This book investigates the nature of generalization in language and examines how language is known by adults and acquired by children. It looks at how and why constructions are learned, the relation between their forms and functions, and how cross-linguistic and language-internal
generalizations about them can be explained.
Constructions at Work is divided into three parts: in the first Professor Goldberg provides an overview of constructionist approaches, including the constructionist approach to argument structure, and argues for a usage-based model of grammar. In Part II she addresses issues concerning how
generalizations are constrained and constructional generalizations are learned. In Part III the author shows that a combination of function and processing accounts for a wide range of language-internal and cross-linguistic generalizations. She then considers the degree to which the function of
constructions explains their distribution and examines cross-linguistic tendencies in argument realization. She demonstrates that pragmatic and cognitive processes account for the data without appeal to stipulations that are language-specific.
This book is an important contribution to the study of how language operates in the mind and in the world and how these operations relate. It is of central interest for scholars and graduate-level students in all branches of theoretical linguistics and psycholinguistics. It will also appeal to
cognitive scientists and philosophers concerned with language and its acquisition.

This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in research and applications of Foundation Models and is intended for readers familiar with basic Natural Language Processing (NLP) concepts.  Over the recent years, a revolutionary new paradigm has been developed for training models for NLP. These models are first pre-trained on large collections of text documents to acquire general syntactic knowledge and semantic information. Then, they are fine-tuned for specific tasks, which they can often solve with superhuman accuracy. When the models are large enough, they can be instructed by prompts to solve new tasks without any fine-tuning. Moreover, they can be applied to a wide range of different media and problem domains, ranging from image and video processing to robot control learning. Because they provide a blueprint for solving many tasks in artificial intelligence, they have been called Foundation Models.  After a brief introduction to basic NLP models the main pre-trained language models BERT, GPT and sequence-to-sequence transformer are described, as well as the concepts of self-attention and context-sensitive embedding. Then, different approaches to improving these models are discussed, such as expanding the pre-training criteria, increasing the length of input texts, or including extra knowledge. An overview of the best-performing models for about twenty application areas is then presented, e.g., question answering, translation, story generation, dialog systems, generating images from text, etc. For each application area, the strengths and weaknesses of current models are discussed, and an outlook on further developments is given. In addition, links are provided to freely available program code. A concluding chapter summarizes the economic opportunities, mitigation of risks, and potential developments of AI.

The communication field is evolving rapidly in order to keep up with society's demands. As such, it becomes imperative to research and report recent advancements in computational intelligence as it applies to communication networks. The Handbook of Research on Recent Developments in Intelligent Communication Application is a pivotal reference source for the latest developments on emerging data communication applications. Featuring extensive coverage across a range of relevant perspectives and topics, such as satellite communication, cognitive radio networks, and wireless sensor networks, this book is ideally designed for engineers, professionals, practitioners, upper-level students, and academics seeking current information on emerging communication networking trends.

Language-that is, oral or written content that references abstract concepts in subtle ways-is what sets us apart as a species, and in an age defined by such content, language has become both the fuel and the currency of our modern information society. This has posed a vexing new challenge for linguists and engineers working in the field of language-processing: how do we parse and process not just language itself, but language in vast, overwhelming quantities? Modern Computational Models of Semantic Discovery in Natural Language compiles and reviews the most prominent linguistic theories into a single source that serves as an essential reference for future solutions to one of the most important challenges of our age. This comprehensive publication benefits an audience of students and professionals, researchers, and practitioners of linguistics and language discovery. This book includes a comprehensive range of topics and chapters covering digital media, social interaction in online environments, text and data mining, language processing and translation, and contextual documentation, among others.

Information in today's advancing world is rapidly expanding and becoming widely available. This eruption of data has made handling it a daunting and time-consuming task. Natural language processing (NLP) is a method that applies linguistics and algorithms to large amounts of this data to make it more valuable. NLP improves the interaction between humans and computers, yet there remains a lack of research that focuses on the practical implementations of this trending approach. Neural Networks for Natural Language Processing is a collection of innovative research on the methods and applications of linguistic information processing and its computational properties. This publication will support readers with performing sentence classification and language generation using neural networks, apply deep learning models to solve machine translation and conversation problems, and apply deep structured semantic models on information retrieval and natural language applications. While highlighting topics including deep learning, query entity recognition, and information retrieval, this book is ideally designed for research and development professionals, IT specialists, industrialists, technology developers, data analysts, data scientists, academics, researchers, and students seeking current research on the fundamental concepts and techniques of natural language processing.

These proceedings presents the state-of-the-art in spoken dialog systems with applications in robotics, knowledge access and communication. It addresses specifically: 1. Dialog for interacting with smartphones; 2. Dialog for Open Domain knowledge access; 3. Dialog for robot interaction; 4. Mediated dialog (including crosslingual dialog involving Speech Translation); and,5. Dialog quality evaluation. These articles were presented at the IWSDS 2012 workshop.

Build and deploy intelligent applications for natural language processing with Python by using industry standard tools and recently popular methods in deep learning Key Features A no-math, code-driven programmer's guide to text processing and NLP Get state of the art results with modern tooling across linguistics, text vectors and machine learning Fundamentals of NLP methods from spaCy, gensim, scikit-learn and PyTorch Book DescriptionNLP in Python is among the most sought after skills among data scientists. With code and relevant case studies, this book will show how you can use industry-grade tools to implement NLP programs capable of learning from relevant data. We will explore many modern methods ranging from spaCy to word vectors that have reinvented NLP. The book takes you from the basics of NLP to building text processing applications. We start with an introduction to the basic vocabulary along with a workflow for building NLP applications. We use industry-grade NLP tools for cleaning and pre-processing text, automatic question and answer generation using linguistics, text embedding, text classifier, and building a chatbot. With each project, you will learn a new concept of NLP. You will learn about entity recognition, part of speech tagging and dependency parsing for Q and A. We use text embedding for both clustering documents and making chatbots, and then build classifiers using scikit-learn. We conclude by deploying these models as REST APIs with Flask. By the end, you will be confident building NLP applications, and know exactly what to look for when approaching new challenges. What you will learn Understand classical linguistics in using English grammar for automatically generating questions and answers from a free text corpus Work with text embedding models for dense number representations of words, subwords and characters in the English language for exploring document clustering Deep Learning in NLP using PyTorch with a code-driven introduction to PyTorch Using an NLP project management Framework for estimating timelines and organizing your project into stages Hack and build a simple chatbot application in 30 minutes Deploy an NLP or machine learning application using Flask as RESTFUL APIs Who this book is forProgrammers who wish to build systems that can interpret language. Exposure to Python programming is required. Familiarity with NLP or machine learning vocabulary will be helpful, but not mandatory.

As its title suggests, this book is a selection of papers that use English corpora to study language variation along three dimensions - time, place and genre. In broad terms, the book aims to bridge the gap between corpus linguistics and sociolinguistics and to increase our knowledge of the characteristics of English language. It includes eleven papers which address a variety of research questions but with the commonality of a corpus-based methodology. Some of the contributions deal with language variation in time, either by looking into historical corpora of English or by adopting the method known as diachronic comparable corpus linguistics, thus illustrating how corpora can be used to illuminate either historical or recent developments of English. Other studies investigate variation in space by comparing different varieties of English, including some of the "New Englishes" such as the South Asian varieties of English. Finally, some of the papers deal with variation in genre, by looking into the use of language for specific purposes through the inspection of medical articles, social reports and academic writing.

This new textbook examines the motivations and the different algorithms for automatic document summarization (ADS). We performed a recent state of the art. The book shows the main problems of ADS, difficulties and the solutions provided by the community. It presents recent advances in ADS, as well as current applications and trends. The approaches are statistical, linguistic and symbolic. Several exemples are included in order to clarify the theoretical concepts. The books currently available in the area of Automatic Document Summarization are not recent. Powerful algorithms have been developed in recent years that include several applications of ADS. The development of recent technology has impacted on the development of algorithms and their applications. The massive use of social networks and the new forms of the technology requires the adaptation of the classical methods of text summarizers. This is a new textbook on Automatic Text Summarization, based on teaching materials used in two or one-semester courses. It presents a extensive state-of-art and describes the new systems on the subject. Previous automatic summarization books have been either collections of specialized papers, or else authored books with only a chapter or two devoted to the field as a whole. In other hand, the classic books on the subject are not recent.

The concept of natural language processing has become one of the preferred methods to better understand consumers, especially in recent years when digital technologies and research methods have developed exponentially. It has become apparent that when responding to international consumers through multiple platforms and speaking in the same language in which the consumers express themselves, companies are improving their standings within the public sphere. Natural Language Processing for Global and Local Business provides research exploring the theoretical and practical phenomenon of natural language processing through different languages and platforms in terms of today's conditions. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as computational linguistics, information engineering, and translation technology, this book is ideally designed for IT specialists, academics, researchers, students, and business professionals seeking current research on improving and understanding the consumer experience.

The key assumption in this text is that machine translation is not merely a mechanical process but in fact requires a high level of linguistic sophistication, as the nuances of syntax, semantics and intonation cannot always be conveyed by modern technology. The increasing dependence on artificial communication by private and corporate users makes this research area an invaluable element when teaching linguistic theory.

Describing the technologies to combine language resources flexibly as web services, this book provides valuable case studies for those who work in services computing, language resources, human-computer interaction (HCI), computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW), and service science. The authors have been operating the Language Grid, which wraps existing language resources as atomic language services and enables users to compose new services by combining them. From architecture level to service composition level, the book explains how to resolve infrastructural and operational difficulties in sharing and combining language resources, including interoperability of language service infrastructures, various types of language service policies, human services, and service failures.The research based on the authors' operating experiences of handling complicated issues such as intellectual property and interoperability of language resources contributes to exploitation of language resources as a service. On the other hand, both the analysis based on using services and the design of new services can bring significant results. A new style of multilingual communication supported by language services is worthy of analysis in HCI/CSCW, and the design process of language services is the focus of valuable case studies in service science. By using language resources in different ways based on the Language Grid, many activities are highly regarded by diverse communities. This book consists of four parts: (1) two types of language service platforms to interconnect language services across service grids, (2) various language service composition technologies that improve the reusability, efficiency, and accuracy of composite services, (3) research work and activities in creating language resources and services, and (4) various applications and tools for understanding and designing language services that well support intercultural collaboration.

This book presents multibiometric watermarking techniques for security of biometric data. This book also covers transform domain multibiometric watermarking techniques and their advantages and limitations. The authors have developed novel watermarking techniques with a combination of Compressive Sensing (CS) theory for the security of biometric data at the system database of the biometric system. The authors show how these techniques offer higher robustness, authenticity, better imperceptibility, increased payload capacity, and secure biometric watermarks. They show how to use the CS theory for the security of biometric watermarks before embedding into the host biometric data. The suggested methods may find potential applications in the security of biometric data at various banking applications, access control of laboratories, nuclear power stations, military base, and airports.

Natural language processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence that has emerged as a prevalent method of practice for a sizeable amount of companies. NLP enables software to understand human language and process complex data that is generated within businesses. In a competitive market, leading organizations are showing an increased interest in implementing this technology to improve user experience and establish smarter decision-making methods. Research on the application of intelligent analytics is crucial for professionals and companies who wish to gain an edge on the opposition. The Handbook of Research on Natural Language Processing and Smart Service Systems is a collection of innovative research on the integration and development of intelligent software tools and their various applications within professional environments. While highlighting topics including discourse analysis, information retrieval, and advanced dialog systems, this book is ideally designed for developers, practitioners, researchers, managers, engineers, academicians, business professionals, scholars, policymakers, and students seeking current research on the improvement of competitive practices through the use of NLP and smart service systems.

Semantic-based visual information retrieval is one of the most challenging research directions of content-based visual information retrieval. It provides efficient tools for access, interaction, searching, and retrieving from collected databases of visual media. Building on research from over 30 leading experts from around the world, ""Semantic-Based Visual Information Retrieval"" presents state-of-the-art advancements and developments in the field, and also brings a selection of techniques and algorithms about semantic-based visual information retrieval. It covers many critical issues, such as: multi-level representation and description, scene understanding, semantic modeling, image and video annotation, humancomputer interaction, and more. ""Semantic-Based Visual Information Retrieval"" also explains detailed solutions to a wide range of practical applications. Researchers, students, and practitioners will find this comprehensive and detailed volume to be a roadmap for applying suitable methods in semantic-based visual information retrieval.

To sustain and stay at the top of the market and give absolute comfort to the consumers, industries are using different strategies and technologies. Natural language processing (NLP) is a technology widely penetrating the market, irrespective of the industry and domains. It is extensively applied in businesses today, and it is the buzzword in every engineer's life. NLP can be implemented in all those areas where artificial intelligence is applicable either by simplifying the communication process or by refining and analyzing information. Neural machine translation has improved the imitation of professional translations over the years. When applied in neural machine translation, NLP helps educate neural machine networks. This can be used by industries to translate low-impact content including emails, regulatory texts, etc. Such machine translation tools speed up communication with partners while enriching other business interactions. Deep Natural Language Processing and AI Applications for Industry 5.0 provides innovative research on the latest findings, ideas, and applications in fields of interest that fall under the scope of NLP including computational linguistics, deep NLP, web analysis, sentiments analysis for business, and industry perspective. This book covers a wide range of topics such as deep learning, deepfakes, text mining, blockchain technology, and more, making it a crucial text for anyone interested in NLP and artificial intelligence, including academicians, researchers, professionals, industry experts, business analysts, data scientists, data analysts, healthcare system designers, intelligent system designers, practitioners, and students.