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Books > Earth & environment > Earth sciences > Geology & the lithosphere > Petrology
* An accessible resource, covering the fundamentals of carbonate
reservoir engineering
This book is an integrated approach towards the applications of
coal (organic) petrology and discusses the role of this science in
the field of coal and coal-related topics.
In dynamic river systems, effective and sustainable risk management
of sediments, contaminants and their sources must be carried out on
a river basin scale. A diversity of interests and risk perceptions,
whether environmental, economical, or personal, as well as the
broad variety of uses and functions of river systems can lead to
conflicts and disagreements about how and where river systems
should be managed. This requires a transparent methodology to
assess environmental risks in the river basin, followed by a
prioritisation of those sites where measures would yield the
highest positive effect for the river basin and where financial
resources could be allocated most efficiently. However, risk
perceptions may only partially be influenced by scientific
assessments of risk, and often also depend on a variety of factors
such as personal experience and confidence in institutions. Risk
managers must develop methods to balance technical and
socioeconomic issues with the aim to reduce risks posed by
sediments to environmental and economic resources to a level that
is perceived as tolerable by society.
These proceedings contain the scientific contributions presented at the 2nd Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium (ISRM 2001 - 2nd ARMS). The theme of the symposium was "Frontiers of Rock Mechanics and Sustainable Development in the 21st Century."
This volume is an excellently written and beautifully illustrated textbook compiled by a multidisciplinary group of experts examining the production, transport and deposition of volcaniclasts (tephra and epiclasts) as well as their economic geology.
Modeling of Magmatic and Allied Processes presents methods and models for the quantification of geological processes. Conceptual models for magmatic differentiation involving crystallization and mixing are presented and applied to field and textural data. Model equations for the degree of partial melting in presence perturbations of lithospheric geotherms and partitioning of trace/radioactive elements in the matrix and melts, and the formation of continents with melt additions are described. Diverse magmatic products are shown to result from differentiation processes rather than magmatic source heterogeneities. The degree of partial melting depends on mantle temperatures, for which parameterized thermal convection models are reviewed. Perturbations in geotherms caused by mantle heat flow, CO2 flux from great depths and tectonic thrusting are analyzed. The petrogenetic significance of accessory minerals of felsic magma evolution is assessed with the help of examples from Carpathian granitoids. Methods for simulating the 3-D Concentration and Distribution Models (DC-DMs) and fractal dimension of evolving magma systems are described with examples. The use of conventional scanning electron microscopy methods and electron microprobe to characterize and infer magmatic processes is explained, and the background and economic potential of hydrothermal systems are examined. The nature of oxidizing felsic magmas along with their potential for copper mineralization is discussed. In closing, the handling, calculation and plotting of geochemical data for igneous rock suites using the R-language-based software Geochemical Data Toolkit (GCDkit) along with plug-in modules for the forward and reverse mass-balance calculation of fractional crystallization are demonstrated.
Topical Issues of Rational Use of Natural Resources contains the contributions presented at International Forum-Contest of Young Researchers 2018 (St. Petersburg Mining University, Russia, 18-20 April 2018). The Forum-Contest is an excellent opportunity for young researchers to present their work to the scientific community involved in the extraction and processing of natural resources. The topics of the book include: * Prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits * Development of solid minerals deposits and safety of mining operations * Development of oil and gas fields and transportation of crude hydrocarbons * Modern technologies of construction work applied in the mineral complex * Metallurgy. Physical and chemical technologies of hydrocarbons treatment * Equipment, transport service and energy efficiency of mining enterprises * Economic tools of innovative development * Environmental protection * Geo information systems and nanotechnologies Topical Issues of Rational Use of Natural Resources collects the best reports presented at the Forum-Contest, and will be of interest to academics and professionals involved in the extraction and processing of natural resources.
Utilizing SEM, TEM and cathodoluminescence images to illustrate the role of such techniques for interpreting metamorphic rocks, this text aims to help undergraduate students in geology to recognize and interpret metamorphic textures and microstructures in thin-section. For lecturers and postgraduates in geology and petrology, the book provides reference for the interpretation of metamorphic rocks, with an extensive list of references relevant to each chapter, and a comprehensive glossary of terms.
These three works cover the entire field of formation evaluation,
from basic concepts and theories, through standard methods used by
the petroleum industry, on to new and exciting applications in
environmental science and engineering, hydrogeology, and other
fields. Designed to be used individually or as a set, these volumes
represent the first comprehensive assessment of all exploration
methodologies. No other books offer the breadth of information and
range of applications available in this set.
This volume, based on Symposium on Igneous Petrology held during the 30th International Geological Congress, focuses on intraplate magmatism and diversity and complexity of mechanisms of magma formation.
This volume contains papers presented at the 30th International Geological Congress on coal. It includes information on the applications of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy to paralicand terrestrial coal-bearing strata and petrology and depositional environment of Early Jurassic coal.
Because water is one of the most important life-supporting media on the planet, the quality of aquatic ecosystems is of great interest to the entire world population. One of the factors that greatly affects water quality is the condition of the underlying sediment layer. The Manual of Physico-Chemical Analysis of Aquatic Sediments addresses the best methods for quantitative determination of chemical forms of different elements and compounds, bioassessment techniques, and determination of physical properties of sediments. Essential information for surveying, research, and monitoring of sediment contamination is covered. This manual will aid sediment biologists, geochemists, limnologists, regulatory program managers, environmental chemists and toxicologists and environmental consultants in preparing plans for proper remedial action.
The variety of volcanic activity in the Solar System is widely recognised, yet the majestic sequences of magmatic processes that operate within an active planet are much less well known. Providing an exposition of igneous rocks, magmas and volcanic erupsions, this book brings together magnetic and volcanic data from different tectonic settings, and planets, with explanations of how they fit together. It systematically examines composition, origin and evolution of common igneous rocks, yet also examines a variety of rare magnetic rocks that play a crucial role in the global magma/igneous rock system.
There has been a great advance in the understanding of processes of meta morphism and of metamorphic rocks since the last edition of this book appeared. Methods for determining temperatures and pressures have become almost routine, and there is a wide appreciation that there is not a single temperature and pressure of metamorphism, but that rocks may preserve, in their minerals, chemistry and textures, traces of their history of burial, heating, deformation and permeation by fluids. However, this excit ing new knowledge is still often difficult for non-specialists to understand, and this book, like the first edition, aims at enlightenment. I have concen trated on the interpretation of the plate tectonic settings of metamorphism, rather than following a geochemical approach. Although there is an impress ive degree of agreement between the two, I believe that attempting to discover the tectonic conditions accompanying rock recrystallization will more readily arouse the interest of the beginner. I have used a series of case histories, as in the first edition, drawing on my own direct experience as far as possible. This m"
This book is an outcome of the twenty-sixth symposium on "Rock Mechanics: Research and Engineering Applications in Rock Masses" in U.S. It focuses on the problems associated with rock mass and many experiments and modeling techniques are being performed in this area.
Provides a very clear guide to sedimentary rock types as seen under the microscope supported by practical aspects of slide preparation.
This textbook provides an overview of the origin and preservation of carbonate sedimentary rocks. The focus is on limestones and dolostones and the sediments from which they are derived. The approach is general and universal and draws heavily on fundamental discoveries, arresting interpretations, and keystone syntheses that have been developed over the last five decades. The book is designed as a teaching tool for upper level undergraduate classes, a fundamental reference for graduate and research students, and a scholarly source of information for practicing professionals whose expertise lies outside this specialty. The approach is rigorous, with every chapter being designed as a separate lecture on a specific topic that is encased within a larger scheme. The text is profusely illustrated with all colour diagrams and images of rocks, subsurface cores, thin sections, modern sediments, and underwater seascapes. Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/james/carbonaterocks
The hydrogeologic environment of fractured rocks represents vital natural systems, examples of which occur on every continent. This book discusses key issues, methodologies and techniques in the hydrogeology of fractured rocks, summarizing recent progress and anticipating the outcome of future investigations. Forty-four revised and updated papers were selected from extended abstracts presented at the International Conference on Groundwater in Fractured Rocks, held in Prague in 2003 and these provide a valuable benchmark reference for studies in fractured rock hydrogeology worldwide. Topics include sustainable groundwater development, groundwater protection and management, new and improved approaches to the investigating hydrogeology of fractured systems, understanding of hydrogeologic properties both on local and regional scales, and both quantitative and qualitative aspects of groundwater flow and solute/contaminant transport.
The "Second Edition" of this unique pocket field guide has been thoroughly revised and updated to include advances in physical volcanology, emplacement of magmas and interpreting structures and textures in igneous rocks. The book integrates new field based techniques (AMS and geophysical studies of pluton shape) with new topics on magma mixing and mingling, sill emplacement and magma sediment interaction. Part of the successful Field Guide series, this book includes revised sections on granitic and basaltic rocks and for the first time a new chapter on the engineering properties of igneous rocks. The "Geological Field Guide Series" is specifically designed for scientists and students to use in the field when information and resources may be more difficult to access. Many editions have been updated for 2011 and the guides are: Student-friendly in design and costDurableLightweightPocket-sizedReliableConcise Visit the series homepage at www.wiley.com/go/geologicalfield
Special emphasis is given to the constitutive behaviour of rock material, including rock mechanics and partial saturation, chemo-mechanics, thermo-hydro-mechanics, weathering and creep. Theoretical concepts, laboratory and field experiments and numerical simulations are discussed. Multiphysics coupling and long-term behaviour has practical applications in a number of areas. In oil engineering (enhanced oil recovery, CO2 injection, and well stability); in underground waste storage, post-mine behaviour and the long-term behaviour of railway and road infrastructures. This book will be useful to professionals and academics working in a variety of fields related to rock mechanics and environmental geotechnics. .
The Routledge Handbook of the Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development provides a cutting-edge, comprehensive overview of current trends, challenges and opportunities for metal and mineral production and use, in the context of climate change and the United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. Minerals and metals are used throughout the world in manufacturing, construction, infrastructure, production of electronics and consumer goods. Alongside this widespread use, extraction and processing of mineral resources take place in almost every nation at varying scales, both in developing countries and major developed nations. The chapters in this interdisciplinary handbook examine the international governance mechanisms regulating social, environmental and economic implications of mineral resource extraction and use. The original contributions, from a range of scholars, examine the relevance of the mining industry to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), reviewing important themes such as local communities Indigenous peoples, gender equality and fair trade, showing how mining can influence global sustainable development. The chapters are organised into three sections: Global Trends in Mineral Resources Consumption and Production; Technology, Minerals and Sustainable Development; and Management of Social, Environmental and Economic Issues in the Mining Industry. This handbook will serve as an important resource for students and researchers of geology, geography, earth science, environmental studies, engineering, international development, sustainable development and business management, among others. It will also be of interest to professionals in governmental, international and non-governmental organisations that are working on issues of resource governance, environmental protection and social justice.
Carbonate cements are very common and abundant in clastic
sequences. They profoundly influence the quality of hydrocarbon
reservoirs and supply important information on palaeoenvironments
and the chemical composition and flow patterns of fluids in
sedimentary basins. Despite this importance, their distribution
patterns in time and space and their geochemical evolution are not
yet deeply explored and elucidated. This Special Publication
contains 21 review papers and case studies on carbonate cementation
in clastic sequences written by invited specialists on the subject.
These papers present a wide and deep coverage that enhance our
knowledge about carbonate cementation in various clastic
depositional environments, tectonic settings and burial histories.
The book will be of special interest to researchers, petroleum
geologists and teachers and students at the postgraduate level.
If you are a member of the International Association of Sedimentologists, for purchasing details, please see: http: //www.iasnet.org/publications/details.asp?code=SP26
The Field Description of Metamorphic Rocks The Field Description of Metamorphic Rocks, Second Edition This pocket-sized field guide describes how metamorphic rocks and rock masses may be observed, recorded and mapped in the field. Written at a level suitable for Earth Science undergraduate students, this book is an essential tool for any geologist -- student, professional or amateur -- faced with the task of making a general description of an area of metamorphic rocks. A clear, systematic framework, together with numerous colour diagrams, illustrations and checklists, enables readers with different backgrounds to produce useful descriptions, despite possible differences of background or specialist interest. Additional information is also provided to aid those who are undertaking field mapping courses or must compile field evidence into reports on the metamorphic evolution of a region. This book: Shows the reader how to observe metamorphic rocks in the field, from the outcrop to the hand specimen scale Is fully revised and updated to incorporate new developments in the field Offers a user-friendly and accessible writing style including a revised format with tabbed sections for easy navigation Covers key topics including classification and mapping of metamorphic rocks, understanding key textures and fabrics, and details on contacts and fault zones
Comprising a guidebook and a full color CD-ROM, this reference set offers illustrated essentials to study mineralogy, applied to petrology. While there are some excellent reference works available on this subject, this work is unique for its data richness and its visual character. With a collection of images that excels both in detail and aesthetics, 151 minerals are presented in more than 400 plates. Different facies and paragenesis, both in natural polarized light, are shown for every mineral and optical data, sketches of the crystal habitus, chemical composition, occurrence and a brief description are included. The accompanying user guide gives a general introduction to microscope mineral observation, systematic mineralogy, mineral chemistry, occurrence, stability, paragenesis, structural formula calculation and its use in petrology. This compact set will serve as a field manual to students, researchers and professionals in geology, geological, mining, and mineral resources engineering to observe and determine minerals in their studies or field work. |
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