (1993). Kamm continues her development of a non-consequentialist ethical theory and its application to practical ethical problems. She looks at the distinction between killing and letting die, and between intending and foreseeing, and also at the concepts of rights, prerogatives, and supererogation. She shows that a sophisticated non-consequentialist theory can be modelled which copes convincingly with practical ethical issues, and throws considerable light on some of the key distinctions and concepts of ethical discourse.

While ethics has been addressed in the health care literature, relatively little attention has been paid to the subject in the field of social care. This book redresses the balance by examining theory, research, policy and practice in both fields. The importance of this approach is reflected in the growing emphasis on ethical issues in research and practice and, in Britain, on government policy aimed at improving partnership working across the two sectors. The analysis is set within the context of contemporary challenges facing health and social care, not only in Britain but internationally. Contributors from the UK, US and Australia consider: ethical issues in health and social care research and governance; interprofessional and user perspectives; ethics in relation to human rights, the law, finance, management and provision; key issues of relevance to vulnerable groups, such as children and young people, those with complex disabilities, older people and those with mental health problems; and lifecourse issues - ethical perspectives on a range of challenging areas from new technologies of reproduction to euthanasia.This book is intended for academics, students and researchers in health and social care who need an up-to-date analysis of contemporary issues and debates. It will also be useful to practitioners in the public, private and voluntary sectors, including social workers, community workers, those working in the fields of disability and mental health and with older people.

Palliative Care Within Mental Health: Ethical Practice explores the comprehensive concerns and dilemmas that occur surrounding people experiencing mental health problems and disorders. Working beyond narrow, stereotypical definitions of palliative care as restricted to terminal cancer patients, this balanced and thought-provoking volume examines the many interrelated issues that face the individual, families, and caregivers, setting the groundwork for improved, ethical relationships and interventions. Chapters by experts and experienced practitioners detail the challenges, concerns, and best practices for ethical care and responses in a variety of individual and treatment contexts. This is an essential and thoughtful new resource for all those involved in the fast-developing field of palliative mental health.

Whether, with whom, and when to have children are among the most precious of our private decisions. Increasingly, however, the interest of others in these decisions raise difficult questions about the role of government and health professionals in influencing reproductive choice. Nowhere is this tension felt more keenly than in the context of HIV and AIDS. This book takes on the tough issues related to HIV and childbearing: Is there a moral right to have children? What are the limits of persuasion? Are there constitutional constraints on interference with reproduction? What are the precedents with restricting the childbearing behavior of women who use drugs? The book includes original work by doctors, lawyers, ethicists, and public health professionals. Also included are the experiences of HIV-infected women and their health care providers. Interviews were conducted over a two-year period with HIV-infected women and with health care providers from four cities to examine what issues of childbearing in the context of HIV mean to them. The book is divided into four sections on medical and public health issues, legal issues, ethical and social issues, and comments from the community. It concludes with recommendations for clinical practice and public policy. Public policy makers, health care providers, practitioners in bioethics, pediatrics, health law, and obstetrics/gynecology will find this book invaluable when dealing with issues related to HIV and childbearing.

Susan Sontag once described illness as "the night-side of life." When we or our loved ones fall ill, our world is thrown into darkness and disarray, our routines are interrupted, our deepest beliefs shaken. The modern regime of hyper-logical biomedicine offers little solace when it comes to the effects of ill health on our inner lives. By exploring the role of desire in illness, Eros and Illness offers an alternative: an unconventional, deeply human exploration of what it means to live with, and live through, disease. When we face down illness, something beyond biomedicine's extremely valuable advances in treatment and prevention is sorely needed. Desire in its many guises plays a crucial part in illness, David Morris shows. Emotions, dreams, and stories-even romance and eroticism-shape our experiences as patients and as caregivers. Our perception of the world we enter through illness-including too often a world of pain-is shaped by desire. Writing from his own heartbreaking experience as a caretaker for his wife, Morris relates how desire can worsen or, with care, mitigate the heavy weight of disease. He looks to myths, memoirs, paintings, performances, and narratives to understand how illness is intertwined with the things we value most dearly. Drawing on cultural resources from many centuries and media, Eros and Illness reaches out a hand to guide us through the long night of illness, showing us how to find productive desire where we expected only despair and defeat.

The genie is out of the bottle. A whole new world of genetics research is underway with its exciting potential for a better understanding of heredity and genetically inherited disease, with opportunities for prevention, management and cure. But the current explosion of human genetic information has the potential for abuse also, for damage to rights, privacy and fair treatment for individuals and vulnerable groups. This book brings us up to date with important contributions from the authoritative "Encyclopaedia of the Human Genome" on the urgent social, legal and ethical aspects of the Human Genome enterprise, accessibly written and introduced for the undergraduate, postgraduate and general reader.

Life sciences have huge controversial social implications. In doing experiments with animals, plants or humans the welfare of these living beings can be hampered; in communicating research results private and public interests can be harmed (patents ) or at least severely influenced; in being a member of a research group issues of human rights (like discriminatory behaviour) can become prominent; individual and collective forms of responsibility because of controversial types of research can become urgent.

Funding organizations can confront scientists and engineers with new ethical issues; the public at large or, as is the case with sustainability, future generations can challenge existing ways of doing research, and educating and teaching can confront scientists with new ethical issues.

In this book, resulting from an expert workshop at Wageningen University and Research Centre, European and American experts discuss topics and theories like the relationship between ethics, professional ethics and business ethics, the public responsibility of researchers and communicating, organizing, teaching and discussing ethical issues.

Is inheritable genetic modification the new dividing line in gene therapy? The editors of this searching investigation, representing clinical medicine, public health and biomedical ethics, have established a distinguished team of scientists and scholars to address the issues from the perspectives of biological and social science, law and ethics, including an intriguing Foreword from Peter Singer. Their purpose is to consider how society might deal with the ethical concerns raised by inheritable genetic modification, and to re-examine prevailing views about whether these procedures will ever be ethically and socially justifiable. The book also provides background to define the field, and discusses the biological and technological potential for inheritable genetic modification, its limitations, and its connection with gene therapy, cloning, and other reproductive interventions. For scientists, bioethicists, clinicians, counsellors and public commentators, this is an essential contribution to one of the critical debates in current genetics.

What is wrong with selecting and implanting a deaf embryo? What are 'designer babies' and why can't we choose to have them? Is there a right to know one's genetic origins? Should we allow a market in transplant organs? Are doctors justified in refusing to perform treatments on conscientious grounds? These and many other diverse questions are considered in this collection of essays on cutting-edge topics in medical ethics. Leading philosophers give in-depth accounts of some of the most pressing questions and challenge our most basic assumptions in this area of academic as well as public interest. Provocative and original, the contributions to this volume are bound to change the way we think about medical ethics.

Public Health Policy and Ethics brings together philosophers and practitioners to address the foundations and principles upon which public health policy may be advanced. What is the basis that justifies public health in the first place? Why should individuals be disadvantaged for the sake of the group? How do policy concerns and clinical practice work together and work against each other? Can the boundaries of public health be extended to include social ills that are amenable to group-dynamic solutions? These are some of the crucial questions that form the core of this volume of original essays sure to cause practitioners to engage in a critical re-evaluation of the role of ethics in public health policy.

This volume is unique because of its philosophical approach. It develops a theoretical basis for public health and then examines cutting-edge issues of practice that include social and political issues of public health. In this way the book extends the usual purview of public health. Public Health Policy and Ethics is of interest to those working in public health policy, ethics and social philosophy. It may be used as a textbook for courses on public health policy and ethics, medical ethics, social philosophy and applied or public philosophy.

The perfect textbook for healthcare students who want a fresh, innovative way to understand how law and ethics relate to their studies, placements, and professional practice. By using a unique format made up of frequently asked questions and corresponding answers, Key Questions in Healthcare covers the what, why, where and how in legal and ethical issues related to healthcare. Its easy-to-use layout helps you quickly find informative yet straightforward answers to over 150 questions, helping you to feel confident in your legal and ethical knowledge, without leaving you overwhelmed or confused. All answers are written in-line with Nursing and Healthcare regulations and its conversational writing style will make you feel like you are talking with a lecturer, instructor, or knowledgeable colleague, rather than reading a textbook. The book is appropriate for all levels, from healthcare students in the initial stages of their education, to the advanced practitioner who wishes to refresh their knowledge, or maybe learn something new.

Global health is at a crossroads. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has come with ambitious targets for health and health services worldwide. To reach these targets, many more billions of dollars need to be spent on health. However, development assistance for health has plateaued and domestic funding on health in most countries is growing at rates too low to close the financing gap. National and international decision-makers face tough choices about how scarce health care resources should be spent. Should additional funds be spent on primary prevention of stroke, treating childhood cancer, or expanding treatment for HIV/AIDS? Should health coverage decisions take into account the effects of illness on productivity, household finances, and children's educational attainment, or just focus on health outcomes? Does age matter for priority setting or should it be ignored? Are health gains far in the future less important than gains in the present? Should higher priority be given to people who are sicker or poorer? Global Health Priority-Setting provides a framework for how to think about evidence-based priority-setting in health. Over 18 chapters, ethicists, philosophers, economists, policy-makers, and clinicians from around the world assess the state of current practice in national and global priority setting, describe new tools and methodologies to address establishing global health priorities, and tackle the most important ethical questions that decision-makers must consider in allocating health resources.