Europe is in a period of rapid transition. The Single European Market has been completed, and many barriers to the free mvoement of goods, services, labour and capital have been removed. However the moves towards deeper European union, with full monetary union by 1999, have proved more problematic. Outside the EU, the collapse of communism has added more countries to the queue of EFTA nations applying for EU membership. This book, based on articles originally published in Economics and business Education which are here extensively revised and updated, takes a timely look at the European economy. Lively and accessible throughout, the book will be compelling reading for introductory students of economics.

This title was first published in 2002: This is a unique volume among the existing variety of publications on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) because it focuses on the internationalization process taking place there. It addresses the rapid changes of the business climate in the region that have led to intensive internationalization of companies, businesses and national economies. Existing FDI books have mostly taken the perspective of attracting inward FDI flows, missing the aspect of FDI outflows from CEE countries. While foreign investors face the specific context of a region that poses new requirements to their internationalization strategies, approaches and practices, domestic companies must strive to make their businesses international. Consequently, the book presents the features of internationalization in CEE from home and host company and country perspectives, providing a fresh perspective on this major economic problem.

Originally published in 1930, the essays in this book discuss some of the leading financial controversies of the early 1930s in non-technical language. Rationalisation, the Gold Standard and the problems of currency and credit in their relation to unemployment are among the questions discussed. The volume as a whole is a plea at once for a revision of the (then) current banking policy and for a more energetic effort by the Government to break into the vicious circle of unemployment and under-consumption.

As a result of the liberalization of the 1980s, the financial system has acquired a prominent role in developing economies. It is now conventional wisdom that financial liberalization' is the means to stimulate economic development.
Investment Finance in Economic Development challenges this assumption and offers an alternative view. The book presents a post-Keynesian approach to the role of banks, financial markets and savings in economic development. It departs from the conventional belief that financial institutions are mere intermediaries between savers and investors, to show that banks have a key, active role in the process of investment finance and growth. Further, financial markets, as the loci of allocation of financial savings, are shown to have an important role in supporting financial stability during the process of growth.

This title was first published in 2001. John Kirton, Joseph Daniels and Andreas Freytag present an indispensable and authoritative collection of papers which examine both the professional economic merits and the underlying politics, of the hotly contested competing initiatives for strengthening the international financial system. Containing the first treatment of China's relationship with the G7/G8 and comprehensive analysis of the new G20 forum, this volume in the G8 and Global Governance series also looks at the possibilities for the G8 system. It places the work of the G7 within a broader context of global governance and the new challenges facing the international community in the new century. A balanced selection of distinguished experts from the G7 countries and from emerging markets outside, provide an essential addition to the bookshelves of academics, government officials and business and media communities interested in keeping abreast of the ongoing and rapidly expanding work of the G7/G8 system.

This title was first published in 2002.Banking reform lies at the heart of economic reform in China and is central to sustaining the countries high economic growth. This timely book covers an important economic policy issue in China, namely the existing and potential roles of the financial sector in the development of the Chinese economy. It explores for the first time the relationship between the reforms of the financial sector, of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and of the social welfare system. Donald D. Tong presents a wealth of valuable data accompanied by original insights and interpretations. The author also examines the original estimates of the cost of the social welfare burden given that social services such as old age pension, housing, healthcare and education are provided by the SOEs rather than by the private or public sector directly.

This title was first published in 2001. Containing a wide array of intellectual perspectives, this illuminating text takes an authoritative look at the rules, decision-making procedures and organizational resources at the heart of the institutions of global governance and provides a much-needed Asian perspective on key issues, dealing with new questions raised at the Okinawa summit. Particularly suitable for graduate courses in political science, international political economy, international organizations, corporate strategy and international business, as well as having implications for the public policy community.

This title was first published in 2002: As the twenty-first century began, it was easy to assume that the reforms to the international financial system undertaken in the last half of the 1990s were adequate to the core tasks of ensuring stability, sustained growth and broadly shared benefits in the world economy. That comfortable consensus has now been shattered. This volume critically assesses fundamental issues including: -the elements and adequacy of recent G7-led efforts at international financial reform -current causes of and prospects for growth in the new global economy -the challenges of crisis prevention -private sector participation and IFI responsibilities -the world's monetary supply and sovereignty in the face of market forces. These key topics are examined by leading economists and scholars of political economy from both academic and policy communities in G7 countries, making it an essential addition to the collections of all those concerned with the challenges facing the world economy in the coming years.

This text investigates the determinants of exchange rates and evaluates the main options for policy-makers in limiting exchange rate fluctuations. It draws on the empirical evidence of the experiences of the G7 countries over the last two decades to conclude that co-ordination of monetary policies is the best way to manage exchange rates. Foreign exchange intervention in markets appears to be effective within currency blocs like the European Monetary System but not on the major exchange rates. It argues that capital/foreign exchange controls become ineffective in the long term and are not critical to the stability of exchange rate systems. The book provides empirical evidence supporting a unified theory of determination for the two main exchange rates.

The introduction of a single currency within the European Union in its present form is without precedent in world history and will have far-reaching consequences for the future prosperity of the continent.Economic and Monetary Union in Europe brings together contributions from leading specialists which explain and evaluate the most important implications of economic and monetary union. The book examines theoretical aspects of monetary integration, illustrates the historical lessons to be learned from these and discusses the resulting policy consequences. This book will be essential reading for undergraduates studying European monetary integration and will prove to be a key source of reference for academics and post graduates working in this area.

This title was first published in 2002: From Individualism to the Individual treats finance as a social and cultural process, exploring the unseen side of academic discourse and the many obstacles the deeply entrenched elite puts in the way of alternative thinking. Opening with a detailed discussion of the role of ideology in the perpetuation of the limited methodological bias of the profession toward markets, the book then examines the more specific effects of such ideological limitations on theoretical and empirical research in finance. The authors develop alternative ways to examine finance both as a profession and as a field of inquiry. This book will be of particular value to researchers and practitioners working in finance, as well as those in other social science disciplines whose research relates to finance, culture and society.

First published in 1989, The Economics of the Swap Market looks at how the swap has become a commonplace tool for corporations throughout the OECD world to 'lock-in' interest rates on their borrowing. The aim of The Economics of the Swap Market, is to contribute to a redressing of the balance. Subjects covered include both those conventionally falling within the scope of micro-economics and of macroeconomics, beginning with an examination of the forces behind the take-off the swap market and a formal setting out of key arbitrage relationships which hold in equilibrium between the swap markets on international capital flow.

This text examines money, credit, and economic activity in the increasingly integrated global economy. It focuses on the problems afflicting the United States as it adapts to the transformation of the world economy.

First Published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an Informa company.

This title was first published in 2002. This compelling text provides fresh insight into an area that is often touched upon, but rarely examined in any great detail - the relationship between Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) and their host governments. Taking Japanese Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) strategy, arguably the model of FDI, Young-Chan Kim takes a revealing look at why the United Kingdom (UK) has dominated among the EU member states for FDI destination, while ironically losing its nationalized car manufacturers. Scholars of business history, international business and business economics will find this work invaluable.

Acclaimed by Joseph Schumpeter as 'The greatest economist the United States has ever produced', this book examines the life and work of American economist and statistician Irving Fisher (1867-1947). Fisher's reputation suffered for decades after his incorrect predictions for the stock market in October 1929 and the impact of Keynesian macroeconomics, but the importance of his work came to be recognized through the advocacy of many prestigious scholars including Milton Friedman, Hyman Minsky and James Tobin. With pivotal contributions including his Debt-Deflation Theory, Fisher Diagram and Ideal Index Number, his research in neoclassical economics influenced policymaking in his own day as well as during the recent financial crisis. This volume will be of interest to all those interested in the twentieth century transformation of economics.

To complement current work on the British domestic economy in the post-war period it is necessary to examine external economic policy. Whilst considerable work has been done on Britain's relations with Europe and with America, the complexities of the sterling area have remained obscure. This volume makes a significant contribution to unravelling the strands of British external economic policy in the post-war period.

As a fundamental review and critique of activist economic policies, this book is a unique contribution to classical political economy. "Monetary Policy and Macroeconomic Stabilization" is about macroeconomic stabilization policy, with emphasis on the value of a distinct national monetary policy to growth. Ole Bjorn Roste's argument is for public officials to restrain themselves in the pursuit of policy. As the author notes: when you know less, you should do less.The history of modern macroeconomics started in 1936 with the publication of Keynes' "General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money". The problems of the Great depression of the 1930s paved the way for a change of focus, from the long run to economic fluctuations in the short run, and from nominal to real variables, such as unemployment and aggregate output.Keynes offered clear policy implications in tune with the times. Because economic adjustment was slow, waiting for the economy to recover by itself was irresponsible. Particularly fiscal policy was essential to return to high employment. Monetary policy could affect aggregate demand through Interest rates, but was less important. Roste discusses the role of monetary policy, starting out with the implications of the theory of optimum currency areas (OCAs). This is followed by estimates of the output loss associated with disinflation policy (the sacrifice ratio) for six OECD economies. Further, Roste models the dynamic adjustment to negative, local labor-market shocks, with particular relevance to Scandinavia, in a final section.The idea that governments should pursue stabilizing fiscal or monetary policies with regard to real variables is often taken for granted by the public, if not by economists. Among the reasons for skepticism, is the presence of differing views on how economies really work, that the state of a given economy becomes known only after a time lag, and that economic agents react to policy and expectations of policy. For these reasons, the effects of policy are generally uncertain. This book explains why the role of history is critical to the study of macroeconomics.p>

This text examines money, credit, and economic activity in the increasingly integrated global economy. It focuses on the problems afflicting the United States as it adapts to the transformation of the world economy and analyzes.

This second edition of an already widely-used textbook presents an up-to-date analysis of the roles played by financial institutions and markets in the working of the UK economy. For the second edition Professor Bain has updated all empirical material as well as addressing the internationalization of capital markets and monetary policy and the increasing competition between banks in the light of technological advances.

The introduction provides an overview of the system, and the following sections deal with the theory of the financial system - including the factors governing interest rates in Britain - the saving, investment and financial behavior of the main sectors of the economy, the modes of operation of the financial institutions and markets, and the regulatory system. The final chapter examines the efficiency with which the system fulfils its functions in the economy, reaching a mixed verdict.

The book assumes only a basic grounding in economics and will be widely recommended to students of macroeconomics, monetary economics and finance. This second edition of an already widely-used textbook presents an up-to-date analysis of the roles played by financial institutions and markets in the working of the UK economy. For the second edition Professor Bain has updated all empirical material as well as addressing the internationalization of capital markets and monetary policy and the increasing competition between banks in the light of technological advances.

This book presents a detailed history of money from Charlemagne's reform in approximately AD 800 to the end of the Silver Wars in 1896. It also offers a summary of 20th century events and an analysis of how the past relates to present problems. The book examines how virtually all modern difficulties associated with money have had precedents in the past. It discusses how a mercantile system developed alongside simple, metallic, medieval coinage, in a way which has important lessons for the countries now emerging from central planning. It covers the great periods of monetary disputes, Henry VIII and Sir Thomas Gresham, Isaac Newton's Great Recoinage of 1696, Ricardo and the Bullion Committee Report, the battle between the Banking and Currency schools, and the much neglected but increasingly relevant issues of bimetallism and European monetary union in the late 19th century. The authors have also published "Tax Efficient Foreign Exchange Management" (Cambridge, 1990); "Offshore Financial Centres" (Chown Banker Research Uint, 1981); and "Taxation and Multinational Enterprise" (Longman, 1974).

In the early post-Soviet period, Ukraine appeared to be firmly on the path to democracy. But the Kuchma presidency was clouded by dark rumors of corruption and even political murder, and, by 2004, the country was in full-blown political crisis. This book looks beyond these dramatic events and aims to identify the actual play of power in Ukraine.

First Published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an Informa company.

This title was first published in 2003. Among the major challenges transition economies are facing is how to cope with globalization. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has proved the most dynamic (defensive and offensive) response, as an integration and network tool, yet outward FDI has so far been overlooked in research. The vitality of outward FDI as an entry mode to the global economy is discussed in this authoritative volume from various angles, beginning with the context of the development strategy and the transition process. The experiences of the Slovene way of internationalization are compared with those of other transition economies. Readers will learn about the size, geographical distribution, trends and sectoral allocation of such outward FDI (OFDI) as well as the major motives, barriers and problems. The book also responds to questions about the extent to which outward FDI is instrumental in development/transition, EU accession and competitiveness strengthening. Based on extensive empirical research and focused case studies, the volume provides valuable lessons for other EU candidate countries and transition economies, while managerial experiences in entering Central and Eastern European markets offer universal internationalization lessons.

Volume II of this book grew out of the author's work as an economist for the U.S. Congress on the staff of the House Banking Committee under Chairman Wright Patman and his successor, Chairman Henry Reuss; as an analyst for the Congressional Budget Office; and as finance economist for the House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Telecommunications, Consumer Protection and Finance. It is a re-examination of the validity of traditional concerns in order to establish the Context for congressional actions to modify the existing regulatory and structural framework.