German and European immigration policies have only recently begun to cope with the inevitable: growing labor demand in the face of high unemployment and a shrinking labor force due to demographic change. Despite the implementation of Germany's first immigration act and several European initiatives towards legal harmonization at the EU level, an actively controlling immigration policy, which would be needed to master the challenges ahead, is not yet in sight. Against this background, the book draws conclusions from the German history of immigration policy. It analyzes the country's future demand for immigration and develops an economic model for the effective selection and integration of labor migrants that could provide the foundation for a joint European immigration strategy.

Ahsan Ullah provides an insightful analysis of migration and displacement in the Middle East and North Africa. He examines the intricate relationship of these phenomena with human rights, safety concerns and issues of identity crisis and identity formation.

"The transnationalism of ordinary lives threatens the stability of national identity and unsettles the framework of national histories and biography. This book takes mobility, not nation, as its frame, and captures a rich array of lives, from the elite to the subaltern, that have crossed national, racial, and cartographic boundaries"--Provided by publisher.

As the velocity and intensity of migrations increase around the world, legal citizenship and ethnicity are becoming two of the most contested issues facing the modern state. Many of today's debates about immigration are focused on arguments around the positive and negative effects of increased ethnic diversity and who should be entitled to legal membership. What does it mean politically then to arrive in a country privileged as a legal citizen or co-ethnic?This book is the first to comparatively analyze the political realities of Dutch Antillean citizens in the Netherlands, and Latin American Nikkeijin (Japanese descendants) in Japan, who inherit host state access as post-colonial citizens and ethnic immigrants. Sharpe's unique cross-regional investigation considers the ways in which globalization, immigration, citizenship, and ethnicity interact as a means to understanding some of the strains and contradictions of membership in contemporary liberal democratic states.Postcolonial Citizens and Ethnic Migration will appeal to a wide range of scholars in political science, sociology, anthropology, international relations, ethnic studies and migration.

This book provides a bi-national portrait of dementia in the rapidly aging Mexican-origin population in Mexico and the United States. It provides a comprehensive overview of critical conceptual and methodological issues in the study of cognitive aging and related mental and physical conditions. The book examines the sources of vulnerability and their consequences for Mexican-origin and for "aging in place". By providing a combination of new knowledge, empirical evidence, and fresh approaches of dementia support in later life, this book will contribute to moving the field of Mexican-origin aging and health forward. By focusing on the serious challenges in old-age support for older people with dementia and neurocognitive disorders in two different contexts, this book will deepen academics, researchers, students and young investigators understanding of what is necessary to achieve optional care.

Focusing on the lived experience of immigration policy and processes, this volume provides fascinating insights into the deportation process as it is felt and understood by those subjected to it. The author presents a rich and innovative ethnography of deportation and deportability experienced by migrants convicted of criminal offenses in England and Wales. The unique perspectives developed here - on due process in immigration appeals, migrant surveillance and control, social relations and sense of self, and compliance and resistance - are important for broader understandings of border control policy and human rights.

Migrant experiences accentuate general aspects of the human condition. Therefore, this volume explores migrant's movements not only as geographical movements from here to there but also as movements that constitute an embodied, cognitive, and existential experience of living "in between" or on the "borderlands" between differently figured life-worlds. Focusing on memories, nostalgia, the here-and-now social experiences of daily living, and the hopes and dreams for the future, the volume demonstrates how all interact in migrants' and refugees' experience of identity and quest for well-being.

The issues around settlement, belonging, and poor relief have for too long been understood largely from the perspective of England and Wales. This volume offers a pan-European survey that encompasses Switzerland, Prussia, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Britain. It explores how the conception of belonging changed over time and space from the 1500s onwards, how communities dealt with the welfare expectations of an increasingly mobile population that migrated both within and between states, the welfare rights that were attached to those who "belonged," and how ordinary people secured access to welfare resources. What emerged was a sophisticated European settlement system, which on the one hand structured itself to limit the claims of the poor, and yet on the other was peculiarly sensitive to their demands and negotiations.

Labor unions in France and the U.S. opposed certain restrictionist immigration policy measures in the late twentieth century, whereas they had pressured for restrictionism in the early twentieth century. Leah Haus asks why unions changed coalitions. Haus argues that one needs to focus on the challenges of internationalization to explain this change. Many union leaders consider economic internationalization and/or the internationalization of human rights as undermining the effectiveness and/or desirability of certain restrictionist measures. At the same time, many union leaders see support for certain non-restrictionist measures as a way to facilitate organizing immigrants, which is an alternative strategy for improving wages and work conditions.

Bolt uses the relationship between China and Southeast Asia's ethnic Chinese as a case study, and he focuses on the potential role of a diaspora in the economic and political development of its homeland as well as the role of the state in dealing with transnational economic actors.

He examines China's post-1978 policy of attracting ethnic Chinese investment in light of historical relations between China and its diaspora community, demonstrating that China has, through various measures, consistently aimed at tapping the resources of Asia's ethnic Chinese. He then analyzes the contributions that ethnic Chinese have made to China's development, showing that such contributions have been tremendously important both in terms of the accumulation of capital and the transfer of business skills. Bolt probes how ethnic Chinese intervention in China's economy has affected the politics of the Chinese state. He concludes by looking at the international implications of Chinese development being spurred largely by a Chinese diaspora community, and he demonstrates how China's efforts to attract ethnic Chinese investments have complicated China's relations with Southeast Asia and led to discussions of a Greater China. An important analysis for scholars, researchers, and policy makers involved with contemporary Southeast Asian and Chinese political, military, and economic issues.

This book investigates an African diaspora Christian community in Calgary, Alberta, and explores the ways in which the church's beliefs and practices impact the lives of its migrant congregation. In particular, it reveals the church's pronounced concern with the utility of the Prosperity Gospel and Holy Spirit Power.

As "small worlds", where resources are often stretched, islands have had an intense experience of migration. For many small islands in a global era, migration represents a dialogue between different places, some urban, some rural. This book examines diverse facets of migration out of and into a variety of islands, from the North Atlantic to the South Pacific. It traces the way in which migration is of crucial importance, for demography, economics, culture, indeed the whole of island life and identity; it contrasts with the reality of emigration and the rhetoric of return. Topics explored include include migration and environmental change, language shifts, remittances, retirement migration, post-colonial identities and islanders on the Internet. The evidence shows that migration emerges our of islanders' needs, but inevitably transforms insular societies, changing values and expectations, yet rarely if ever contributing to a situation where it is no longer necessary.

We live in an age of global migration. The number of immigrants worldwide is large and growing. At the same time, public and political reactions against immigrants have grown in the US, the UK, Canada, and other traditional and non-traditional receiving nations. In response to this trend, this book assembles an interdisciplinary group of scholars to better understand two dimensions of contemporary immigration policy - a growing enforcement and restriction regime in receiving nations, and the subsequent effects on sending nations. It begins with three background chapters on immigration politics and policies in the United States, Europe, and Mexico. This is followed by eleven chapters about specific receiving and sending nations - four for the United States, three for Europe, and four for the sending nations of Mexico, Turkey, Peru, and Poland. This selection of cases and the multidisciplinary approach provides a unique perspective that supplements more standard case studies and disciplinary research. By discussing a greater range of nations and topics-the global consequences of increased deportations, stronger border security, greater travel restrictions, stagnant economies, and the loss of remittances-this volume fills a significant gap in the current body of literature. As such, this book is of interest to immigration policy scholars and students of all levels as well as individuals in think tanks, advocacy communities, the media, and governments.

Milton Wan's life story is also the story of his adopted land in the second half of the twentieth century. Born and raised in Vietnam, he left his homeland and made his way to the United States, only to return to Vietnam as a soldier in the U.S. Army. After the war ended, he returned to the U.S. to follow the time-honored immigrant path of hard work and devotion to family. Milton grew up in Saigon under the unforgiving hand of a loveless and abusive father, Wainam; his only refuge the companionship of his twin brother Michael. Born in the Vietnam that was a French colony, he watched as Americans replaced the French as the outsiders attempting to control Vietnam's destiny. Milton was 17 in November 1963, the month both U.S. President Kennedy and South Vietnamese President Diem were assassinated. Milton's father had managed to get himself on the American gravy train, brokering hotel rentals for the incoming American advisors. Charged with inspecting the Americans' hotel rooms, Milton and his brother soon found themselves stealing checks from the newcomers and cashing them for Vietnamese piastres. Eventually their scheme began to unravel, and the twins set off on their long journey to America, a journey that took them to Cambodia and then Hong Kong. Through persistence and courage, not to mention the help of a formidable adoptive aunt, they managed to overcome the obstacles and finally make it to Seattle. It was only a few years later that Milton found himself back in Vietnam as a soldier in the U.S. Army. Although a poor soldier, he managed to make it through the war unscathed and even reconciled with his father. After the war, he settled once again in Seattle, where Caught Between Cultures author Joseph Blondo found him behind the counter of Tai Tung, a Chinese restaurant. Blondo deftly draws the connections between Milton's story and our shared experience. As he writes in the epilogue, "isn't it also my story, your story, everyone's story, the unavoidable drama, sometimes melodrama that we all know?" Caught Between Cultures tells the story of Milton Wan: immigrant, American soldier, entrepreneur. But it also tells the story of the country we all share. Author Joseph Blondo was born in December 1953 in Puyallup, Washington and raised in a variety of rural locations in the western United States and northern Alberta, Canada. He was granted Conscientious Objector status (1-0) on religious (moral) grounds in November 1972 from his Selective Service draft board, city of Brighton, Adams County, Colorado. He studied Transactional Analysis and other therapeutic modalities in Seattle, Washington and also served in VISTA in Seattle. An accomplished poet, he served as the poetry editor of Magical Blend magazine in San Francisco, California from 1979-82. He has published two volumes of poetry: Saint Sea with Marty Campbell in 1986 and The Greyer Elements in 1995. A long narrative-style poem, Six Houses, a poetic and psychological analysis of his family, was published 1986 and nominated for a small press award. Recently he has worked as a political organizer and industry advocate for the Seattle and King County taxi industry. Mr. Blondo resides in Seattle and Tacoma, Washington.

During the 1950s and 1960s increasing numbers of American citizens were stationed in foreign countries, and a whole generation of American children grew up abroad. As the interdependence of nations increases, new generations of Absentee Americans will be raised outside the United States. Based on interviews and questionnaire responses, this unique volume describes the impact of overseas living on Americans who spent at least some of their formative years in countries other than the United States.

It touches on a wide range of subjects such as schooling, living arrangements, social life abroad, and the experience of reentry into the United States, and it also provides a comprehensive view of the distinctive opinions shared by these global nomads. By exploring the lives and experiences of repatriates, the author emphasizes the need for increased intercultural contact and for educational programs that prepare young Americans to better understand the United States as part of the world community. This work will be of interest to sociologists and psychologists, as well as to Absentee Americans themselves, and to managers of public and private institutions with an international or intercultural dimension.

In rapidly industrializing countries, demographic changes continue to have significant effects on the well-being of individuals and families, and as aggregate human and financial capital. These effects may be analyzed in terms of inter-generational transfers of time, money, goods, and services. The chapters in this volume greatly develop our understanding of the nature and measurement of transfers, their motives and mechanisms, and their macro-level dimensions, especially in the context of demographic transitions. The chapters include original empirical analyses of datasets from some twenty countries taking the reader beyond the American context in order to test the applicability of some of the theories developed on the basis of American data. They extend the traditional analysis of inter-generational transfers by examining different types of transfers, namely goods, money, assets, time, co-residence and visits.

This collection explores mobile childhoods: from Latvia and Estonia to Finland; from Latvia to the United Kingdom; from Russia to Finland; and cyclical mobility by the Roma between Romania and Finland. The chapters examine how east-to-north European family mobility brings out different kinds of multilocal childhoods. The children experience unequal starting points and further twists throughout their childhood and within their family lives. Through the innovative use of ethnographic and participatory methods, the contributors demonstrate how diverse migrant children's everyday lives are, and how children themselves as well as their translocal families actively pursue better lives. The topics include naming and food practices, travel, schooling, summer holidays, economic and other inequalities, and the importance of age in understanding children's lives. Translocal Childhoods and Family Mobility in East and North Europe will be of interest to students and scholars across a range of disciplines, including sociology, anthropology and human geography.

The EU and Immigration Policies: Cracks in the Walls of Fortress Europe? explores how and why the EU and its member states define immigration policies. A comparison of EU negotiations on five EU immigration directives reveals interests of actors in EU integration and whether common policies aim at a restriction or expansion of immigration to the EU. The findings of the study suggest that some legal migration policies deviate to a certain extent from increased restrictions. Some member states were required to adapt their national laws to a more expansive EU policy. EU immigration policies actually define cracks in the walls of the 'Fortress Europe'. This development reflects a shift in immigration policy preferences among European countries from the late 1990s and early 2000s. The EU Commission used this window of opportunity and its power in policy framing to push member states toward EU integration. The author shows how the EU level could become the policy venue for member states' strategies on immigration regulation.

Written by a member of the Black Haitian community, this book brings to life the mechanisms that shape Haitian immigrant identity and underscores the complexity of such an identity. Zephir explains why Haitians define themselves as a distinct ethnic group and examines the various parameters of Haitian ethnicity. Through hundreds of interviews, the author gathered the voices of Haitians as they speak, as they feel, and most importantly, how they experience America and its system of racial classification. This work is a description of the diversity of the Black population in America and an effort to dispel the myth of a monolithic minority or sidestream culture.

This book is about ethnic diversity in voluntary organizations and seeks to explain whether intergroup contact contributes to the development of generalized trust. It relies on a novel multilevel design and data from Amsterdam in which 40 voluntary organizations and 463 participants have been sampled. Contrary to conventional wisdom, this book argues that cognitive processes are contributing more toward the evaluation of strangers or generalized trust than interethnic contact. Since trusting unknown people is essentially a risky endeavor, this suggests that participants of both association types who report trusting strangers can afford to do so, because they are better educated, have a more positive worldview, and have had fewer negative life experiences. That is to say, they are socially more successful and view their future as more promising. Previous findings are inconclusive since most studies that conclude diversity has led to less generalized trust do not include interethnic contact directly in their analyses. These studies also downplay the importance of cognitive processes, which may shape generalized trust. What is more, people join ethnically diverse civic groups, because they already have more trustful attitudes, rather than learning to trust through interethnic contact. Despite the recent multiculturalist backlash, this book demonstrates that participation in ethno-national organizations does not pose a threat to social cohesion. The analysis in this book serves to build a general theory of trust that moves beyond emphasizing interaction between people who are different from each other, but one that includes the importance of cognition.

Indigenous Christian communities in Turkey and the Middle East have declined dramatically in recent years, with large numbers emigrating in the face of violence, war and conflict. Keeping the Faith explores the impact of historical persecution and mass migration on the Suryoye, Syriac Orthodox Christians, from Turkey. Victims of genocide in 1915-16, subjugated by state nationalism in the Turkish Republic, part of the Turkish exodus of guest workers to Europe post 1960 and hemmed in by the Turkish-Kurdish conflict in the last decades of the twentieth century, they dispersed globally from eastern Anatolia. Only a few now remain in Turkey. This book argues that these experiences migrated with those who re-settled abroad and became incorporated into their life story. Heidi Armbruster's ethnographic fieldwork both in rural villages and a monastery in their Anatolian homeland, and with migrants and their families in Berlin and Vienna, allows her to investigate a number of contexts in which Syriac Christians create identities for themselves, contested through the potent symbolic resources of the Aramaic language, Christian religion, and Assyrian and Aramean ethnicity. Suryoye personal relationships to a collective history are not accessed through historians' accounts or institutional narratives, but through the intimate social worlds the author sensitively observes, in which experience and memories are formed, and in which individuals articulate their stake in a larger and more collective story. This discourse centres on 'community endangerment' and lies at the heart of negotiations of identity, family and group membership that are key to the spatial and historical processes of migration and diaspora. This account delineates with wonderful clarity how 'keeping the faith', has both imperilled and formed the foundations of continuity and community, for this fascinating group.

Of the thousands of children and young adults who fled Nazi Germany in the years before the Second World War, a remarkable number went on to become trained historians in their adopted homelands. By placing autobiographical testimonies alongside historical analysis and professional reflections, this richly varied collection comprises the first sustained effort to illuminate the role these men and women played in modern historiography. Focusing particularly on those who settled in North America, Great Britain, and Israel, it culminates in a comprehensive, meticulously researched biobibliographic guide that provides a systematic overview of the lives and works of this "second generation."

Why do so many people take-for-granted the idea that they live in and belong to a nation? Do national identities matter and, if so, to whom? To what extent are processes of globalisation undermining or reinforcing attachments to the nation? Drawing on insights from sociology, social psychology and anthropology, Michael Skey addresses these complex questions by examining the views and attitudes of a group that has been overlooked in much of the recent literature; the ethnic majority. Through a detailed analysis of the ways in which members of the majority in England discuss their own attachments, their anxieties about the future, and, in particular, their relations with minority groups, Skey demonstrates the link between a more settled sense of national belonging and claims to key material and psycho-social resources. By analysing what is at stake for the majority, the book offers a more complete understanding of recent controversies over immigration, multiculturalism and community cohesion in Western settings, as well as a framework for theorising the significance of nationhood in the contemporary era.