Concurrency and distribution have become the dominant paradigm and concern in computer science. Despite the fact that much of the early research in object-oriented programming focused on sequential systems, objects are a natural unit of distribution and concurrency - as elucidated early on by research on the Actor model. Thus, models and theories of concurrency, the oldest one being Petri nets, and their relation to objects are an attractive topic of study.This book presents state-of-the-art results on Petri nets and concurrent object-oriented programming in a coherent and competent way. The 24 thoroughly reviewed and revised papers are organized in three sections. The first consists of long papers, each presenting a detailed approach to integrating Petri nets and object-orientation. Section II includes shorter papers with emphasis on concrete examples to demonstrate the approach. Finally, section III is devoted to papers which significantly build on the Actor model of computation.

Following a 13-year tradition of excellence, the 14th ECOOP conference repeated the success of its predecessors. This excellence is certainly due to the level of maturity that object-oriented technology has reached, which warrants its use as a key paradigm in any computerized system. The principles of the object-oriented paradigm and the features of systems, languages, tools, and methodologies based on it are a source of research ideas and solutions to many in all areas of computer science. ECOOP 2000 showed a thriving eld characterized by success on the practical side and at the same time by continuous scienti c growth. Firmly established as a leading forum in the object-oriented arena, ECOOP 2000 received 109 high quality submissions. After a thorough review process, the program committee selected 20 papers, which well re?ect relevant trends in object-oriented research: object modeling, type theory, distribution and coo- ration, advanced tools, programming languages. The program committee, c- sisting of 31 distinguished researchers in object-orientation, met in Milan, Italy, to select the papers for inclusion in the technical program of the conference.

Symbolic C++: An Introduction to Computer Algebra Using Object-Oriented Programming provides a concise introduction to C++ and object-oriented programming, using a step-by-step construction of a new object-oriented designed computer algebra system - Symbolic C++. It shows how object-oriented programming can be used to implement a symbolic algebra system and how this can then be applied to different areas in mathematics and physics. This second revised edition:- * Explains the new powerful classes that have been added to Symbolic C++. * Includes the Standard Template Library. * Extends the Java section. * Contains useful classes in scientific computation. * Contains extended coverage of Maple, Mathematica, Reduce and MuPAD.

This book documents the satellite events run around the 14th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP 2000 in Cannes and Sophia Antipolis in June 2000. The book presents 18 high-quality value-adding workshop reports, one panel transcription, and 15 posters. All in all, the book offers a comprehensive and thought-provoking snapshot of the current research in object-orientation. The wealth of information provided spans the whole range of object technology, ranging from theoretical and foundational issues to applications in various domains.

In this book, the author develops an object-centered framework with specialized support of the part-of relation based on description logics. These logics are a family of object-centered knowledge representation languages tailored for describing knowledge about concepts and is-a hierarchies of these concepts. In addition to the representation and reasoning facilities provided by description logics for is-a, representation and reasoning facilities are introduced for part-of. Finally, the feasibility and the usefulness of the approach is demonstrated by applying the framework to various areas including domain modeling, agent-oriented scenarios, document management and retrieval, and composite concept learning.

The 13th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP'99) brought some 500 participants to Lisbon from June 14th to June 18th, 1999. As usual, the workshops took place during the rst two days of the conference and gave authors and participants an opportunity to present and discuss the most topicalandinnovativeideasinobject-oriented technology.Theimportanceofthe workshopswithinthecontext ofECOOPisbecomingincreasinglyrecognised; for the rs t time inthe history of the conference, the number of workshopproposals for ECOOP'99 actually exceeded the slots availableand some had to be refused. In addition to the usual conference proceedings, Springer-Verlag has also undertaken, forthe pasttwo years, the publicationof a WorkshopReader, which bringstogether the results of the workshops, panels, and posters held during the conference. This book, the 4th ECOOP WorkshopReader, di ers from previous editions in two signi cant ways. Firstly, instead of simply reproducing the position - pers, it presents an overview of the main points made by the authors as well as a summary of the discussions that took place. Secondly, to make the text more uniformandreadable, allchapters havebeen written ina commonformat(using LaTeX lncs style les). This book was only possible thanks to the eo rt of each workshop organiser in particular, and each workshop, poster, and panel participant in general. The innovations introduced in this book implied additional work for the workshop organisers in terms of recording and summarising the discussions as well as adapting the written presentations to a common format. This extra e ort will certainly be appreciated by the readers.

\While in geometry attempts to square the circle never succeeded, the UML has achieved it: states canbeimplementedasclasses. "{\Wehavemade much progressfrom thetime cloudswere used. " The Uni ed Modeling Language is described as a language for \specifying, - sualizing, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of software systems" and for business modeling (OMG UML V1. x documents). The UML re?ects some of the best experiences in object-oriented modeling, thus it has the potential to become a widely-used standard object-oriented modeling language. As a generally-applicable standard the UML has to be both ?exible (ext- sible, adaptable, modia ble) and precise. Flexibility is needed if the UML is to be used in a variety of application domains. Tailoring of UML syntax and adaptation of UML semantics to system domains is highly desirable. Incor- rating domain-specic concepts into the language will yield modeling languages that more e ectively support system development in these domains. Tailoring may involve determining a subset of the UML that is applicable to the domain, extending or modifying existing language elements, or den ing new language elements. One can envisage UML variants that are tailored to specic domains, for example, UML for real-time systems, multimedia systems, and for intern- based systems. Furthermore, one can also de ne UML variants that determine levels of sophistication in the use of the UML.

A book that furnishes no quotations is, me judice, no book - it is a plaything. TL Peacock: Crochet Castle The paradigm presented in this book is proposed as an agent programming language. The book charts the evolution of the language from Prolog to intelligent agents. To a large extent, intelligent agents rose to prominence in the mid-1990s because of the World Wide Web and an ill-structured network of multimedia information. Age- oriented programming was a natural progression from object-oriented programming which C++ and more recently Java popularized. Another strand of influence came from a revival of interest in robotics [Brooks, 1991a; 1991b]. The quintessence of an agent is an intelligent, willing slave. Speculation in the area of artificial slaves is far more ancient than twentieth century science fiction. One documented example is found in Aristotle's Politics written in the fourth century BC. Aristotle classifies the slave as "an animate article of property". He suggests that slaves or subordinates might not be necessary if "each instrument could do its own work at command or by anticipation like the statues of Daedalus and the tripods of Hephaestus". Reference to the legendary robots devised by these mythological technocrats, the former an artificer who made wings for Icarus and the latter a blacksmith god, testify that the concept of robot, if not the name, was ancient even in Aristotle's time.

Intended to teach readers Java and object orientation, as well as presenting object oriented design and analysis, Java for Practitioners is written such that it is possible to dip into chapters as required. It introduces concepts by getting the reader to follow exercises, rather than by extensive discussion, and includes the new release 1.2 of Java. Practicals are included at the of each chapter, as well as the Java Self-Tester, designed to allow readers to determine whether they are ready to take the Sun Java Certification exam, and follows a similar format and style to the actual Online Certification Examination. In short, a thoroughly comprehensive guide.

This volume contains mainly the revised versions of papers presented at the wo- shop '98, "Beyond the Notation," that took place in Mulhouse, France on June 3-4, 1998. We thank all those that have made this possible, and particularly all the people in Mulhouse that worked hard to make this meeting a success, with such a short delay between the announcement and the realization. We are specially grateful to Nathalie Gaertner, who put in a tremendous amount of effort in the initial preparation of the workshop. We were pleasantly surprised of the quality of the submitted material and of the level of the technical exchanges at the Mulhouse meeting. More than one hundred attendees, from about twenty different countries, representing the main actors in the UML research and development scene, gathered in Mulhouse for two full study days. We would like to express our deepest appreciation to the authors of submitted - pers, the editorial committee for this volume, the program committee for the initial workshop, the external referees, and many others who contributed towards the final contents of this volume. April 1999 Jean Bezivin Pierre-Alain Muller"

The papers in this volume were selected for presentation at the Ninth Annual International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC'98), heldonDecember14-16,1998inTaejon, Korea.P- viousmeetingswereheldinTokyo(1990), Taipei(1991), Nagoya (1992), HongKong(1993), Beijing(1994), Cairns(1995), Osaka (1996), andSingapore(1997). The symposium was jointly sponsored by Korea Advanced - stitute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Korea Information Science Society (KISS) to commemorate its 25th anniversary in - operationwithMinistryofInformationandCommunication, Korea InformationSocietyDevelopmentInstitute, andKoreaScienceand Engineering Foundation. Inresponsetothecallforpapers,102extendedabstractswere submitted from 21 countries. Each submitted paper was reported on byatleastfourprogramcommitteemembers, withtheassistance ofreferees, asindicatedbytherefereelistfoundintheseproce- ings. There were many more acceptable papers than there was space availableinthesymposiumschedule, andtheprogramcommittee's task was extremely di?cult. The 47 papers selected for presentation hadatotalof105authors, residentasfollows: Japan24, Germany 17, UnitedStateofAmerica15, Taiwan10, HongKongandKorea 6each, Spain5, SwitzerlandandAustralia4each, Austria, Canada, andFrance3each, ItalyandNetherlands2each, andGreece1. We thank all program committee members and their referees fortheirexcellentwork, especiallygiventhedemandingtimec- straints; they gave the symposium its distinctive character. We thank all who submitted papers for consideration: they all contributed to the high quality of the symposium. Finally, wethankallthepeoplewhoworkedhardtoputinplace the logistical arrangements of the symposium - our colleagues and our graduate students. It is their hard work that made the sym- sium possi

At the time of writing (mid-October 1998) we can look back at what has been a very successful ECOOP'98. Despite the time of the year - in the middle of what is traditionally regarded as a holiday period - ECOOP'98 was a record breaker in terms of number of participants. Over 700 persons found their way to the campus of the Brussels Free University to participate in a wide range of activities. This 3rd ECOOP workshop reader reports on many of these activities. It contains a careful selection of the input and a cautious summary of the outcome for the numerous discussions that happened during the workshops, demonstrations and posters. As such, this book serves as an excellent snapshot of the state of the art in the field of object oriented programming. About the diversity of the submissions A workshop reader is, by its very nature, quite diverse in the topics covered as well as in the form of its contributions. This reader is not an exception to this rule: as editors we have given the respective organizers much freedom in their choice of presentation because we feel form follows content. This explains the diversity in the types of reports as well as in their lay out.

This proceedings contains some of the papers presented at the Business Object and Implementation Workshops held at OOPSLA'96, OOPSLA'97 and OOPSLA'98. The main theme of the workshops is to document the evolution of business objects, from ~any perspectives, including modelling, implementation, standards and applications. The 1996 workshop intended to clarify the specification, design, and implementation of interoperable, plug and play, distributed business object components and their suitability for delivery of enterprise applications; and to assess the impact of the WWW and, more specifically, the Intranet on the design and implementation of business object components. The main focus of the workshop was: What design patterns will allow implementation of business objects as plug and play components? How can these components be assembled into domain specific frameworks? What are the appropriate architectures/mechanisms as distributed object systems? What for implementing these frameworks organisational and development process issues need to be addressed to successfully deliver these systems? Is this approach an effective means for deploying enterprise application solutions? The third annual workshop (OOPSLA'97) was jointly sponsored by the Accredited Standards Committee X3H7 Object Information Management Technical Committee and the Object Management Group (OMG) Business Object Domain Task Force (BODTF) for the purpose of soliciting technical position papers relevant to the design and implementation of Business Object Systems.

\My tailor is Object-Oriented." Most software systems that have been built - cently are claimed to be Object-Oriented. Even older software systems that are still in commercial use have been upgraded with some OO ?avors. The range of areas where OO can be viewed as a \must-have" feature seems to be as large as the number of elds in computer science. If we stick to one of the original views of OO, that is, to create cost-e ective software solutions through modeling ph- ical abstractions, the application of OO to any eld of computer science does indeed make sense. There are OO programming languages, OO operating s- tems, OO databases, OO speci cations, OO methodologies, etc. So what does a conference on Object-Oriented Programming really mean? I honestly don't know. What I do know is that, since its creation in 1987, ECOOP has been attracting a large number of contributions, and ECOOP conferences have ended up with high-quality technical programs, featuring interesting mixtures of theory and practice. Among the 183 initial submissions to ECOOP'99, 20 papers were selected for inclusion in the technical program of the conference. Every paper was reviewed by three to ve referees. The selection of papers was carried out during a t- day program committee meeting at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. Papers were judged according to their originality, presentation qu- ity, and relevance to the conference topics.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP'98, held in Brussels, Belgium, in July 1998.
The book presents 24 revised full technical papers selected for inclusion from a total of 124 submissions; also presented are two invited papers. The papers are organized in topical sections on modelling ideas and experiences; design patterns and frameworks; language problems and solutions; distributed memory systems; reuse, adaption and hardware support; reflection; extensible objects and types; and mixins, inheritance and type analysis complexity.

Most of the articles in this volume are revised versions of papers presented during the 1st GROOM-Workshop on the Unified Modeling Language (UML). GROOM (Grundlagen objektorientierter Modellierung) is a working group of the Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI), the German Society of Computer Science. The workshop took place at the University of Mannheim (Germany) in October 1997; the local organizers were Martin Schader and Axel Korthaus, Department of Information Systems. The scientific program of the workshop included 21 talks, presented in German language on Friday, Oct. 10th, and Saturday, Oct. 11th, 1997. Researchers and practitioners interested in object-oriented software development, analysis and design of software systems, standardization efforts in the field of object technology, and particularly in the main topic of the workshop: ''Applications, State of the Art, and Evaluation of the Unified Modeling Language" had the opportunity to discuss recent developments and to establish cooperation in these fields. The workshop owed much to its sponsors and supporters - University of Mannheim - Faculty of Business Administration, University of Mannheim - Sun Microsystems GmbH - Apcon Professional Concepts GmbH. Their generous support is gratefully acknowledged. In the present proceedings volume, papers are presented in three chapters as follows.

This volume contains the Proceedings of the International Symposium on C- puting in Object-Oriented Parallel Environments (ISCOPE '98), held at Santa 1 Fe, New Mexico, USA on December 8{11, 1998. ISCOPE is in its second year, and continues to grow both in attendance and in the diversity of the subjects covered. ISCOPE'97 and its predecessor conferences focused more narrowly on scienti c computing in the high-performance arena. ISCOPE '98 retains this emphasis, but has broadened to include discrete-event simulation, mobile c- puting, and web-based metacomputing. The ISCOPE '98 Program Committee received 39 submissions, and acc- ted 10 (26%) as Regular Papers, based on their excellent content, maturity of development, and likelihood for widespread interest. These 10 are divided into three technical categories. Applications: The rst paper describes an approach to simulating advanced nuclear power reactor designs that incorporates multiple local solution - thods and a natural extension to parallel execution. The second paper disc- ses a Time Warp simulation kernel that is highly con gurable and portable. The third gives an account of the development of software for simulating high-intensity charged particle beams in linear particle accelerators, based on the POOMA framework, that shows performance considerably better than an HPF version, along with good parallel speedup.

Jan Bosch Stuart Mitchell University of Karlskrona/Ronneby University of York Dept of Computer Science Dept of Computer Science SoftCenter, S-372 25, Ronneby, Sweden York, United Kingdom Jan.Bosch@ide.hk-r.se Stuart@minster.cs.york.ac.uk 1 Introduction Although becoming more accepted in software industry, object-oriented technology still is an active ?eld of research with many issues remaining to be addressed. This workshop reader, in a way, presents the width of the ongoing research activities in object-orientation. However, we feel one can classify these activities into three cate- ries: * Domain-speci?c: Several activities focus on a single application, e.g. telec- munication, or computer-science, e.g. real-time and mobility, domain. Research tries to address the domain-speci?c problems of object-oriented technology. * Design issues: Object-oriented design has been an issue for at least a decade, but one can identify an increasing focus on formal approaches and on the evo- tion and re-engineering of existing object-oriented software. * Beyond object-orientation: The object-oriented paradigm will, at some point, be replaced by a subsequent paradigm and several research efforts investigate alternative or extended approaches. Examples are extended language expr- siveness for, e.g. design patterns and frameworks, component-oriented p- gramming and aspect-oriented programming. 2 Contents The remainder of this book is a selection and re-iteration of the contributions to 12 workshops (of a total of 15) held during the ECOOP'97 conference. The workshops generally relate to one of the above categories.

The Sorbonne University is very proud to host this year the oms Conference on Object Oriented Information Systems. There is a growing awareness of the importance of object oriented techniques, methods and tools to support information systems engineering. The term information systems implies that the computer based systems are designed to provide adequate and timely information to human users in organizations. The term engineering implies the application of a rigorous set of problem solving approaches analogous to those found in traditional engineering disciplines. The intent of this conference is to present a selected number of those approaches which favor an object oriented view of systems engineering. oms '98 is the fifth edition of a series of conferences. Starting in 1994 in London, this series evolved from a British audience to a truly European one. The goal is to build a world wide acknowledged forum dedicated to object oriented information systems engineering. This conference is organized with the aim to bring together researchers and practitioners in Information Systems, Databases and Software Engineering who have interests in object oriented information systems. The objective is to advance understanding about how the object technology can empower information systems in organizations, on techniques for designing effective and efficient information systems and methods and development tools for information systems engineering. The conference aims also at discussing the lessons learned from large scale projects using objects. The call for oms was given international audience.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Scientific Computing in Object-Oriented Parallel Environments, ISCOPE '97, held in Marina del Rey, California, in December 1997. The volume presents 36 revised papers carefully selected for inclusion in the book. The papers address run-time performance optimization at several levels, new language programming paradigms, applications of Java-based technology, direct applications in various areas, object-oriented libraries, and new ideas and approaches to parallel scientific computing. All in all, this is an up-to-date presentation of the state-of-the-art in the application of object-oriented methods in scientific and engineering applications.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Deductive and Object-Oriented Databases, DOOD'97, held in Montreux, Switzerland, in December 1997. The 22 revised full papers presented in this book were selected from a total of 59 submissions. Also included are abstracts or full versions of three invited talks and three tutorials and six short presentations. The papers are organized in topical sections on materialized view maintenance, extending DBMs features, database updates, managing change in object databases, semantics of active databases, formal semantics, and new directions.

The papers published here highlight the contributions of leading researchers in the field who are working with object-oriented technology, theory and practice. Among the topics to be covered are: object-relational data technology; distributed object computing; patterns and frameworks; concepts and methodologies; multimedia systems; object-0riented metrics; object reuse; object ontologies; business process re-design; knowledge management; object database management systems; and interoperability issues. Areas of significant interest to industry, especially in providing innovative directions for the development of next generation systems, are also covered.

Anyone developing software today is likely to be doing so in a Windows environment and is likely to be using Visual Basic as the development language. This Essential guide focuses on the basics of the language instead of burdening the eager user with small details contained in the manuals. Providing a clear and precise explanation of the most important features of VB5, the book allows readers to develop programs with the same heavyweight feel as the best programs from Microsoft and others.

This book is aimed at students who need to learn the basics of programming or who are studying computing. It is a "hands on" book containing many examples which start by illustrating basic Oberon-2 language features and gradually increase in scope to cover object-oriented programming concepts and constructs. Oberon-2 is a successor to the language Pascal, which was also designed by Prof. N. Wirth [Wir71J. It has quickly become a major language used for teaching purposes. The only thing you need for successfully working through the book is to have access to a computer running Windows 3. 11 or Windows 95. The material in the book is useful to students of schools, colleges, and universities for teaching Oberon-2 and programming at an introductory level. of the book is not focused on software engineering or object The scope oriented technology; other books mentioned in the reference section already cover these topics in much greater depth. However, the examples in the book have been designed with these topics firmly in mind. Currently the term "object-oriented" is very much in fashion, having taken over from structured programming of the 1970s and '80s. In this book we have taken the view that a structured programming approach can be used to teach the fundamentals of programming algorithms. The object-oriented approach is then brought in as a complementary way to think, analyze, design and program.

This book constitutes the strictly refereed proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP'97, held in Jyvaskyla, Finland, in June 1997.
The book presents 20 revised full papers selected from a total of 103 submissions; also included are two full invited presentations and one abstract of an invited talk. The book is divided into topical sections on programming languages, types, metaprogramming, implementation and systems, formal methods and specifications, Java, and patterns. All in all, the volume impressively demonstrates that object-oriented technology has grown from a limited academic exercise to an industrial driving force."