Mining activities may result in rock mass deterioration and instability that may lead to failure both in underground and open pit mines. Such deterioration represents a safety risk and may result in substantial financial losses. Rock mass response may lead to ground subsidence, fall of ground/caving, inundation, pillar collapse, seismic activities and slope and tailings dam instability. Each response is preceded by warning signs and precursors, which are identified in this book, with a view to providing guidelines for prediction and amelioration of damage to mining structures. Furthermore, case studies of both large scale ground deterioration leading to collapse and geotechnical mine disasters are presented. Identifying risks and monitoring geotechnical precursors and warning signs allows for safe and productive mining.

The hands of Cornish miners bore scars of one of the most sophisticated traditions of hard-rock mining in the world. Toughened "Cousin Jacks" brought generations of toilsome underground experience to the Americas from one of the oldest mining regions of the world. Once here, their skill with granite and ore won their fame as the industrial elite of western mining camps. Heirs of a perfected system of excavation, a valuable terminology, and the technical edge of a culture immersed in sinkings, stopes, and winzes, they were the world's best hard-rock miners. Pioneers in American mine operation, Cornish miners utilized tribute pay to raise output and made themselves partners with a grueling industry. Expertise made them company men, superintendents, captains, and drillers, with their success dependent almost entirely on their own initiative, coolness, and skill. They are part of a culture that has survived because its very roughness gave a resilience and durability that could be transplanted and take root in an alien soil. The courage and determination of these "Cousin Jacks" in their struggle against overwhelming odds is dramatically illustrated in numerous personal stories. The Atlantic crossing, and the journey overland to the new mining districts, were exhausting trials. Although their skill in working with rock and water was soon recognized, the extremes of weather and temperature, strange sicknesses, the constant danger of accidents, and the lawlessness of the camps, all made life hard to endure. Many did not survive to send home for their families, yet the majority persevered to spread their legendary mining skills and to bring social as well as religious stability to mining areas that extended from Wisconsin to California. In the continent-wide search for bonanzas, Cornish miners and their families played a vital part in the opening-up of the American West, and in the shaping of modern industrial America. The author follows them across the Atlantic to the lead mines and farms of Wisconsin, along the trails to Oregon and Death Valley, the Sierras and the Sacramento in California, then to the copper and iron ranges in the Hiawatha country of Upper Michigan; from there to the silver and gold canyons of the Rockies and the notorious Comstock Lode in Nevada, and finally to the deserts of Utah, Idaho, and Arizona. Originally published in 1967, this new edition contains an updated introduction by Dr. Todd. With extensive footnotes and index, handsomely printed on acid-free paper stock with cloth cover which is stamped in gold foil on the spine and cover.

While the histories of gold, silver, and copper mining and smelting are well studied, lead has not received much scholarly attention despite a long history of both Native American and European desire for the ore. Over time, native peoples made lead ornaments in molds; French and American settlers used lead to form musket balls; red lead became an important production element for flint and crystal production; and white lead was used in making paint until the mid-twentieth century. Gray Gold aims to broaden understandings of early colonial and Native American history by turning attention to the ways that mining-and its scientific, technological, economic, cultural, and environmental features-shaped intercultural interactions and developments in the New World. Backed by remarkable original sources such as firsthand mining accounts, letters, and surveys, Mark Chambers's study demonstrates how early mining techniques affected the culture clash between Native Americans and Europeans all the while tracking the impact increased mining had on the environment of what would become the states of Illinois and Missouri. Chambers traces the evolution of lead mining and smelting technology through pre-contact America, to the amalgamation of aboriginal processes with French colonial development, through Spain's short occupation to the Louisiana Purchase and ultimately the technology transfer from Europe to an efficient and year-round standard of practice after American assumption. Additionally, while slavery in early American industry has been touched on in iron manufacturing and coal mining scholarship, the lead mining context sheds new light on the history of that grievous institution. Gray Gold adds significantly to the understanding of lead mining and the economic and industrial history of the United States. Chambers makes important contributions to the fields of United States history, Native American and frontier history, mining and environmental history, and the history of science and technology.

The analysis of well tests constitutes one of the most powerful tools for the effective description of a petroleum reservoir and its subsequent management. This requires that the well test be placed in the proper context of related disciplines, especially geoscience, production and reservoir engineering. Modern methods of automated data processing can conceal mathematical limitations and overlook the need for realistic physical and geologic models. This book emphasizes the plausible physical contexts and mathematical models and limitations, and also the importance of realistic geologic models in analysis.Although the book is clearly targeted at petroleum engineers, the approach taken by the authors will no doubt find favour with practitioners in other areas of fluid flow in porous media, such as hydrology and the flow of pollutants. Scattered throughout the book are worked examples of the use of the methods described in the text. It also contains extensive appendices on permeability, application of Laplace transforms to flow equations valid for single and multi-layered systems, convolution and deconvolution, dimensionless parameters and P-theorems, and physical and thermodynamic properties of gases. This book should appeal to students as well as practitioners in industry; many in the latter group may have benefited before from formal exposure to the underlying theory and its limitations in real reservoir environments.

Re-imagine the Future of Tailings Nearly every recent article on tailings starts by mentioning a large tailings dam failure. The consequences of these failures have been so devastating they have pushed conversations about the risks inherent in these structures beyond the mining community into the general population. We are left to question how we address the risks associated with tailings disposal, and in so doing, transform the image of the mining industry and perhaps the industry itself. With this as a backdrop, the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (SME) challenged tailings and mining professionals to re-imagine the future of tailings. The Mine Tailings: Perspectives for a Changing World symposium, held at the SME 2020 annual conference, started that conversation. Over three days, tailings professionals from around the world gathered to discuss tailings storage practices and the changes both the industry and the world want and need. The discussions squarely focused on how we, as an industry, can collectively make changes that will eliminate catastrophic tailings dam failures and lead to better outcomes for the industry and society. Through sharing and conversation, the symposium participants recognized risks associated with our approach to tailings management and existing structures and discussed the gaps that need to be addressed, including how the behavior of tailings and mining professionals must change. The human element of risk must be recognized so it can be talked about openly, given the attention it deserves, and adequately addressed. We need to own this problem and the impact of our actions. We have the power to change this; when we own our actions, we can act differently for a different outcome.

With over 100,000 copies sold, the new 4th edition joins this series to provide the most complete upstream petroleum guide for students and professionals. Dr. Norman Hyne guides you through the upstream segment of the value supply chain. Commonly used in universities, this easy-to-read and interpret book provides insight into the nature of gas and oil production explaining how it occurs in the earth, how to find it, how to drill for it, how to read well logs for evaluating the well, how to complete a well, how to produce gas and oil, and how to revive mature fields. He also introduces you to newer concepts such as drilling unconventional shale reservoirs which have revolutionized the industry and changed the world market. Features and Benefits New, colored figures and plates Present-date statistics Modern techniques and equipment A glossary of need-to-know industry terms Italicized key words and phrases in the text

Since the start of colonial gold mining in the early 1920s, the Biangai villagers of Elauru and Winima in Papua New Guinea have moved away from planting yams and other subsistence foods to instead cultivating coffee and other cash crops and dishing for tradable flakes of gold. Decades of industrial gold mining, land development, conservation efforts, and biological research have wrought transformations in the landscape and entwined traditional Biangai gardening practices with Western capital, disrupting the relationship between place and person and the social reproduction of a community. Drawing from extensive ethnographic research, Jamon Halvaksz examines the role of place in informing indigenous relationships with conservation and development. How do Biangai make meaning with the physical world? Collapsing Western distinctions between self and an earthly other, Halvaksz shows us it is a sense of place-grounded in productive relationships between nature and culture-that connects Biangai to one another as "placepersons" and enables them to navigate global forces amid changing local and regional economies. Centering local responses along the frontiers of resource extraction, Gardens of Gold contributes to our understanding of how neoliberal economic practices intervene in place-based economies and identities.

Perfect for senior undergraduates and first-year graduate students in geophysics, physics, mathematics, geology and engineering, this book is devoted exclusively to seismic wave theory. The result is an invaluable teaching tool, with its detailed derivations of formulas, clear explanations of topics, exercises along with selected answers, and an additional set of exercises with derived answers on the book's website. Some highlights of the text include: a review of vector calculus and Fourier transforms and an introduction to tensors, which prepare readers for the chapters to come; and a detailed discussion on computing reflection and transmission coefficients, a topic of wide interest in the field; a discussion in later chapters of plane waves in anisotropic and anelastic media, which serves as a useful introduction to these two areas of current research in geophysics. Students will learn to understand seismic wave theory through the book's clear and concise pedagogy.

This volume provides an international forum for the exchange of the latest and most up-to-date designs for multiphase flow. The development for marginal offshore oil and gas discoveries and/or land-based fields in remote locations have led to significant research aimed at improving our understanding of this complex technology. Better design methods have been developed, not only for transporting multiphase hydrocarbon fluids over long distances, but also for pumping, metering, and processing equipment. Pressure on minimising costs and need to develop smaller, deeper, and more remote fields have continued to spur the application of multiphase technology. However, the uncertainty of adopting new technology will only be overcome with knowledge and expertise, by field use, or by force of circumstances, where it is seen to be the only viable method. From research to products, this book brings together contributions from experts who shape the way the technology is developed. Topics covered include: flow modelling; oil-water flow modelling; slug modelling; field applications in multiphase modelling; multiphase metering; multiphase equipment; flow assurance. This work provides the reader with the opportunity to determine how and when the technology can and should be employed in the filed, the engineer must understand what the technology can actually achieve, its limitations, and how these are being mitigated or overcome. BHR Group is a leading independent centre of expertise in engineering with fluids which has performed contract research. development, and consultancy for international clients since 1947. BHR Group serves the water, power, process, and offshore industries and is increasingly active in the water sector, following its privatisation. Our problem-solving addresses applications including: pumping, sealing, mixing and contacting, valves, pigging, pipe protection, and multiphase flow. Current projects yielding significant cost benefits include in-pipe water treatment, slurry characterisation and transport, and pump scheduling. BHR Group transfer information and technology to a wide range of industries through single-sponsor projects, multi-client consortia, training seminars, and BHRA Technical Information Services.

Guidelines for Evaluating Water in Pit Slope Stability is a comprehensive account of the hydrogeological procedures that should be followed when performing open pit slope stability design studies. Created as an outcome of the Large Open Pit (LOP) project, an international research and technology transfer project on the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines, this book expands on the hydrogeological model chapter in the LOP project s previous book "Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design" (Read & Stacey, 2009; CSIRO Publishing/CRC Press).

The book comprises six sections which outline the latest technology and best practice procedures for hydrogeological investigations. The sections cover: the framework used to assess the effect of water in slope stability; how water pressures are measured and tested in the field; how a conceptual hydrogeological model is prepared; how water pressures are modelled numerically; how slope depressurisation systems are implemented; and how the performance of a slope depressurisation program is monitored and reconciled with the design. "

Guidelines for Evaluating Water in Pit Slope Stability" offers slope design practitioners with a road map that that will help them decide how to investigate and treat water pressures in pit slopes. It provides guidance and essential information for mining and civil engineers, geotechnical engineers, engineering geologists and hydrogeologists involved in the investigation, design and construction of stable rock slopes."

Since the beginning of the US shale gas revolution in 2005, the development of unconventional oil and gas resources has gathered tremendous pace around the world. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the key geologic, geophysical, and engineering principles that govern the development of unconventional reservoirs. The book begins with a detailed characterization of unconventional reservoir rocks: their composition and microstructure, mechanical properties, and the processes controlling fault slip and fluid flow. A discussion of geomechanical principles follows, including the state of stress, pore pressure, and the importance of fractures and faults. After reviewing the fundamentals of horizontal drilling, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, and stimulation of slip on pre-existing faults, the key factors impacting hydrocarbon production are explored. The final chapters cover environmental impacts and how to mitigate hazards associated with induced seismicity. This text provides an essential overview for students, researchers, and industry professionals interested in unconventional reservoirs.

Von allen geophysikalischen Prospektionsmethoden ist, was die erreichbare Genauigkeit und die Vielfalt der Anwendungsgebiete betrifft, die Laufzeit- seismik die bedeutendste. Neben den sich speziell in Geophysik ausbildenden Studierenden sind es daher vor allem die Geologiestundenten, fur die es von grossem Interesse ist, in Vorlesungen und UEbungen mit den Auswertungs- methoden der Laufzeitseismik vertraut gemacht zu werden. Das vorliegende Werk soll dabei als Lehr-und Hilfsbuch dienen. Die noetigen mathematischen Vorkenntnisse sind in 111 A prazisiert und koennen bei den Geologiestudenten vorausgesetzt werden. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass das Buch auch von den angehenden Physikern, Vermessungsingenieuren und andern an ange- wandter Geophysik interessierten Studierenden als Lehrmittel und von den in der seismischen Praxis Tatigen als Leitfaden und Hilfsbuch benutzt werden kann. Das Buch besteht aus den funf verschiedenartigen Teilen I bis V: Teil I befasst sich mit einigen grundlegenden Gesichtspunkten und Begriffen, die allgemein die Auswertungsverfahren der geophysikalischen Prospektion betreffen. Teil 11 ist der Hauptteil des Buches. 11 A handelt von den fur die Lauf- zeitseismik massgebenden elastischen Eigenschaften der geologischen Koerper. 11 B fuhrt in die Grundbegriffe der Laufzeitseismik ein. In den Kapiteln 11 C bis 11 L sind die wichtigsten, den Aufbau des Untergrundes betreffenden einfachen Modellfalle behandelt. So wird in 11 C der Untergrund als isotroper, homogener Koerper, in 11 D als aus zwei solchen Koerpern bestehend vorausgesetzt usw. In 11 L schliesslich ist der Untergrund als einachsig anisotroper Koerper angenommen.

The seismic ambient field allows us to study interactions between the atmosphere, the oceans and the solid Earth. The theoretical understanding of seismic ambient noise has improved substantially in the last decades, and the number of its applications has increased dramatically. With chapters written by eminent scientists from the field, this book covers a range of topics including ambient noise observations, generation models of their physical origins, numerical modelling and processing methods. The later chapters focus on applications in imaging and monitoring the internal structure of the Earth, including interferometry for time-dependant imaging and tomography. This volume thus provides a comprehensive overview of this cutting-edge discipline for graduate students studying geophysics and for scientists working in seismology and other imaging sciences.

The total environment in which mining takes place is the result of many physical, regional and circumstantial conditions. This is a 1986 text which deals with the assessment and control of these conditions, providing a source of ready reference for engineers and advanced students studying the mining environment. With the need for greater economy in the extraction of minerals, the search for deposits of minerals, increasing mining legislation and pressure from environmental groups, the study of mining engineering is becoming increasingly important. This book relates the mining environment to both the efficiency and safety of the production process, and to the physiological and psychological effects on personnel and the public. Each element of the environment - gas, dust, radiation, heat, water and noise - is considered in relation to its accompanying hazards, its sources, detection, and control measures, resulting in a detailed text for the study of the design, operation and maintenance of mines.

This carefully targeted and rigorous new textbook introduces engineering students to the fundamental principles of applied Earth science, highlighting how modern soil and rock mechanics, geomorphology, hydrogeology, seismology and environmental geochemistry affect geotechnical and environmental practice. Key geological topics of engineering relevance including soils and sediments, rocks, groundwater, and geologic hazards are presented in an accessible and engaging way. A broad range of international case studies add real-world context, and demonstrate practical applications in field and laboratory settings to guide site characterization. End-of-chapter problems are included for self-study and evaluation, and supplementary online materials include electronic figures, additional examples, solutions, and guidance on useful software. Featuring a detailed glossary introducing key terminology, this text requires no prior geological training and is essential reading for senior undergraduate or graduate students in civil, geological, geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering. It is also a useful reference and bridge for Earth science graduates embarking on engineering geology courses.