This volume comprises the proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on the Entity-Relationship Approach held in Karlsruhe, Germany, October 7-9, 1992. It contains the full versions of all the 22 accepted papers selected from in total 64 submissions; in addition, the two invited talks by Scheer and by Tsichritzis and others are represented asfull papers and the two other invited speakers contribute extended abstracts. All the contributions describe original research related to theoretical or practical aspects of the Entity-Relationship Approach, reflecting the trend of recent years in a wide range of database research activities. In particular, the topics database design aspects, object-orientation, integrity constraints, query languages, knowledge-based techniques, and development of new applications are addressed.

This volume contains the proceedings of the twelfth Ada-Europe conference, held in France in 1993. The French name "Ada sans fronti res" (the only French words in the book) symbolizes the unlimitedness and novelty of Ada, as well as Europe-wide interest. Many papers relate to Ada-9X, the new standard that the Ada coimmunity is close to achieving after worldwide consultation and debate about requirements, specification, anddetailed definition. Their focus is on management, real-time, and compiler validation. Part of the conference was on object orientation, together with various issues relating to the general structure of the language, including exceptions to a certain use of genericity and heterogeneous data, efficiency, formal requirements and CASEs, and comparison with a competitor language. A third part relates to real-time, past with performance measurement, present with certification andapplications, and future with the ExTRA project and 9X.

Object-orientation and the need for multi-paradigmatic systems constitute a challenge for researchers, practitioners and instructors. Presentations at the OCG/NJSZT joint conference in Klagenfurt, Austria, in September 1992 addressed these issues. The proceedings comprise such topics as: project management, artificial intelligence - modelling aspects, artificial intelligence - tool building aspects, language features, object-orientied software development, the challenge of coping with complexity, methodology, and experience, software engineering education, science policy, etc.

This is the first book entirely dedicated to the problem of memory management in programming language implementation. Its originality stems from the diversity of languages and approaches presented: functional programming, logic programming, object oriented programming, and parallel and sequential programming. The book contains 29 selected and refereed papers including 3 survey papers, 4 on distributed systems, 4 on parallelism, 4 on functional languages, 3 on logic programming languages, 3 on object oriented languages, 3 on incremental garbage collection, 2 on improving locality, 2 on massively parallel architectures, and an invited paper on the thermodynamics of garbage collection. The book provides a snapshot of the latest research in the domain of memory management for high-level programming language implementations.

The Database and Expert Systems Application -DEXA - conferences are mainly oriented to establish a state-of-the art forum on Database and Expert System applications. But Practice without Theory has no sense, as Leonardo said five centuries ago. In this Conference we try a comprornise between these two complementary aspects. A total of 5 sessions are application-oriented, ranging from classical applications to more unusual ones in Software Engineering. Recent research aspects in Databases, such as activity, deductivity and/or Object Orientation are also present in DEXA 92, as weIl as the implication of the new "data models" such as OO-Model, Deductive Model, etc .. included in the Modelling sessions. Other areas of interest, such as Hyper-Text and Multimedia application, together with the classical field of Information Retrieval are also considered. FinaIly, Implementation Apects are reflected in very concrete fields. A total of of nearly 200 papers submitted from all over the world were sent to DEXA 92. Only 90 could be accepted. A Poster session has also been establishcd. DEXA 90 was held in Vienna, Austria; DEXA 91 in Berlin, Germany; and DEXA 92 will take place in Valencia, Spain, where we are celebrating the discovery of thc New World just five centurics ago, in Leonardo's age. Both the quality of the Conference and the compromise between Practice and Thcory are duc to the credit of all the DEXA 92 authors.

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the sixth European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP), held in Utrecht, The Netherlands, June 29 - July 3, 1992. Since the "French initiative" to organize the first conference in Paris, ECOOP has been a very successful forum for discussing the state of the art of object orientation. ECOOP has been able to attract papers of a high scientific quality as well as high quality experience papers describing the pros and cons of using object orientation in practice. This duality between theory and practice within object orientation makes a good example of experimental computer science. The volume contains 24 papers, including two invited papers and 22 papers selected by the programme committee from 124 submissions. Each submitted paper was reviewed by 3-4 people, and the selection of papers was based only on the quality of the papers themselves.

The growing demand for information systems of ever-increasing size, scope, and complexity has highlighted the benefits that may be accrued from approaches which recognize the interrelationships between different technological strands in the field of information systems. Typical examples of these areas include: system development methods, CASE, requirements engineering, database design, and re-use. The CAiSE series of conferences provides the forum for the exchange of results and ideas within these different technological spheres from a single perspective, namely that of information systems development and management. The 1992 conference, the fourth in the series, continues this tradition. This volume collects the papers accepted for the conference, with authors from 16 countries covering a wide range of topics including: object-oriented analysis and design methods, the development process and product support, requirements engineering, re-use, design approaches, and deductive approaches.

These are the proceedings of the third International conference on ExtendingDatabase Technology (EDBT) held in Vienna in March 1992. The success of the 1988 and 1990 conferences held in Venice suggested that there is room for a major international database conference in Europe every two years, to serve as a forum for presentation of new results in research, developmentand applications extending the state of the art in database technology. The 1992 EDBT conference has attracted a lot of interest. This volume contains 33 papers selected from 220 papers submitted by authors from more than 30 countries, including invited papers by F. Bancilhon and R. Reiter. The volume is organized into sections on: visual interfaces and multimedia techniques, deductive databases, schema updatability, object-oriented databases, updating in deductive databases and knowledge bases, indexing techniques, parallel processing, distributed databases, knowledge bases, transaction processing, and query processing.

This volume contains the papers accepted for presentation at the Fourth International Symposium on Programming Language Implementation and Logic Programming (PLILP '92) held in Leuven, Belgium, August 26-28, 1992. Theaim of the symposium was to explore new declarative concepts, methods and techniques relevant for implementation of all kinds of programming languages, whether algorithmic or declarative. The symposium gathered researchers from the fields of algorithmic programming languages as well as logic, functional, and object-oriented programming. The topics discussed in the volume include: - Declarative implementation techniques; - Implementation of declarative concepts and modules; - Compiler specification and construction; - Program transformation; - Programming environments for declarative languages; - Amalgamation of logic programming with algorithmic, functional, or object-oriented techniques; - Executable specification.

The main aim of this monograph is to provide a framework for the integrated design of object-oriented programs with algebraic specification techniques. The design method pursued relies fundamentally on the structuring of systems based on the notion of data types. Depending on the level of abstraction, data types are described in an object-oriented way by algebraic specifications or by machine-executable object-oriented programs. The treatment involves two main aspects. First, object-oriented programs have to be related by a notion of correctness that models the transition from specifications to program implementations. The author presents a notion of correctness which relies on the idea of abstraction functions. Second, in order to obtain an integrated design environment, a uniform structuring concept for object oriented programs and algebraic specifications has to be provided. Inheritance, subtyping and clientship are three central notions of object-oriented structuring. Theauthor uses them to develop the kernel of a typed object- oriented programming language. The monograph provides the formal foundation for a unified framework of algebraic specifications and object-oriented programs. A major guideline is the development of a design method supporting the structured design and reuse of software in this environment.

This collection of papers draws together a variety of approaches for adding ob ject orientation to the Z formal specification language. These papers are not a conference proceedings, but have a slightly more complicated his tory. This work has grown and evolved from some work originally done in the ZIP project, under the United Kingdom's Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) IED initiative. ZIP is a three year project which aims to make the use of the Z specification language more widespread. It hopes to achieve this by producing a standard for Zj developing a method for Zj building tool support for Zj and carrying out research into refinement, proof and concurrency in Z. The ZIP methods work includes performing a survey of current Z practitioners (reported in [Barden et al. 1992])j investigating current styles and methods of Z usagej and developing a Z Method handbook (available early in 1993). As part of this work, we carried out a comparative study of the ways in which object orientation has been combined with Z. A summary of that work has been published as [Stepney et al. 1992].

This volume is the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Deductive and Object-Oriented Databases (DOOD). During the last decade, deductive and object-oriented systems have received a great deal of attention, but for the most part these two fields were evolving independently of each other. Today there is a large body of work suggesting that the deductive and object-oriented paradigms complement each other. The object-oriented paradigm is characterized by its view of the data, whereby information is grouped around objects with complex internal structure accessed via methods. The declarative paradigm is centered around the idea that data manipulation must be done through a declarative, logic-based language. It is hoped that these two aspects, brought together in one system, will provide an integrated framework fora new database technology. The DOOD conference brings together researchers and developers in the fields of deductive and object-oriented databases to stimulate technical discussion and accelerate the integration of the two technologies. This volume contains 28 contributed papers (selected from 98 submissions) and two invited papers by world-renowned researchers.

Logic and object-orientation have come to be recognized as being among the most powerful paradigms for modeling information systems. The term "information systems" is used here in a very general context to denote database systems, software development systems, knowledge base systems, proof support systems, distributed systems and reactive systems. One of the most vigorously researched topics common to all information systems is "formal modeling." An elegant high-level abstraction applicable to both application domain and system domain concepts will always lead to a system design from "outside in"; that is, the aggregation of ideas is around real-life objects about which the system is to be designed. Formal methods \yhen applied with this view in mind, especially during early stages of system development, can lead to a formal reasoning on the intended properties, thus revealing system flaws that might otherwise be discovered much later. Logic in different styles and semantics is being used to model databases and their transactions; it is also used to specify concurrent, distributed, real-time, and reactive systems., The notion of "object" is central to the modeling of object oriented databases, as well as object-oriented design and programs in software engineering. Both database and software engineering communities have undoubtedly made important contributions to formalisms based on logic and objects. It is worthwhile bringing together the ideas developed by the two communities in isolation, and focusing on integrating their common strengths."

This volume contains selected papers from the symposium "New Results and NewTrends in Computer Science" held in Graz, Austria, June 20-21, 1991. The symposium was organized to give a wide-ranging overview of new work in the field on the occasion of the fiftieth birthday of the editor of the volume. Topics covered include: information on neural nets, ideas on a new paradigm for informatics, hypermedia systems and applications, axioms for concurrent processes, techniques for image generation and compression, the role of data visualization, object-oriented programming andgraphics, algorithms for layout compaction, new methods in database systems, the future of data networks, object-oriented artificial intelligence, problems in data structures and sorting, aspects of user interfaces, a theory of structures, applications of cryptography, evaluation of Ada, results in algorithmic geometry, remarks on the history of computers, and a novel interpretation of machine learning. In total, the 26 high-level contributions authored by prominent experts from all over the world give an up-to-date survey of almost all subfields of computer science. The book is written in a style which is easy to follow, and it is of interest for any computer scientist, be it in research, teaching or practice.

Spatial database management has become an important subarea of current database research. Research in this area is often characterized by interdisciplinary cooperation: computer scientists work with geographers andenvironmental scientists to provide better access to spatial databases of steadily increasing size. After the First Symposium on Large Spatial Databases (SSD '89) was held in Santa Barbara, California, in 1989 (and its proceedings published as Volume 409 of this series), a second symposium (SSD'91) was held in Zurich, Switzerland. This proceedings volume contains the papers presented at SSD '91. Topics include spatial data models and access methods, performance studies, geometric algorithms, spatial query languages and user interfaces, geographic information systems, and object-oriented techniques.

This volume contains the papers which have been accepted for presentation atthe Third International Symposium on Programming Language Implementation andLogic Programming (PLILP '91) held in Passau, Germany, August 26-28, 1991. The aim of the symposium was to explore new declarative concepts, methods and techniques relevant for the implementation of all kinds of programming languages, whether algorithmic or declarative ones. The intention was to gather researchers from the fields of algorithmic programming languages as well as logic, functional and object-oriented programming. This volume contains the two invited talks given at the symposium by H. Ait-Kaci and D.B. MacQueen, 32 selected papers, and abstracts of several system demonstrations. The proceedings of PLILP '88 and PLILP '90 are available as Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volumes 348 and 456.

Over the last few years, object-oriented programming has been recognized as the best way currently available of structuring software systems. It emphasizes grouping together data and the operations performed on them, encapsulating the whole behind a clean interface, and organizing the resulting entities in a hierarchy based on specialization in functionality. In this way it provides excellent support for the construction of large systems. Up to now, there has been relatively little effort to develop formal theories of object-oriented programming. However, for the field to mature, a more formal understanding of the basic concepts of object-oriented programming is necessary. This volume presents the proceedings of the School/Workshop on Foundations of Object-Oriented Programming (FOOL) held in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, May 28 - June 1, 1990. The workshop was an activity of the project REX (Research and Education in Concurrent Systems).

The emergence of new paradigms for data management raises a variety of exciting challenges. An important goal of database theory is to answer these challenges by providing sound foundations for the development of the field. This volume contains the papers selected for the third International Conference on Database Theory, ICDT'90. The conferences in this series are held biannually in beautiful European cities, Rome in 1986 and Bruges in 1988 with proceedings published as volumes 234 and 326 in the same series. ICDT'90 was organized in Paris by the Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique. The conference features 2 invited presentations and 31 papers selected from 129 submissions. The papers describe original ideas and new results on the foundations of databases, knowledge bases, object-oriented databases, relational theory, transaction management, data structures and deductive databases. The volume offers a good overview of the state of the art and the current trends in database theory. It should be a valuable source of information for researchers interested in the field.

This volume presents the proceedings of the 1991 Symposium on Mathematical Fundamentals of Database and Knowledge Base Systems, held in Rostock, FRG, May 6-9, 1991. This is the third in a series of biannual MFDBS conferences, which in future will be held together with ICDT, the International Conference on Database Theory. MFDBS 91 covers new developments in theoretical aspects of database and knowledge base systems and the design of databases and knowledge bases. Topics of the conference are: database and knowledge base models; deductive database and knowledge base systems; logical, algebraic and combinatorial fundamentals of database theory and design of databases; object-oriented databases and object-oriented modeling; fundamentals of query languages, transaction processing, distributed databases, concurrency control, access strategies, recovery, security, privacy, safety; fundamentals for integrity constraints and consistency in databases; models for database machines; models for user interfaces; design and implementation of non-standard databases.

The algebraic specification of abstract data types is now a well establishedresearch topic in computer science. This area influences both applications and theoretical foundations of methodologies which support the design and formal development of reliable software. The Seventh Workshop on Specification of Abstract Data Types took place in Wusterhausen/Dosse, April17-20, 1990, and was organized in cooperation with the ESPRIT Basic Research Working Group COMPASS. The main topics covered by the workshop were: - Modularization - Object orientation - Higher-order types anddependent types - Inductive completion - Algebraic high-level nets.

The approach described in [JonSl, JonS3a, JonS3b] set out to extend operation decom- position methods for sequential programs - such as are used in VDM [Jon90] - to cover concurrent shared-variable systems. The essential step in [JonSl] was to recognise that 1 inter/erence had to be specified. This is necessary in order to achieve a notion of compo- sitionality - contrast [Owi75]. Rather than the many erudite definitions of composition- ality (e. g. [ZwiSS]), the view taken here is that, when a development task is decomposed into sub-tasks, these must be simpler than the original 'task. This is easy to achieve for sequential programs: decomposing a specified operation S into (Sl; S2), the specifica- tions of the Sj should neither include unnecessary information from each other nor from the context (i. e. S). An interesting discussion of the 'Quest for Compositionality' (in the context of concurrency) is contained in [dRS5, dRS6]. The rely/guarantee idea provided an existence proof that specifications and developments could be made powerful enough to cope with some forms of interference. The work initially attracted little attention but 2 3 there have recently been some critiques and attempts to extend the work * Most notably, Ketil St~len's thesis [St~90] addresses the main shortcomings of [JonSl]: the fact that no attempt had been made to handle synchronization has been remedied by adding a wait condition and other limitations of expressiveness have been shown to succumb to the judicious use of auxiliary variables.

ECOOP '91 is the fifth annual European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming. From their beginning, the ECOOP conferences have been very successful as a forum of high scientific quality where the newest devel- opments connected to object-oriented programming and related areas could be presented and discussed. Over the last few years object-oriented technology has gained widespread use and considerable popularity. In parallel with this, the field has matured scientifically, but there is still a lot of room for new ideas and for hot debates over fundamental issues, as these proceedings show. The 22 papers in this volume were selected by the programme committee from 129 submissions. Important issues discussed in the contributions are language design, specification, databases, concurrency types and software development.

Currently, the field of information systems technology is rapidly extending into several dimensions. There is the semantic dimension (including object orientation, data deduction and extended knowledge representation schemes), there is improved systems integration, and there are new tools. All these extensions aim to provide semantically richer and better engineered information systems that allow for more adequate and complete representations and thus extend the effective use of database technology to a wider class of applications. Database researchers and developers, whether they are committed to application or to system construction, are convinced that next-generation information system technology will be heavily determined by a handful of new concepts that they have to understand and work out in detail now. This volume concentrates on the following topics: - Extended data types and data models, database programming languages; - Rule-based data deduction, expert systems, knowledge bases; - Object orientation and semantic data modelling; - DB application development, methodologies and tools; - Interface technology, parallelism, interoperability, ...; - New database applications.

This volume is a collection of papers on topics focused around concurrency, based on research work presented at the UK/Japan Workshop held at Wadham College, Oxford, September 25-27, 1989. The volume is organized into four parts: - Papers on theoretical aspects of concurrency which reflect strong research activities in the UK, including theories on CCS and temporal logic RDL. - Papers on object orientation and concurrent languages which reflect major research activities on concurrency in Japan. The languages presented include extensions of C, Prolog and Lisp as well as object-based concurrent languages. - Papers on parallel architectures and VLSI logic, including a rewrite rule machine, a graph rewriting machine, and a dataflow architecture. - An overview of the workshop including the abstracts of the talks and the list of participants. The appendix gives a brief report of the first UK/Japan Workshop in Computer Science, held at Sendai, Japan, July 6-9, 1987.

This monograph reports the development of an approach to computer-aided control system design (CACSD). Of primary concern is the quality of cooperation between the designer and his computer. The designer is suggested to treat a CACSD problem as a search problem, in which he and the computer cooperate to locate satisfactory designs among sets of candidates. Interactive Multi-Objective Programming (IMOP) is employed to define the level of abstraction as well as the organization of the design facilities in the computer.