The Feynman path integrals are becoming increasingly important in the applications of quantum mechanics and field theory. The path integral formulation of quantum anomalies, (i.e.: the quantum breaking of certain symmetries), can now cover all the known quantum anomalies in a coherent manner. In this book the authors provide an introduction to the path integral method in quantum field theory and its applications to the analysis of quantum anomalies. No previous knowledge of field theory beyond the advanced undergraduate quantum mechanics is assumed. The book provides the first coherent introductory treatment of the path integral formulation of chiral and Weyl anomalies, with applications to gauge theory in two and four dimensions, conformal field theory and string theory. Explicit and elementary path integral calculations of most of the quantum anomalies covered are given. The conceptual basis of the path integral bosonization in two-dimensional theory, which may have applications to condensed matter theory, for example is clarified. The book also covers the recent interesting developments in the treatment of fermions and chiral anomalies in lattice gauge theory.

Before the Higgs boson, there was a maddening search for another particle that holds the secrets of the universe - the neutrino. First detected in 1956, it teased the answers to science's greatest mysteries. How did the Big Bang happen? What might 'dark matter' be made of? And could faster-than light travel be possible, overturning Einstein's theory of special relativity? But the hunt for the neutrino and its meaning has also involved adventures, from Cold War defections and extra dimensions to mile-deep holes in the Antarctic ice and a troubled genius who disappeared without a trace. Renowned astrophysicist and award-winning science writer Ray Jayawardhana delivers a thrilling detective story of revolutionary science from the dawn of the quantum age to today's most inventive labs.

This text discusses the fundamental physical concepts involved in understanding charged particle and photon beams. The presentation is unified; particle dynamics in linear and circular accelerators are discussed in common language, as are the evolution of particle and laser beams. This book is aimed at the advanced undergraduate student, and contains numerous illustrative exercises.

Effective field theories are a widely used tool in various branches of physics. This book provides a comprehensive discussion of the foundations and fundamentals of effective field theories of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in the light quark sector with an emphasis on the study of flavour symmetries and their realizations. In this context, different types of effective field theories pertaining to various energy scales are considered and selected applications are devised. It also covers the formulation of effective field theories in a finite volume and its application in the analysis of lattice QCD data. Effective Field Theories is intended for graduate students and researchers in particle physics, hadron physics and nuclear physics. Exercises are included to help the reader deepen their understanding of the topics discussed throughout, with solutions available to lecturers.

The book describes how the electrons in small "low-dimensional" structures interact with their surroundings. It contains a series of linked up to date review chapters as well as explanatory material and is written to be understandable to graduate students and newcomers to the field. All contributions come from leading scientists.

The text presents a general overview of analogies between phenomena in condensed matter physics on one hand and quantum field theory and elementary particle physics on the other.

Starting out from humankind's earliest ideas about the cosmos, this book gives the reader a clear overview of our current understanding of the universe, including big bang theories and the formation of stars and galaxies, as well as addressing open questions. The author shows how our present view gradually developed from observations, and also how the outcome of ongoing research may still change this view. The book brings together concepts in physics and astronomy, including some history in both cases. The text is descriptive rather than technical: the goal is to present things rigorously and without oversimplification, by highlighting the crucial physical concepts. The only prerequisite is a qualitative knowledge of basic physics concepts at high-school level.

Electromagnetic Response Functions of Nuclei

There has recently been considerable discussion of a "replication crisis" in some areas of science. In this book, the authors argue that replication is not a necessary criterion for the validation of a scientific experiment. Five episodes from physics and genetics are used to substantiate this thesis: the Meselson-Stahl experiment on DNA replication, the discoveries of the positron and the omega minus hyperon, Mendel's plant experiments, and the discovery of parity nonconservation. Two cases in which once wasn't enough are also discussed, the nondiscovery of parity nonconservation and the search for magnetic monopoles. Reasons why once wasn't enough are also discussed.

The present book is an accessible, comprehensive guide to diffuse neutron scattering, an important technique for studying structural disorder in materials. The text takes the reader through theoretical, computational and experimental developments in the subject and describes in detail its application to a number of structural disorder problems. These include the more traditional subjects of substitutional disorder in alloys and orientational disorder in molecular systems as well as the more recent studies of superionic and framework materials. Particular emphasis is placed on recent refinement methods for data interpretation which are compared with established computer simulation techniques and analytical approaches. The book collects disparate themes into one unique volume, written as an introduction to the method for graduate scientists. It will be a valuable reference text for any crystallographer keen to understand and apply modern interpretative techniques to diffuse scattering data.

The aim of this book is to give a comprehensive exposition of the foundations of the Standard Model and to outline their applicability to high energy phenomena. It provides an easily accessible introduction to all aspects of renormalization, the mathematical tool that has paved the way for a calculable theory of the fundamental interactions. The book includes all the details needed to derive the results and contains all the relevant formulae, recipes and prescriptions needed to construct the theoretical predictions and compare them with the experimental results. This makes the book unique in its field.

The main aim of this book is to provide a broad overview of nuclear physics in terms of both hadron-meson dynamics and quark-lepton dynamics. It covers topics such as elastic and inelastic scattering, spin-isospin responses and charge exchange reactions, giant resonances, nuclear clusters, and nuclear physics with strange flavour. All subjects are presented from an experimental point of view, and sufficient prerequisite material is included for the book to be accessible to graduate students. An important feature is a discussion of the prevailing questions that emerge from recent research.

Suitable for graduate students in physics and mathematics, this book presents a concise and pedagogical introduction to string theory. It focuses on explaining the key concepts of string theory, such as bosonic strings, D-branes, supersymmetry and superstrings, and on clarifying the relationship between particles, fields and strings, without assuming an advanced background in particle theory or quantum field theory, making it widely accessible to interested readers from a range of backgrounds. Important ideas underpinning current research, such as partition functions, compactification, gauge symmetries and T-duality are analysed both from the world-sheet (conformal field theory) and the space-time (effective field theory) perspective. Ideal for either self-study or a one semester graduate course, A Short Introduction to String Theory is an essential resource for students studying string theory, containing examples and homework problems to develop understanding, with fully worked solutions available to instructors.

This book narrates the history of the initiation and development of elementary particle physics in India and by Indians, focusing on the first half of the twentieth century. The thread is taken up with the introduction of Western science into India in the previous century. The contents are a mixture of science and biographies, interspersed with anecdotes and reflections on the historical and societal connections. The style is generally non-technical, with any technical issues explained and interwoven into the narrative. This book is of interest to scientists, to people with interest in science and the history of science, students curious about the initiation of science in the Indian context and about the famous Indian scientists, as well as administrators who wish to understand the roots of current Indian science, especially in the context of particle physics.

This book provides a pedagogical introduction to the likely sources of these neutrinos, their propagation and detection mechanisms. Detection of high energy neutrinos of extragalactic origin has led to an interdisciplinary field of research, involving astronomy, astrophysics and particle physics. An extensive review of various detectors and the observations is provided that consolidates the latest findings. Above a few tens of TeVs, neutrinos are conceived as more reliable messengers for astronomy than photons as these photons get absorbed in the background photon field. Determining the neutrino spectrum not only helps in exploring astrophysical objects like AGN, GRB, etc. but also allows us to study particle physics at unprecedented energies. This introductory book is intended to help advanced undergraduate and graduate students to get into the subject with ease, and it simultaneously caters to practicing theoretical or experimental physicists as a reference book.

This undergraduate textbook breaks down the basics of Nuclear Structure and modern Particle Physics. Based on a comprehensive set of course notes, it covers all the introductory material and latest research developments required by third- and fourth-year physics students. The textbook is divided into two parts. Part I deals with Nuclear Structure, while Part II delves into Particle Physics. Each section contains the most recent science in the field, including experimental data and research on the properties of the top quark and Higgs boson. Detailed mathematical derivations are provided where necessary to helps students grasp the physics at a deeper level. Many of these have been conveniently placed in the Appendices and can be omitted if desired. Each chapter ends with a brief summary and includes a number of practice problems, the answers to which are also provided.

This book is a graduate-level self-study guide of bound states in elementary particle physics and consequently in the standard model. The author first recalls the usual quantum electrodynamics (QED) approach to atoms in terms of Feynman diagrams, which assume free states at asymptotic times. Motivated by general principles and data, he then develops a novel method based on a Fock expansion of bound states in temporal gauge. The properties of relativistic bound states are discussed for Dirac states, atoms in motion, QED in D=1+1 dimensions, and hadrons in quantum chromodynamics (including color confinement). This book provides complementary material for quantum field theory courses and is accessible for graduate students and more senior researchers.

This is the first book to present the principles of operation of both the Paul and Penning ion traps - powerful experimental devices in which charged particles can be confined indefinitely in a small region of space so that experiments may be performed on them. This new and exciting method has applications not only in atomic physics, frequency standards, and collisional studies, but also in analytical mass spectrometry, making this book highly relevant not only to physicists but also to chemists. Written by a leading authority in the field, it is unique in bringing together detailed information on these two traps, and contains outstanding an outstanding bibliography which provides an historical overview to the development of the field.

String theory is a leading candidate for the unification of universal forces and matter, and one of its most striking predictions is the existence of small additional dimensions that have escaped detection so far. This book focuses on the geometry of these dimensions, beginning with the basics of the theory, the mathematical properties of spinors, and differential geometry. It further explores advanced techniques at the core of current research, such as G-structures and generalized complex geometry. Many significant classes of solutions to the theory's equations are studied in detail, from special holonomy and Sasaki-Einstein manifolds to their more recent generalizations involving fluxes for form fields. Various explicit examples are discussed, of interest to graduates and researchers.

Einstein's theories of special relativity and general relativity form a core part of today's undergraduate (or Masters-level) physics curriculum. This is a supplementary problem book or student's manual, consisting of 150 problems in each of special and general relativity. The problems, which have been developed, tested and refined by the authors over the past two decades, are a mixture of short-form and multi-part extended problems, with hints provided where appropriate. Complete solutions are elaborated for every problem, in a different section of the book; some solutions include brief discussions on their physical or historical significance. Designed as a companion text to complement a main relativity textbook, it does not assume access to any specific textbook. This is a helpful resource for advanced students, for self-study, a source of problems for university teaching assistants, or as inspiration for instructors and examiners constructing problems for their lectures, homework or exams.

Einstein's theories of special relativity and general relativity form a core part of today's undergraduate (or Masters-level) physics curriculum. This is a supplementary problem book or student's manual, consisting of 150 problems in each of special and general relativity. The problems, which have been developed, tested and refined by the authors over the past two decades, are a mixture of short-form and multi-part extended problems, with hints provided where appropriate. Complete solutions are elaborated for every problem, in a different section of the book; some solutions include brief discussions on their physical or historical significance. Designed as a companion text to complement a main relativity textbook, it does not assume access to any specific textbook. This is a helpful resource for advanced students, for self-study, a source of problems for university teaching assistants, or as inspiration for instructors and examiners constructing problems for their lectures, homework or exams.

The counter-intuitive aspects of quantum physics have been long illustrated by thought experiments, from Einstein's photon box to Schroedinger's cat. These experiments have now become real, with single particles - electrons, atoms, or photons - directly unveiling the strange features of the quantum. State superpositions, entanglement and complementarity define a novel quantum logic which can be harnessed for information processing, raising great hopes for applications. This book describes a class of such thought experiments made real. Juggling with atoms and photons confined in cavities, ions or cold atoms in traps, is here an incentive to shed a new light on the basic concepts of quantum physics. Measurement processes and decoherence at the quantum-classical boundary are highlighted. This volume, which combines theory and experiments, will be of interest to students in quantum physics, teachers seeking illustrations for their lectures and new problem sets, researchers in quantum optics and quantum information.

This open access book is a unique compilation of experimental benchmark analyses of the accelerator-driven system (ADS) at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA) on the most recent advances in the development of computational methods. It is devoted especially to nuclear engineers and scientists. Readers will find a detailed description of advanced measurement techniques and calculation methodologies for the ADS with 14 MeV neutrons and high-energy neutrons (with combined use of 100 MeV protons and Pb-Bi target) at KUCA. Additionally, experimental results of nuclear transmutation of minor actinides by ADS and at a critical state are included. Readers also have access to benchmarks of specific ADS experiments with raw data in the Appendix. The book is a valuable resource for the ADS experiments at KUCA which are globally recognized as both static and kinetic studies from the point of view of fundamental research.

Emin provides experimental and theoretical graduate students and researchers with a distinctive introduction to the principles governing polaron science. The fundamental physics is emphasized and mathematical formalism is avoided. The book gives a clear guide to how different types of polaron form and the measurements used to identify them. Analyses of four diverse physical problems illustrate polaron effects producing dramatic physical phenomena. The first part of the book describes the principles governing polaron and bipolaron formation in different classes of materials. The second part emphasizes distinguishing electronic-transport and optical phenomena through which polarons manifest themselves. The book concludes by extending polaron concepts to address critical aspects of four multifaceted electronic and atomic problems: large bipolarons' superconductivity, electronic switching of small-polaron semiconductors, electronically stimulated atomic desorption and diffusion of light interstitial atoms.

This book presents 140 problems with solutions in introductory nuclear and particle physics. Rather than being only partially provided or simply outlined, as is typically the case in textbooks on nuclear and particle physics, all solutions are explained in detail. Furthermore, different possible approaches are compared. Some of the problems concern the estimation of quantities in realistic experimental situations. In general, solving the problems does not require a substantial mathematics background, and the focus is instead on developing the reader's sense of physics in order to work out the problem in question. Consequently, sections on experimental methods and detection methods constitute a major part of the book. Given its format and content, it offers a valuable resource, not only for undergraduate classes but also for self-assessment in preparation for graduate school entrance and other examinations.