This book presents an overview of two approaches to software engineering - formal methods and object-oriented techniques - and by extracting the best aspects of each demonstrates how better and safer software is being developed. Three main strands of research are identified and discussed: the application of formal techniques to object technology; the extension of formal methods with object-oriented concepts; and the formal foundations of object technology. Examples of each approach are included and areas such as concurrency and real time, which are especially important in the development of large scale, distributed and safety critical systems, are addressed. By focusing on these two, previously independent, techniques and illustrating how their merger is resulting in the development of tools which are essential to the development of large scale software the editors of this book have provided valuable coverage of this rapidly developing and important area.

Conventional object-oriented data models are closed: although they allow users to define application-specific classes, they usually come with a fixed set of modelling primitives. This constitutes a major problem, as different application domains, e.g. database integration or multimedia, need special support.
Using an extended metaclass concept, this book provides for the solution of this problem a simple but extendible open object-oriented data model, a so-called RISC model. By introducing the basic concepts of the open object-oriented database management system VODAK, it demonstrates how the extended metaclass concept can be integrated homogeneously into object-oriented data models.

Ever reach an impasse while writing code because you couldn't remember how something in Java worked? This pocket guide is designed to keep you moving. Concise, convenient and easy to use, Java Pocket Guide gives you Java stripped down to its bare essentials - in fact, it's the only quick reference guide to Java that you can actually fit in your pocket. Written by Robert and Patricia Liguori, senior software and lead information engineers for Java-based air traffic management and simulation environments, Java Pocket Guide contains everything you really need to know about Java, particularly everything you need to remember. This updated edition pays special attention to the new areas in Java 7 and 8, such as lambda expressions. Why is the Java Pocket Guide important? It's the only quick reference guide to Java available Lets you find important things quickly without consulting 1000-page tutorials Includes many command-line options Organized for quick and easy use on the job Java Pocket Guide is for experienced Java programmers who need quick reminders of how particular language elements work. Simply put, this pocket guide offers practical help for practicing developers.

This volume presents the proceedings of the International Symposium on Object-Oriented Methodologies and Systems (ISOOMS '94), held in Palermo, Italy in September 1994 in conjunction with the AICA 1994 Italian Computer Conference.
The 25 full papers included cover not only technical areas of object-orientation, such as databases, programming languages, and methodological aspects, but also application areas. The book is organized in chapters on object-oriented databases, object-oriented analysis, behavior modeling, object-oriented programming languages, object-oriented information systems, and object-oriented systems development.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECCOP '94), held in Bologna, Italy in July 1994. ECOOP is the premier European event on object-oriented programming and technology. The 25 full refereed papers presented in the volume were selected from 161 submissions; they are grouped in sessions on class design, concurrency, patterns, declarative programming, implementation, specification, dispatching, and experience. Together with the keynote speech "Beyond Objects" by Luc Steels (Brussels) and the invited paper "Putting Objects to Work" by Norbert A. Streitz (GMD-IPSI, Darmstadt) they offer an exciting perspective on object-oriented programming research and applications.

This volume contains papers from the OOPSLA-93 Conference Workshop on Security for Object-Oriented Systems, held in Washington DC, USA, on 26 September 1993. The workshop addressed the issue of how to introduce an acceptable level of security into object-oriented systems, as the use of such systems becomes increasingly widespread. The topic is approached from two different, but complementary, viewpoints: the incorporation of security into object-oriented systems, and the use of object-oriented design and modelling techniques for designing secure applications. The papers cover a variety of issues, relating to both mandatory and discretionary security, including security facilities of PCTE, information flow control, the design of multilevel secure data models, and secure database interoperation via role translation. The resulting volume provides a comprehensive overview of current work in this important area of research.

Interest has grown rapidly over the past dozen years in the application of object-oriented programming and methods to the development of distributed, open systems. This volume presents the proceedings of a workshop intended to assess the current state of research in this field and to facilitate interaction between groups working on very different aspects of object-oriented distributed systems. The workshop was held as part of the 1993 European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP '93). Over fifty people submitted position papers and participated in the workshop, and almost half presented papers. The presented papers were carefully reviewed and revised after the workshop, and 14 papers were selected for this volume.

This volume contains the papers presented at the Intemational Conference on Object Oriented Information Systems 00lS'94, held at South Bank University, London, December 19 - 21, 1994. In response to our call for papers, a total 85 papers from 24 different countries were submitted. Each paper was evaluated by at least two Program Committee members and an additional reviewer. Together, we selected 41 papers for presentation at the conference and inclusion in the Proceedings. Also included are the keynote addresses by Peter Gray and Michael Jackson. The other submissions were recommended for presentation in the poster sessions. Peter Gray, our invited speaker, evaluates the problems of object-oriented systems and data independence by looking at how object oriented database applications are failing to perceive its benefits, and instead rely too much on encapsulation. He suggests alternative kinds of object storage to preserve data independence. The second invited speaker, Michael Jackson describes a way of solving problems, by focusing directly on the problems themselves, their components and structures and on the relationships between the problem and the solution method. He discusses a particular view of the role of object-orientation in software development.

This volume presents a comprehensive first course in the Monte Carlo method which will be suitable for graduate and undergraduate students in the mathematical sciences and engineering, principally operations research, statistics, mathematics, and computer science. The reader is assumed to have a sound understanding of calculus, introductory matrix analysis, probability, and intermediate statistics, but otherwise the book is self-contained. As well as a thorough exploration of the important concepts of the Monte Carlo method, the volume includes over 90 algorithms which allow the reader to move rapidly from the concepts to putting them into practice. The book also contains numerous exercises, many of them hands-on implementations of selected algoriths to demonstrate the application of these ideas in realistic settings. Software, freely available via ftp and portable across computing platforms, provides programs for pseudorandom number generation and statistical sample path data analysis. The software is suitable for use with the exercises as well as for more general applications. For professional mathematical scientists and engineers this book provides a ready reference to the Monte Carlo method, especially to implementable algoritzms for performing sampling experiments on a computer and for analyzing their results.

This volume presents carefully refereed versions of the best papers presented at the Workshop on Models and Languages for Coordination of Parallelism and Distribution, held during ECOOP '94 in Bologna, Italy in July 1994.
Recently a new class of models and languages for distributed and parallel programming has evolved; all these models share a few basic concepts: simple features for data description and a small number of mechanisms for coordinating the work of agents in a distributed setting. This volume demonstrates that integrating such features with those known from concurrent object-oriented programming is very promising with regard to language support for distribution and software composition.

Database management is attracting wide interest in both academic and industrial contexts. New application areas such as CAD/CAM, geographic information systems, and multimedia are emerging. The needs of these application areas are far more complex than those of conventional business applications. The purpose of this book is to bring together a set of current research issues that addresses a broad spectrum of topics related to database systems and applications. The book is divided into four parts: - object-oriented databases, - temporal/historical database systems, - query processing in database systems, - heterogeneity, interoperability, open system architectures, multimedia database systems.

This volume contains the proceedings of the Third International Conference on Deductive and Object-Oriented Databases. Its central tenet is that the object-oriented and deductive paradigms for modeling, organizing, and processing data complement each other, rather than competing, and that problems involving massive volumes of complex data can best be solved by integrating the best of both approaches. Central questions in the area are: - How do we design a tool that presents the best of the object-oriented and declarative ideas? - How can the users of this tool express their problems in a combination of declarative and procedural features? The volume includes 29 papers that contribute towards answering these questions.

It is now more than twenty-five years since object-oriented programming was "inve- ed" (actually, more than thirty years since work on Simula started), but, by all accounts, it would appear as if object-oriented technology has only been "discovered" in the past ten years! When the first European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming was held in Paris in 1987, I think it was generally assumed that Object-Oriented Progr- ming, like Structured Programming, would quickly enter the vernacular, and that a c- ference on the subject would rapidly become superfluous. On the contrary, the range and impact of object-oriented approaches and methods continues to expand, and, - spite the inevitable oversell and hype, object-oriented technology has reached a level of scientific maturity that few could have foreseen ten years ago. Object-oriented technology also cuts across scientific cultural boundaries like p- haps no other field of computer science, as object-oriented concepts can be applied to virtually all the other areas and affect virtually all aspects of the software life cycle. (So, in retrospect, emphasizing just Programming in the name of the conference was perhaps somewhat short-sighted, but at least the acronym is pronounceable and easy to rem- ber!) This year's ECOOP attracted 146 submissions from around the world - making the selection process even tougher than usual. The selected papers range in topic from programming language and database issues to analysis and design and reuse, and from experience reports to theoretical contributions.

This volume contains papers from the Eighth Z User Meeting, to be held at the University of Cambridge from 29 - 30 June 1994. The papers cover a wide range of issues associated with Z and formal methods, with particular reference to practical application. These issues include education, standards, tool support, and interaction with other design paradigms such as consideration of real-time and object-oriented approaches to development. Among the actual topics covered are: the formal specification in Z of Defence Standard 00-56; formal specification of telephone features; specifying and interpreting class hierarchies in Z; and software quality assurance using the SAZ method. Z User Workshop, Cambridge 1994 provides an important overview of current research into industrial applications of Z, and will provide invaluable reading for researchers, postgraduate students and also potential industrial users of Z.

The algebraic specification of abstract data types has been a flourishing research topic in computer science since 1974. The main goal of this work isto evolve theoretical foundations and a methodology to support the design and formal development of reliable software. This volume gives the proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on Specification of Abstract Data Types, held jointly with the Third COMPASS workshop near Paris in August 1991. The main topics covered by the joint workshop are: - specification languagesand program development - algebraic specification of concurrency - theorem proving - object-oriented specifications - order-sorted algebras - abstract implementation and behavioral semantics. The volume contains four invited surveys and twelve contributed papers, all of which underwent a careful refereeing process.

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the First International Symposiumorganized by the Japan Society for Software Science and Technology. The symposium was held in Kanazawa, Japan, November 4-6, 1993 and attracted many researchers from academia and industry as well as ambitioned practitioners. Object technologies, in particular object-oriented programming, object-oriented databases, and software object bases, currently attract much attention and hold a great promise of future research and development in diverse areas of advanced software. The volume contains besides 6 invited presentations by renown researchers and 25 contributed papers carefully selected by an internationalprogram committee from a total of 92 submissions.

This volume comprises the proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on the Entity-Relationship Approach held in Karlsruhe, Germany, October 7-9, 1992. It contains the full versions of all the 22 accepted papers selected from in total 64 submissions; in addition, the two invited talks by Scheer and by Tsichritzis and others are represented asfull papers and the two other invited speakers contribute extended abstracts. All the contributions describe original research related to theoretical or practical aspects of the Entity-Relationship Approach, reflecting the trend of recent years in a wide range of database research activities. In particular, the topics database design aspects, object-orientation, integrity constraints, query languages, knowledge-based techniques, and development of new applications are addressed.

This volume contains the proceedings of the twelfth Ada-Europe conference, held in France in 1993. The French name "Ada sans fronti res" (the only French words in the book) symbolizes the unlimitedness and novelty of Ada, as well as Europe-wide interest. Many papers relate to Ada-9X, the new standard that the Ada coimmunity is close to achieving after worldwide consultation and debate about requirements, specification, anddetailed definition. Their focus is on management, real-time, and compiler validation. Part of the conference was on object orientation, together with various issues relating to the general structure of the language, including exceptions to a certain use of genericity and heterogeneous data, efficiency, formal requirements and CASEs, and comparison with a competitor language. A third part relates to real-time, past with performance measurement, present with certification andapplications, and future with the ExTRA project and 9X.

Object-orientation and the need for multi-paradigmatic systems constitute a challenge for researchers, practitioners and instructors. Presentations at the OCG/NJSZT joint conference in Klagenfurt, Austria, in September 1992 addressed these issues. The proceedings comprise such topics as: project management, artificial intelligence - modelling aspects, artificial intelligence - tool building aspects, language features, object-orientied software development, the challenge of coping with complexity, methodology, and experience, software engineering education, science policy, etc.

This is the first book entirely dedicated to the problem of memory management in programming language implementation. Its originality stems from the diversity of languages and approaches presented: functional programming, logic programming, object oriented programming, and parallel and sequential programming. The book contains 29 selected and refereed papers including 3 survey papers, 4 on distributed systems, 4 on parallelism, 4 on functional languages, 3 on logic programming languages, 3 on object oriented languages, 3 on incremental garbage collection, 2 on improving locality, 2 on massively parallel architectures, and an invited paper on the thermodynamics of garbage collection. The book provides a snapshot of the latest research in the domain of memory management for high-level programming language implementations.

The Database and Expert Systems Application -DEXA - conferences are mainly oriented to establish a state-of-the art forum on Database and Expert System applications. But Practice without Theory has no sense, as Leonardo said five centuries ago. In this Conference we try a comprornise between these two complementary aspects. A total of 5 sessions are application-oriented, ranging from classical applications to more unusual ones in Software Engineering. Recent research aspects in Databases, such as activity, deductivity and/or Object Orientation are also present in DEXA 92, as weIl as the implication of the new "data models" such as OO-Model, Deductive Model, etc .. included in the Modelling sessions. Other areas of interest, such as Hyper-Text and Multimedia application, together with the classical field of Information Retrieval are also considered. FinaIly, Implementation Apects are reflected in very concrete fields. A total of of nearly 200 papers submitted from all over the world were sent to DEXA 92. Only 90 could be accepted. A Poster session has also been establishcd. DEXA 90 was held in Vienna, Austria; DEXA 91 in Berlin, Germany; and DEXA 92 will take place in Valencia, Spain, where we are celebrating the discovery of thc New World just five centurics ago, in Leonardo's age. Both the quality of the Conference and the compromise between Practice and Thcory are duc to the credit of all the DEXA 92 authors.

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the sixth European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP), held in Utrecht, The Netherlands, June 29 - July 3, 1992. Since the "French initiative" to organize the first conference in Paris, ECOOP has been a very successful forum for discussing the state of the art of object orientation. ECOOP has been able to attract papers of a high scientific quality as well as high quality experience papers describing the pros and cons of using object orientation in practice. This duality between theory and practice within object orientation makes a good example of experimental computer science. The volume contains 24 papers, including two invited papers and 22 papers selected by the programme committee from 124 submissions. Each submitted paper was reviewed by 3-4 people, and the selection of papers was based only on the quality of the papers themselves.

The growing demand for information systems of ever-increasing size, scope, and complexity has highlighted the benefits that may be accrued from approaches which recognize the interrelationships between different technological strands in the field of information systems. Typical examples of these areas include: system development methods, CASE, requirements engineering, database design, and re-use. The CAiSE series of conferences provides the forum for the exchange of results and ideas within these different technological spheres from a single perspective, namely that of information systems development and management. The 1992 conference, the fourth in the series, continues this tradition. This volume collects the papers accepted for the conference, with authors from 16 countries covering a wide range of topics including: object-oriented analysis and design methods, the development process and product support, requirements engineering, re-use, design approaches, and deductive approaches.

These are the proceedings of the third International conference on ExtendingDatabase Technology (EDBT) held in Vienna in March 1992. The success of the 1988 and 1990 conferences held in Venice suggested that there is room for a major international database conference in Europe every two years, to serve as a forum for presentation of new results in research, developmentand applications extending the state of the art in database technology. The 1992 EDBT conference has attracted a lot of interest. This volume contains 33 papers selected from 220 papers submitted by authors from more than 30 countries, including invited papers by F. Bancilhon and R. Reiter. The volume is organized into sections on: visual interfaces and multimedia techniques, deductive databases, schema updatability, object-oriented databases, updating in deductive databases and knowledge bases, indexing techniques, parallel processing, distributed databases, knowledge bases, transaction processing, and query processing.