\My tailor is Object-Oriented." Most software systems that have been built - cently are claimed to be Object-Oriented. Even older software systems that are still in commercial use have been upgraded with some OO ?avors. The range of areas where OO can be viewed as a \must-have" feature seems to be as large as the number of elds in computer science. If we stick to one of the original views of OO, that is, to create cost-e ective software solutions through modeling ph- ical abstractions, the application of OO to any eld of computer science does indeed make sense. There are OO programming languages, OO operating s- tems, OO databases, OO speci cations, OO methodologies, etc. So what does a conference on Object-Oriented Programming really mean? I honestly don't know. What I do know is that, since its creation in 1987, ECOOP has been attracting a large number of contributions, and ECOOP conferences have ended up with high-quality technical programs, featuring interesting mixtures of theory and practice. Among the 183 initial submissions to ECOOP'99, 20 papers were selected for inclusion in the technical program of the conference. Every paper was reviewed by three to ve referees. The selection of papers was carried out during a t- day program committee meeting at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. Papers were judged according to their originality, presentation qu- ity, and relevance to the conference topics.

Jan Bosch Stuart Mitchell University of Karlskrona/Ronneby University of York Dept of Computer Science Dept of Computer Science SoftCenter, S-372 25, Ronneby, Sweden York, United Kingdom [email protected] [email protected] 1 Introduction Although becoming more accepted in software industry, object-oriented technology still is an active ?eld of research with many issues remaining to be addressed. This workshop reader, in a way, presents the width of the ongoing research activities in object-orientation. However, we feel one can classify these activities into three cate- ries: * Domain-speci?c: Several activities focus on a single application, e.g. telec- munication, or computer-science, e.g. real-time and mobility, domain. Research tries to address the domain-speci?c problems of object-oriented technology. * Design issues: Object-oriented design has been an issue for at least a decade, but one can identify an increasing focus on formal approaches and on the evo- tion and re-engineering of existing object-oriented software. * Beyond object-orientation: The object-oriented paradigm will, at some point, be replaced by a subsequent paradigm and several research efforts investigate alternative or extended approaches. Examples are extended language expr- siveness for, e.g. design patterns and frameworks, component-oriented p- gramming and aspect-oriented programming. 2 Contents The remainder of this book is a selection and re-iteration of the contributions to 12 workshops (of a total of 15) held during the ECOOP'97 conference. The workshops generally relate to one of the above categories.

The Sorbonne University is very proud to host this year the oms Conference on Object Oriented Information Systems. There is a growing awareness of the importance of object oriented techniques, methods and tools to support information systems engineering. The term information systems implies that the computer based systems are designed to provide adequate and timely information to human users in organizations. The term engineering implies the application of a rigorous set of problem solving approaches analogous to those found in traditional engineering disciplines. The intent of this conference is to present a selected number of those approaches which favor an object oriented view of systems engineering. oms '98 is the fifth edition of a series of conferences. Starting in 1994 in London, this series evolved from a British audience to a truly European one. The goal is to build a world wide acknowledged forum dedicated to object oriented information systems engineering. This conference is organized with the aim to bring together researchers and practitioners in Information Systems, Databases and Software Engineering who have interests in object oriented information systems. The objective is to advance understanding about how the object technology can empower information systems in organizations, on techniques for designing effective and efficient information systems and methods and development tools for information systems engineering. The conference aims also at discussing the lessons learned from large scale projects using objects. The call for oms was given international audience.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Deductive and Object-Oriented Databases, DOOD'97, held in Montreux, Switzerland, in December 1997. The 22 revised full papers presented in this book were selected from a total of 59 submissions. Also included are abstracts or full versions of three invited talks and three tutorials and six short presentations. The papers are organized in topical sections on materialized view maintenance, extending DBMs features, database updates, managing change in object databases, semantics of active databases, formal semantics, and new directions.

Anyone developing software today is likely to be doing so in a Windows environment and is likely to be using Visual Basic as the development language. This Essential guide focuses on the basics of the language instead of burdening the eager user with small details contained in the manuals. Providing a clear and precise explanation of the most important features of VB5, the book allows readers to develop programs with the same heavyweight feel as the best programs from Microsoft and others.

This book is aimed at students who need to learn the basics of programming or who are studying computing. It is a "hands on" book containing many examples which start by illustrating basic Oberon-2 language features and gradually increase in scope to cover object-oriented programming concepts and constructs. Oberon-2 is a successor to the language Pascal, which was also designed by Prof. N. Wirth [Wir71J. It has quickly become a major language used for teaching purposes. The only thing you need for successfully working through the book is to have access to a computer running Windows 3. 11 or Windows 95. The material in the book is useful to students of schools, colleges, and universities for teaching Oberon-2 and programming at an introductory level. of the book is not focused on software engineering or object The scope oriented technology; other books mentioned in the reference section already cover these topics in much greater depth. However, the examples in the book have been designed with these topics firmly in mind. Currently the term "object-oriented" is very much in fashion, having taken over from structured programming of the 1970s and '80s. In this book we have taken the view that a structured programming approach can be used to teach the fundamentals of programming algorithms. The object-oriented approach is then brought in as a complementary way to think, analyze, design and program.

This proceedings contains some of the papers presented at the Business Object and Implementation Workshops held at OOPSLA'96, OOPSLA'97 and OOPSLA'98. The main theme of the workshops is to document the evolution of business objects, from ~any perspectives, including modelling, implementation, standards and applications. The 1996 workshop intended to clarify the specification, design, and implementation of interoperable, plug and play, distributed business object components and their suitability for delivery of enterprise applications; and to assess the impact of the WWW and, more specifically, the Intranet on the design and implementation of business object components. The main focus of the workshop was: What design patterns will allow implementation of business objects as plug and play components? How can these components be assembled into domain specific frameworks? What are the appropriate architectures/mechanisms as distributed object systems? What for implementing these frameworks organisational and development process issues need to be addressed to successfully deliver these systems? Is this approach an effective means for deploying enterprise application solutions? The third annual workshop (OOPSLA'97) was jointly sponsored by the Accredited Standards Committee X3H7 Object Information Management Technical Committee and the Object Management Group (OMG) Business Object Domain Task Force (BODTF) for the purpose of soliciting technical position papers relevant to the design and implementation of Business Object Systems.

This book constitutes the strictly refereed proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP'97, held in Jyvaskyla, Finland, in June 1997.
The book presents 20 revised full papers selected from a total of 103 submissions; also included are two full invited presentations and one abstract of an invited talk. The book is divided into topical sections on programming languages, types, metaprogramming, implementation and systems, formal methods and specifications, Java, and patterns. All in all, the volume impressively demonstrates that object-oriented technology has grown from a limited academic exercise to an industrial driving force."

"An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java" provides an accessible and thorough introduction to the basics of programming in java. This much-anticipated revision continues its emphasis on object-oriented programming. Objects are used early so students begin thinking in an object-oriented way, then later Wu teaches students to define their own classes.

In the third edition, the author has eliminated the author-written classes, so students get accustomed to using the standard java libraries.

In the new update, the author has included the Scanner Class for input, a new feature of Java 1.5.

Also new is the use of smaller complete code examples to enhance student learning. The larger sample development programs are continued in this edition, giving students an opportunity to walk incrementally walk through program design, learning the fundamentals of software engineering. The number and variety of examples makes this a student-friendly text that teaches by showing.

Object diagrams continue to be an important element of Wu's approach. The consistent, visual approach assists students in understanding concepts.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP'98, held in Brussels, Belgium, in July 1998.
The book presents 24 revised full technical papers selected for inclusion from a total of 124 submissions; also presented are two invited papers. The papers are organized in topical sections on modelling ideas and experiences; design patterns and frameworks; language problems and solutions; distributed memory systems; reuse, adaption and hardware support; reflection; extensible objects and types; and mixins, inheritance and type analysis complexity.

This volume contains the papers presented at the Third International Conference on Object Oriented Information Systems (00lS'96) which was held at South Bank University, London. The keynote addresses, by Professor Colette Roland and Mr Ian Graham, are also included. The acceptance rate for papers was around 47%. The papers for the Industry Day were invited papers. The keynote paper by Professor Roland analyses the challenges in object modelling, particularly the impact of requirements engineering for conceptual modelling. She suggests innovative research perspectives to enhance and extend object oriented approaches in order to deal with the emerging area of requirements engineering. The keynote paper presented by Mr. Graham focuses on the problems and solutions for adopting use cases. In his paper, Graham illustrates the theoretical issues and practical problems of use cases, and highlights them using examples. The papers included in this volume cover different aspects of object modelling, object oriented software development, object databases, and interoperability. In the modelling session, Ram, et al. outline an extended object model to tackle the problems of capturing complex requirements of office information systems. Simons' paper concentrates on core object modelling concepts and presents a mathematical theory of class.

Programming in Dylan is aimed at programmers who are already familiar with languages such as Pascal or C but who, as yet, have no knowledge of object-oriented languages. The author takes the reader through the development of Dylan by Apple and introduces the concept of object oriented languages, comparing Dylan to other languages such as CLOS, Smalltalk and C++. The author looks at fundamental concepts of the Dylan language before moving on to present the basic types (Boolean, vectors, strings etc.). Variables, expressions and assignment, and functions (both named and anonymous) are covered in detail. The Dylan class is introduced in its simple form and generic functions and library classes are discussed in depth. The author shows how modularisation needs to be used if large applications are to be developed and illustrates how to construct program libraries. A simulation and modelling example runs through the book.

Machine Learning Engineering in Action lays out an approach to building deployable, maintainable production machine learning systems. You will adopt software development standards that deliver better code management, and make it easier to test, scale, and even reuse your machine learning code! You will learn how to plan and scope your project, manage cross-team logistics that avoid fatal communication failures, and design your code's architecture for improved resilience. You will even discover when not to use machine learning-and the alternative approaches that might be cheaper and more effective. When you're done working through this toolbox guide, you will be able to reliably deliver cost-effective solutions for organizations big and small alike. Following established processes and methodology maximizes the likelihood that your machine learning projects will survive and succeed for the long haul. By adopting standard, reproducible practices, your projects will be maintainable over time and easy for new team members to understand and adapt.

This book contains a refereed collection of revised papers selected from the presentations at the France-Japan Workshop on Object-Based Parallel and Distributed Computation, OBPDC'95, held in Tokyo in June 1995.
The 18 full papers included in the book constitute a representative, well-balanced set of timely research contributions to the growing field of object-based concurrent computing. The volume is organized in sections on massively parallel programming languages, distributed programming languages, formalisms, distributed operating systems, dependable distributed computing, and software management.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Scientific Computing in Object-Oriented Parallel Environments, ISCOPE '97, held in Marina del Rey, California, in December 1997. The volume presents 36 revised papers carefully selected for inclusion in the book. The papers address run-time performance optimization at several levels, new language programming paradigms, applications of Java-based technology, direct applications in various areas, object-oriented libraries, and new ideas and approaches to parallel scientific computing. All in all, this is an up-to-date presentation of the state-of-the-art in the application of object-oriented methods in scientific and engineering applications.

The papers published here highlight the contributions of leading researchers in the field who are working with object-oriented technology, theory and practice. Among the topics to be covered are: object-relational data technology; distributed object computing; patterns and frameworks; concepts and methodologies; multimedia systems; object-0riented metrics; object reuse; object ontologies; business process re-design; knowledge management; object database management systems; and interoperability issues. Areas of significant interest to industry, especially in providing innovative directions for the development of next generation systems, are also covered.

Over the past 10 years, object technology has gained widespread acceptance within the software industry. Within a wider context, however, it has made little impact on the core applications which support businesses in carrying out their tasks. This volume contains a collection of papers establishing the need for Business Objects, with particular reference to work undertaken by the Object Management Group (OMG). The emphasis is on defining an agenda for establishing Business Object standards and architectures, for developing software technology to support Business Objects applications and managing object oriented development projects. The wide variety of papers presented, and their authors' expertise, make this book a significant contribution to the development of Business Objects and their management.

Delphi is a new Windows software development environment from Borland. Released in 1995, it has quickly built up an excellent reputation as one of the best Windows software development tools.
John Cowell shows how to program in Delphi using various tools. He provides lots of examples and illustrations and describes various database specific tools included with the Delphi package. The book shows how to use the Borland database engine along with other database formats (including Microsoft's Access). There are a number of chapters which cover the object-oriented aspects of Pascal, and advanced programming techniques such as drag-and-drop, DDE, OLE, and the creation of on-line help systems are also looked at. New users, as well as current Visual Basic users wanting to get up to speed on Delphi, will find this clear and informative book provides all the information they need to develop Windows applications quickly, competently, and easily.

This book addresses issues concerning the engineering of system prod ucts that make use of computing technology. These systems may be prod ucts in their own right, for example a computer, or they may be the computerised control systems inside larger products, such as factory automation systems, transportation systems and vehicles, and personal appliances such as portable telephones. In using the term engineering the authors have in mind a development process that operates in an integrated sequence of steps, employing defined techniques that have some scientific basis. Furthermore we expect the operation of the stages to be subject to controls and standards that result in a product fit for its intended purpose, both in the hands of its users and as a business venture. Thus the process must take account of a wide range of requirements relating to function, cost, size, reliabili ty and so on. It is more difficult to define the meaning of computing technology. These days this involves much more than computers and software. For example, many tasks that might be performed by software running in a general purpose computer can also be performed directly by the basic technology used to construct a computer, namely digital hardware. However, hardware need not always be digital; we live in an analogue world, hence analogue signals appear on the boundaries of our systems and it can sometimes be advantageous to allow them to penetrate further."

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Object Technologies for Advanced Software, ISOTAS'96, held in Ishikawa, Japan, in March 1996. ISOTAS'96 was sponsored by renowned Japanese and international professional organisations.
The 14 papers included in final full versions, together with the abstracts of four invited papers, were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 56 submissions; they address most current topics in object software technology, object-oriented programming, object-oriented databases, etc. The volume is organized in sections on design and evolution, parallelism and distribution, meta and reflection, and evolution of reuse.

OOIS'95 (Object-Oriented Information Systems '95) contains contributions from leading researchers and practitioners working on object oriented technology and its application in information systems design and development. The book has a strong practical focus and contains much technical insight of particular relevance to professionals working in the field. The papers cover two main areas of the field: academic research trends into object oriented concepts and principles, and state of the art applications in industry. Among the specific topics covered are modelling, knowledgebases, software development, interface design, object databases, distributed databases, and emerging object technologies. All those working in the field of information technology will find the book a useful source of reference.

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Object-Oriented and Entity-Relationship Modelling, OOER '95, held in Gold Coast, Australia in December 1995.
The 36 papers presented together with an invited presentation by Gio Wiederhold were selected from a total of 120 submissions. The papers are organized in sections on object design and modelling, models and languages, reverse engineering and schema transformation, behavioral modelling, non-traditional modelling, theoretical foundations, business re-engineering, integrated approaches, cooperative work modelling, temporal data modelling, federated systems design, and industrial stream papers

Formal Object-Oriented Development provides a comprehensive overview of the use of formal object-oriented methods; it covers how and where they should be introduced into the development process, how they can be introduced selectively for critical parts of an application, and how to incorporate them effectively into existing deveopmental practices.
The text is extensively illustrated, both with tutorial and self-assessment excercises and with examples of industrial applications from the reactive systems domain. This book will be of interest to academic and industrial researchers, software engineering practitioners and consultants, and will also provide invaluable reading material for students learning Z++ and VDM++.

Without a doubt the idea of object-oriented programming has brought some motion into the field of programming methodology and enlarged the set of programming languages. Object-oriented programming is nothing new-it first arose in the sixties. The motivation came from the simulation of discrete event systems. The concept first manifested itself in the language Simula 67. It took nearly two decades for the method to gain impetus, and today object-oriented programming is an important concept and a powerful technique. Meanwhile, we can even speak of an over reaction, for the concept has become a buzzword. But buzzwords always appear where there is the hope of exploiting ill-informed clients because they see the new approach as the solution to all their problems. Thus object-oriented programming is often hailed as a panacea. And so the question is justified: What is really behind it? To let the cat out of the bag: There is more to object-oriented programming than merely putting data as objects in the fore ground, instead of algorithms to which the data are subject. It is more than purely an alternative view of programmed systems. To identify the essence of object-oriented programming, is the subject of this book. This is a textbook that shows in a didactically skillful way which concepts and constructs are new, where they can be employed reasonably, and what advantages they offer. For, not all programs are automatically improved by merely recasting them in an object-oriented style."

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP '96, held in Linz, Austria, in July 1996.
The 21 full papers included in revised version were selected from a total of 173 submissions, based on technical quality and originality criteria. The papers reflect the most advanced issues in the field of object-oriented programming and cover a wide range of current topics, including applications, programming languages, implementation, specification, distribution, databases, and design.