The Aid Chain explores the role of funding conditions in shaping co-operation and resistance as aid moves from donors, to NGOs, to local communities. Significant proportions of aid flow through the non-governmental sector but questions are increasingly being asked about the role of NGOs and whether they can deliver on their ambitious claims. This study examines whether the existing aid processes widely used by donors and NGOs are effective in tackling poverty and exclusion. Findings from fieldwork in Uganda, South Africa and the UK are used to show how the fast changing aid sector has, in the context of a dynamic policy environment, encouraged the mainstreaming of a managerial approach that does not admit of any analysis of power relations or cultural diversity. This increasing definition of the roles of NGOs as essentially technical, limits the extent of the very development that the organizations were initially established to promote. 'This disturbing and dramatically important book has been crying out to be written. It is a stark revelation of uncomfortable realities from which we often try to hide...Anyone working in an aid organization who is serious about achieving the MDGs has to read this book, and to act on its lessons. ' Robert Chambers

Examines how the humanitarian order advances a message of moral triumph and care while abandoning the dispossessed Prompted by a growing number of refugees and other displaced people, intersections of design and humanitarianism are proliferating. From the IKEA Foundation's Better Shelter to Airbnb's Open Homes program, the consumer economy has engaged the global refugee crisis with seemingly new tactics that normalize an institutionally sanctioned politics of evasion. Exploring "the global shelter imaginary," this book charts the ways shelter functions as a form of rightless relief that expels recognition of the rights of the displaced and advances political paradoxes of displacement itself.

This book examines the effects of the transnational social and environmental advocacy of foreign NGOs in China. Based on three case studies, including China's first participatory development project, its first successful case of transnational anti-dam activism, and its first national park project, the book challenges our typical understanding that global forces shape local outcomes. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in China and archival work in the United States, Matsuzawa sheds light on the entrepreneurial behaviors of Chinese activists, researchers, and government officials. She shows that global projects are often substantially transformed by local actors, despite the original intentions of their foreign collaborators and even China's central government. Thus, it is argued that foreign NGOs are not as hegemonic or culturally imperialistic as is commonly viewed. Matsuzawa reveals that their goals may change profoundly as a result of their engagements with local actors on the ground. She offers a new theory of transnational advocacy together with an account of the Chinese party-state's rising concerns over the influence of foreign NGOs. Activating China will be of interest to sociologists and political scientists working in the fields of social movement studies and activism in China.

"The NGO Factor in Africa "breaks new ground in understanding the role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Africa. The book historicizes NGOs using the Rockefeller Foundation as a case study, looking at its tripartite paradoxical roles as an agent of colonialism, globalization and development/underdevelopment. It deploys interdisciplinary devices to show how the RF projects have engaged in marginalization, patronage and 'othering' of African values and customs and the ensuing controversies. Using globalization, postmodern and postcolonial theories the book deconstructs the long-held myths about NGO inviolability, and opens ground for understanding their strengths. It interrogates sites of contestation, apprehension and possibilities that the RF has produced. Using RF projects, it looks at structures of hegemony, race, power, class and gender that the RF has created. The book illustrates the extent to which the RF has been instrumental in spreading capitalism, imperialism in economic, political, cultural and social realms through globalization. It desists from the grand narrative approach that has dominated African history in the past but instead gives agency and voice to those that have previously been marginalized.

NGOs, Knowledge Production and Global Humanist Advocacy is an empirically and theoretically rich account of how international non-governmental organisations produce knowledge of and formulate understandings about the world around them. The author applies critical and sociological perspectives to analyse the social and political limits of knowledge generated in support of global advocacy efforts aimed at enhancing human rights and preventing violent conflicts. It is found that, despite their transnational networks and claims to humanist universality, the proximity of global advocates to Western power structures and elite social spaces delimits their worldviews and curtails the potential for radical departures from mainstream political thinking. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of international relations, human rights, the sociology of knowledge, peace and conflict studies, and critical security studies.

This book, based on 25 months of anthropological fieldwork, examines activists and activism in Palestinian nongovernmental organizations in Israel. It concentrates on the ways organizations enable certain processes of self-identification based on activists' constructions of modernity.

This title was first published in 2002. NGOs are receiving increasing international attention and resources from policy makers, donors, academics and others. The New Policy Agenda accepts NGOs as agents for social welfare alongside the state and as fostering democracy in the Developing World. Astonishingly, however, there have been very few studies and no books on NGO field workers. This study of field workers in Bangladesh, provides excellent insights into this neglected field. Bangladesh is an excellent example as, since independence in 1971, it has been a 'donor-dependent' country, both financially and functionally, and since the 1980s has concentrated this funding towards NGOs rather than to the state. The book shows how field workers are seen simply as implementers, carrying out directions given by their superiors and never being consulted on how best to achieve their goals. The book examines four types of NGOs - international, national, regional and small/local - in a number of sample locations. It compares the benefits and facilities provided by each NGO to their field workers, then explores the socio-economic background of both field workers and their mid-level managers and examines the interactions between these two groups and between field workers and their clients. It also looks at the field workers' personal and professional lives and problems and details their opinions on their NGO's activities and policies and on development . The findings show that NGO managers and donors lack knowledge of the realities in the field and do not realise how certain policies, such as their positive discrimination of women, can have negative results. It proposes that NGO field workers should be more active in policy making and puts forward several recommendations for changes in the management and structure of future NGOs.

This title examines the roles and new opportunities arising from the increasing participation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in peace-making, peacekeeping and peace-building processes, both formal and informal, state-sponsored and unofficial. Drawing on both academic experts and activists, this study brings together contributions from those who have observed how NGOs have sought to reflect civil society concerns, provide humanitarian relief, monitor compliance with international norms and treaty requirements, and disseminate information of concern to advocacy networks.
A critical appraisal of the opportunities and constraints of NGOs is provided alongside the examination of the NGOs role in the new agendas for peace.

This title examines the roles and new opportunities arising from the increasing participation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in peace-making, peacekeeping and peace-building processes, both formal and informal, state-sponsored and unofficial. Drawing on both academic experts and activists, this study brings together contributions from those who have observed how NGOs have sought to reflect civil society concerns, provide humanitarian relief, monitor compliance with international norms and treaty requirements, and disseminate information of concern to advocacy networks.
A critical appraisal of the opportunities and constraints of NGOs is provided alongside the examination of the NGOs role in the "new agendas" for peace.

Over six billion dollars in developmental assistance is funneled annually through non-governmental organizations (NGOs), yet little is understood about the nature of their relationship with communities and the real impact of their work. This book examines what role NGOs really play in fighting poverty in Latin America. Expert NGO professionals and scholars explore grass-roots relationships between international religious and secular NGOs and poor communities. They probe the power structures, cultural assumptions, dangers and possibilities that underlie NGOs' work. While fighting poverty is the mission of many NGOs, most are aware that they often fail to make things better, and, in fact, may make things worse. By providing a forum for Northern and Southern NGOs, donors, scholars, and poor people themselves, this book explores the causes and cures of poverty, and presses at the boundaries of our understanding of participatory development. It identifies both internal and external factors that influence the success of NGO projects, and moves beyond standard best-practice theory to probe more deeply the relationships that underlie poverty and how these relationships can be shifted to achieve solutions.

This book deals with two major issues: how Indonesian NGOs survived under Suharto's authoritarian rule; and how NGOs contributed to the promotion of democracy in the post-Suharto era. If NGOs are to change from 'development' to 'movement' in democratic post-Suharto Indonesia, they must adjust not only their management and working style, but also their very ideology. This comprehensive study will be an important book for scholars interested in Asian studies, Indonesian politics and development studies.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203200128

This book considers the proliferation in Malaysia over the past two decades of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) associated with various social movements, both to provide basic information about the NGOs and social movements, and to discuss their role in the development of civil society generally in particular their contribution to the reform movement, which has been gathering strength since 1998. The book discusses the nature and development of the movements, and shows that those movements concerned with human rights and women's issues have made significant contributions to the reform movement and been irrevocably changed by their involvement in it.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203220498

Contents:
Chapter I. Setting the Israeli Scene
Introduction
Historical Legacies: Roots of Gender Relations and Ethnic Tension
The Functioning of the Formal Political System
Women in political parties
Women's political parties
Women and voting
Women in Knesset, committees, ministries
Knesset's bureaucratic responses to women
Women politicians
Legal Arena
Military Participation
Contemporary Feminist Movement
Living in a State of Siege: The Role of Women in the Peace Movement
The Emergence of Women's Nongovernmental Organizations
Resources and Funding
Chapter II. Minding the Political Gap: The need for and development of a concept of political capital
Introduction
Philosophy and the Public Sphere: Enter Feminist Politics
Women and politics: Toward feminist critical theory
Women, citizenship and political participation
Building Civil Society: Utilizing Social and Political Capital
Examining civil society
NGOs as learning sites
Conceptualizing a New Term: 'Political Capital'
Social capital is too diffuse
A first consideration of 'political capital'
The influence of Bourdieu's cultural capital
The influence of Putnam's social capital
Trust, norms and networks
The influence of political culture
Political education
Education and democracy
Informal education: liberation pedagogy and rights based education
Nonformal education: Consciousness-raising
Definition of Political capital
Political capital in democracy
Chapter III. Revealing political capital: Methods of discovery
Nature of Study
Qualitative research
Feminist research
Research Methods
Research setting
Israel Women's Network
Bat Shalom
Haifa Women's Coalition
Research sample
Sample size
Sample: Socio-demographic description
Gaining access to research sites
Research Instruments
Interviews
Interview process
Particpant observation
Document review
Research questions
Hypothesis
Data Analysis
Limitations of Study
Transportation
Language
Religion
Time
Chapte r IV. NGOs of their own: Women claim public space for political influence
Introduction
Why are NGOs needed: what gap do they address for women and how do they do that?
NGOs create new discourse
NGOs help women connect skills with action
Women benefit more from women's NGOs than mixed-gender NGOs
NGOs politicize traditional voluntary associations
There is political power in the group
NGOs can create a false illusion of change
The formal political sphere is a male sphere
The military encourages male political careers
NGOs provide increased opportunities for women's political participation
Summary
The Influence of NGOs on the formal political system
NGOs participate in legislation, lobbying and commities
Members of Knesset rely on women's NGOs
Most women in NGOs would consider running or have run for public office
NGOs influence the wider society
NGOs influence political parties^
NGOs act as stepping-stones into formal politics for women
Perhaps NGOs should be temporary
Summary
Educational themes in NGOs
Rate of university education is high
Youth movements and student movements are formative
Education in NGOs occurs in two ways: informal and nonformal
Women learn skills through NGOs
Women gain essential political knowledge via NGOs
There is a need for more political training
Social norms in women's NGOs differ from social norms in the formal political arena
Women from horizontal and vertical networks through NGO participation
Summary
How does living in a time of protracted Palestinian-Israeli conflict affect women's issues and the work of women's NGOs?
The survival of Israel is paramount
Military careers are held in higher political esteem than other careers
There is overlap between women's and peace NGOs
The rise and fall of conflict influences women's participation
Military conflict possibly increases levels of violence in the civilian society
Conflict creates divided loyalties: nationalist struggle vs. feminist struggle
Summary
General trends in the three main NGOs
Unexpected findings
Relations between Israeli women and women from West Bank/Gaza are extremely strained
Jewish-Arab coexistence lacks sincerity
There are different pathways to NGO activism
Chapter Summary
Chapter V. Conclusion
Introduction
Contributions of the study
Conclusive data
Evidence of political capital
From Social movements to NGO activism
Social and political implications of NGO research
Areas of future research
Summary
References
Appendices
Append ix A: Map of Israel
Appendix B: Timeline
Appendix C: 1999 Election Lists
Appendix D: Current Members of Knesset (MKs)
Appendix E: Women in the world's parliaments
Appendix F: Isreali voting percentages
Appendix G: Current Knesset ministers
Appendix H: Pre-elections advertisement
Appendix I: Letter from Palestinian intellectuals
Appendix J: Patterns of movememnt/NGO relationships

In the last ten years, NGOs have become a force for transformation in global politics and economics. Their numbers and size have grown dramatically and they have assumed far more extensive responsibilities as intermediaries between governments, businesses and other institutions, and local communities and citizens. With this growth has come an ever-more pressing requirement for effective management among NGOs and their operations.Focusing on development organizations working on issues of poverty and injustice, but relevant to NGOs in all sectors, this volume brings together a selection of key writings on how NGOs can position and organize themselves to achieve maximum impact and effectiveness. The editors set out the management challenges facing NGOs in a stimulating Introduction followed by a range of contributions divided into ten sets of issues.

The development and use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has been a contentious topic for the last three decades. While there have been a number of social science analyses of the issues, this is the first book to assess the role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the debate at such a wide geographic scale. The various positions, for and against GMOs, particularly with regard to transgenic crops, articulated by NGOs in the debate are dissected, classified and juxtaposed to corresponding campaigns. These are discussed in the context of key conceptual paradigms, including nature fundamentalism and the organic movement, post-colonialism, food sovereignty, anti-globalisation, sustainability and feminism. The book also analyses how NGOs interpret the debate and the persuasive communication tactics they use. This provides greater understanding of the complexity of negotiations in the debate and explains its specific features such as its global scope and difficulty in finding compromises. The author assesses the long-term interests of various participants and changes in perceptions of science and in public communication as a result. Examples of major NGOs such as Greenpeace, Oxfam and WWF are included, but the author also provides new research into the role of NGOs in Russia.

Illuminating the conditions for global governance to have precipitated the devastating decline of one of the ocean's most majestic creatures The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) is the world's foremost organization for managing and conserving tunas, seabirds, turtles, and sharks traversing international waters. Founded by treaty in 1969, ICCAT stewards what has become under its tenure one of the planet's most prominent endangered fish: the Atlantic bluefin tuna. Called "red gold" by industry insiders for the exorbitant price her ruby-colored flesh commands in the sushi economy, the giant bluefin tuna has crashed in size and number under ICCAT's custodianship. With regulations to conserve these sea creatures in place for half a century, why have so many big bluefin tuna vanished from the Atlantic? In Red Gold, Jennifer E. Telesca offers unparalleled access to ICCAT to show that the institution has faithfully executed the task assigned it by international law: to fish as hard as possible to grow national economies. ICCAT manages the bluefin not to protect them but to secure export markets for commodity empires-and, as a result, has become complicit in their extermination. The decades of regulating fish as commodities have had disastrous consequences. Amid the mass extinction of all kinds of life today, Red Gold reacquaints the reader with the splendors of the giant bluefin tuna through vignettes that defy technoscientific and market rationales. Ultimately, this book shows, changing the way people value marine life must come not only from reforming ICCAT but from transforming the dominant culture that consents to this slaughter.

Banking on Knowledge is one of the first studies of the way in which the World Bank is reinventing itself as the 'Knowledge Bank'. The contributions to Banking on Knowledge are from an internationally acclaimed group of experts, including an original and groundbreaking piece by Joseph Stiglitz, former Chief Economist and Vice President of the World Bank. Subjects covered include:
* the changing policy emphasis within the World Bank as it develops alliances with non-governmental actors and promotes civil society
* first-hand accounts of the making of this new global network amidst the plethora of existing political, commercial and non-governmental networks
* detailed case studies of the problems faced by think tanks and other knowledge institutions across the world
* whether knowledge, information and data is used by experts successfully to influence policy.
Timely, original and provocative, this book is essential reading for students, researchers, policy makers and professionals with an interest in the future of the World Bank, the role of think tanks and the changing nature of development.

bBanking on Knowledge is one of the first studies of the way in which the World Bank is reinventing itself as the 'Knowledge Bank'. The book addresses how international organizations and governments are developing partnerships with think tanks, research institutes and other knowledge institutions in the hope of informing and improving policies for reform and development around the world.
Subjects covered include:
* the changing policy emphasis within the World Bank as it develops alliances with non-governmental actors and promotes civil society
* first-hand accounts of the making of this new global network amidst the plethora of existing political, commercial and non-governmental networks
* detailed case studies of the problems faced by think tanks and other knowledge institutions across the world
* whether knowledge, information and data is used by experts successfully to influence policy.
Timely, original and provocative, this book is essential reading for students, researchers, policy makers and professionals with an interest in the future of the World Bank, the role of think tanks and the changing nature of development.

This study analyzes the readiness of the British military establishment for war in 1899 and its performance in the South African War (1899-1902). It focuses on the career of Field Marshal Paul Sanford, 3rd Baron Methuen, whose traditional military training, used so effectively in Queen Victoria's small wars, was put to the test by the modern challenges of the South African War. A subsidiary aim of this work is to correct and refine the historical consensus that Methuen's campaing in the South African War was plagued by practical errors and poor judgement. The South African War was a crucial transitional episode in the history of the British army. Unlike Great Britain's other expeditions, it required the concentrated resources of the entire empire. It was a modern war in the sense that it employed the technology, the weaponry, the communications, and the transportation of the second industrial revolution.

Learning and Forgetting in Development NGOs draws on a range of theoretical approaches and empirical evidence to explore how development organisations learn or fail to learn from experience. Despite the overwhelming discourses of NGOs as learning organisations, little is known about the phenomenon of learning within NGOs. As constantly changing buzzwords and institutional approaches abound and old ideas and concepts are "re-discovered", development NGOs are often accused of trying to reinvent the wheel as they struggle to escape from the challenges of development amnesia. Based on detailed empirical data on the everyday practices and accounts of development practitioners, this book moves between the boundaries of organisational institutionalism, learning theories, management and ethnographies of NGOs practices to investigate the many faces of organisational learning in an attempt to counteract development amnesia. Learning and Forgetting in Development NGOs will be an essential guide for students, scholars and development practitioners with an interest in development management and organisational theory.

The United States' national security depends on a secure, reliable and resilient cyberspace. The inclusion of digital systems into every aspect of US national security has been underway since World War II and has increased with the proliferation of Internet enabled devices. There is an increasing need to develop a robust deterrence framework within which the US and its allies can dissuade would be adversaries from engaging in various cyber activities. Yet despite a desire to deter adversaries, the problems associated with dissuasion remain complex, multifaceted, poorly understood and imprecisely specified. Challenges including, credibility, attribution, escalation and conflict management to name but a few remain ever present and challenge the US in its efforts to foster security in cyberspace. These challenges need to be addressed in a deliberate and multidisciplinary approach that combines political and technical realities to provide a robust set of policy options to decision makers. The Cyber Deterrence Problem brings together a multi-disciplinary team of scholars from multiple institutions with expertise in computer science, deterrence theory, cognitive psychology, intelligence studies, and conflict management to analyze and develop a robust assessment of the necessary requirements and attributes for achieving deterrence in cyberspace. Beyond simply addressing the base challenges associated with deterrence many of the chapters also propose strategies and tactics to enhance deterrence in cyberspace and emphasize conceptualizing how the US deters adversaries.