This book offers a broad coverage of the theory and practice of industrial microwave heating. It introduces the physical processes behind dipolar and conductivity loss mechanisms and follows with a thorough presentation of dielectric property data of many industrial materials as a function of the moisture content, temperature and frequency, focussing on the interpretation of such data as regards the suitabiliy for processing these materials with microwave energy. The basic equations which govern the power dissipation, attenuation, phase constant, penetration depth and skin depth are derived from first principles while the transport equations of heat, mass and pressure are qualitatively described, giving particular emphasis to the physical mechanisms behind high frequency drying. The book provides established procedures backed by theoretical formulations for the design of industrial travelling wave and multimode applicators. It also provides extensive coverage of single mode fundamental or higher order resonant cavities and outlines a number of atypical applicator structures. It describes the essential features of processing with microwaves under vacuum and presents a brief introduction to the mechanisms which lead to gas breakdown. It stresses the need for a degree of hybridisation with other electrical or conventional heating systems and discusses a few such schemes. The book outlines a number of systems for limiting leakage from on-line industrial microwave systems and concludes with an extensive discussion of successful industrial applications.

The variety and scope of primary and secondary battery applications in domestic goods and capital equipment for civilian and military uses has steadily grown over the years. Annual global sales of the battery business are exceeding GBP4000 million, encouraging a number of books on individual battery systems. This book is intended to bring together the key features of five electrochemical power sources. Outlining the historical background and basic principles of the direct conversion of electrochemical energy into DC electricity, this book also gives salient details of the manufacturing processes, performances under different conditions of operations and the services for which the batteries are mainly used. This books aims to provide information to graduate electrochemists, engineers working in universities and technical colleges, in Government and other technological institutions, and particularly those engaged in the development of portable power sources and in the design and use of equipment using these devices.

America's economy and lifestyles have been shaped by the low prices and availability of energy. In the last decade, however, the prices of oil, natural gas, and coal have increased dramatically, leaving consumers and the industrial and service sectors looking for ways to reduce energy use. To achieve greater energy efficiency, we need technology, more informed consumers and producers, and investments in more energy-efficient industrial processes, businesses, residences, and transportation.
As part of the America's Energy Future project, Real Prospects for Energy Efficiency in the United States examines the potential for reducing energy demand through improving efficiency by using existing technologies, technologies developed but not yet utilized widely, and prospective technologies. The book evaluates technologies based on their estimated times to initial commercial deployment, and provides an analysis of costs, barriers, and research needs. This quantitative characterization of technologies will guide policy makers toward planning the future of energy use in America. This book will also have much to offer to industry leaders, investors, environmentalists, and others looking for a practical diagnosis of energy efficiency possibilities.

Electrical Engineering Electric Power Applications of Fuzzy Systems Let world-renowned electrical engineers introduce you to the latest developments in the application of one of the fastest growing artificial intelligence techniques for power systems--fuzzy system theory. Compiled and edited by well-known power systems educator Mohamed E. El-Hawary, Electric Power Applications of Fuzzy Systems assembles a distinguished panel of highly regarded experts to bring you original, up-to-date coverage of the applications of fuzzy systems. This volume presents theoretical background material from a practical point of view and then explores a number of applications of fuzzy systems. Each chapter features an informative introduction. Look for succinct, practical discussions on:

• Fuzzy sets
• Fuzzy controllers
• Fuzzy perspectives on power system reliability, condition monitoring, and diagnostics
• Ground-breaking chapter on applications in operational planning
• Up-to-the-minute chapter on fuzzy applications in deregulated environment

Electric Power Applications of Fuzzy Systems will help you understand how the application of fuzzy theory in power systems is revolutionizing the way we look at many areas of practice. It is essential for power system engineers who want to launch into real-world applications of this increasingly popular technique.

This book addresses the theoretical and practical circuit and system concepts that underpin the design of reliable and reproducible, high performance, monolithic feedback circuits. It is intended for practicing electronics engineers and students who wish to acquire an insightful understanding of the ways in which open loop topologies, closed loop architectures, and fundamental circuit theoretic issues combine to determine the limits of performance of analog networks. Since many of the problems that underpin high speed digital circuit design are a subset of the analysis and design dilemmas confronted by wideband analog circuit designers, the book is also germane to high performance digital circuit design.

Energy Use and the Environment presents a contemporary view of such topics as current energy technology and energy types, including nuclear power, solar power, fossil-carbon based energy, and biomass fuels; research and development needs; the greenhouse effect; agricultural concerns; and by-products of energy use, including acid rain and hazardous waste. The book reviews current technology and addresses the global impact of this technology by weighing the costs against the benefits. Suggestions and solutions to problems are provided for consideration. Conservationists, regulators, policy makers, environmental professionals, researchers, educators, consultants, and students will find this book to be a tremendous asset in their attempts to understand the impacts of our current energy use on the environment and the directions we must take in the future.

Application of Smart Grid Technologies: Case Studies in Saving Electricity in Different Parts of the World provides a wide international view of smart grid technologies and their implementation in all regions of the globe. A brief overview of smart grid concepts and state-of-the art technologies is followed by sections that highlight smart grid experiences in Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe and Australasia. Chapters address select countries or sub-regions, presenting their local technological needs and specificities, status of smart grid implementation, technologies of choice, impacts on their electricity markets, and future trends. Similar chapter makes it easier to compare these experiences. In a time when the smart grid is becoming a worldwide reality, this book is ideal for professionals in power transmission and distribution companies, as well as students and researchers in the same field. It is also useful for those involved in energy management and policymaking.

Wireless Power Transfer is the second edition of a well received first book, which published in 2012. It represents the state-of-the-art at the time of writing, and addresses a unique subject of great international interest in terms of research. Most of the chapters are contributed by the main author, though as in the first edition several chapters are contributed by other authors. The authors of the various chapters are experts in their own right on the specific topics within wireless energy transfer. Compared to the first edition, this new edition is more comprehensive in terms of the concepts discussed, and the range of current industrial applications which are presented, such as those of magnetic induction. From the eleven chapters of the first edtion, this second edition has expanded to twenty chapters. More chapters on the theoretical foundations and applications have been included. This new edition also contains chapters which deal with techniques for reducing power losses in wireless power transfer systems. In this regard, specific chapters discuss impedance matching methods, frequency splitting and how to deploy systems based on frequency splitting. A new chapter on multi-dimensional wireless power transfer has also been added. The design of wireless power transfer systems based on bandpass filtering approach has been included, in addition to the two techniques using couple mode theory and electronic circuits. The book has retained chapters on how to increase efficiency of power conversion and induction, and also how to control the power systems. Furthermore, detailed techniques for power relay, including applications, which were also discussed in the first edition, have been updated and kept. The book is written in a progressive manner, with a knowledge of the first chapters making it easier to understand the later chapters. Most of the underlying theories covered in the book are clearly relevant to inductive near field communications, robotic control, robotic propulsion techniques, induction heating and cooking and a range of mechatronic systems.

This work seeks to introduce the reader to the principles of managing and conserving energy consumption in a variety of buildings occupied by people going about their daily work or leisure. It considers energy consumption in the provision of space heating, hot water supply ventilation and air conditioning and it discusses the use and application of Degree Days and the determination of heat gains within the building. The volume introduces the use of performance indicators, consumption yardsticks and carbon dioxide emission yardsticks. Following an introduction to the preparation of the energy audit, monitoring and targeting techniques are investigated and analyzed. The reader is not expected to have prior knowledge of the design of building services. Each chapter of the book is set out with the nomenclature used, an introduction, worked examples and case studies and data and text appropriate to the topic; it concludes with a chapter closure which identifies the skills and competences acquired.

This original contributed volume combines the individual expertise of eleven world-renowned professionals to provide comprehensive, authoritative coverage of state-of-the-art power electronics and AC drive technology. Featuring an extensive introductory chapter by power-electronics expert Bimal K. Bose and more than 400 figures, POWER ELECTRONICS AND VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES covers each of the field's component disciplines and drives - all in one complete resource. Broad in scope and unique in its presentation, this volume belongs on the bookshelf of every industry engineer, professor, graduate student, and researcher involved in this fast-growing multidisciplinary field. It is an essential for teaching, research, development, and design.

Direct Energy Conversion is written for students and practicing engineers with an interest in the performance of energy conversion processes that involve direct methods of producing electric power from heat and other primary sources. It provides an in-depth development of key issues from the first principles of the underlying sciences, and examines the means available for converting heat to electricity without the intermediate generation of rotating shaft power. A physical and quantitative understanding of the limitations of a number of commercially interesting methods is developed in order to allow readers assessment of the technologies for specific applications. The list of processes considered is limited by performance measured in terms of cost, conversion efficiency, and power density. Ideal for senior undergraduate and graduate level courses in power production, energy conversion, and power systems, Direct Energy Conversion is also a natural adjunct to the author's previous text, Energy Conversion (OUP, 1994), which focuses on the thermodynamics and mechanics of heat.

This book is designed primarily to meet two objectives. It is intended to serve as a textbook for a one-semester university course for graduate or senior undergraduate students in the physical sciences, electrical engineering and other related disciplines, or it may be used as a reference book for those who are working in the field. For those intending to use the book for self-study, a general knowledge of electromagnetism, electrical circuitry and plasma and discharge physics is necessary. In order to meet these diverse objectives, the authors have attempted to make the book reasonably compact so that it can fit in a one-semester schedule while retaining its comprehensiveness in serving as a reference book. The contents are arranged so that theory and practice are proportionally balanced and each topic consists of essentially four basic elements: fundamental principles, mathematical expressions and formulas, examples and illustrations, numerical data and applications. In order to keep its compactness, lengthy theoretical discussions and detailed mathematical derivations are avoided whenever possible.

Photovoltaics (PV) play a vital role in an energy-conscious society where the demand for cheap, convenient, and environmentally benign sources of energy is certain to increase. The range of applications is immense, encompassing many spheres of activity, from modern consumer electronics to the supply of power. Bringing together experts in their fields, Applications of Photovoltaics provides a stimulating account of the technical and economic aspects of the many areas that PV technology has been or is soon to be implemented. The book includes chapters on terrestrial applications of PV; PV for development, placing PV in the context of an energy policy for developing countries; PV for developing countries, which discusses the techno-economics of PV applications; PV systems for professional applications, which include hybrid systems; and low-power applications of PV for consumer, leisure, and other systems.
Applications of Photovoltaics is appealing to all engineers, from energy advisors and policy makers, with an interest in or need for off-grid electrical supplies, from microwatts to megawatts. Its level of presentation makes it accessible to those without an engineering or economics background.

Proceedings of a workshop organized by the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Energy, Berlin, Germany, 19-20 October 1987.

How did electricity enter everyday life in America? Using Muncie, Indiana - the Lynds' now iconic Middletown - as a touchstone, David Nye explores how electricity seeped into and redefined American culture. With an eye for telling details from archival sources and a broad understanding of cultural and social history, he creates a thought-provoking panorama of a technology fundamental to modern life.Emphasizing the experiences of ordinary men and women rather than the lives of inventors and entrepreneurs, Nye treats electrification as a set of technical possibilities that were selectively adopted to create the streetcar suburb, the amusement park, the "Great White Way," the assembly line, the electrified home, and the industrialized farm. He shows how electricity touched every part of American life, how it became an extension of political ideologies, how it virtually created the image of the modern city, and how it even pervaded colloquial speech, confirming the values of high energy and speed that have become hallmarks of the twentieth century. He also pursues the social meaning of electrification as expressed in utopian ideas and exhibits at world's fairs, and explores the evocation of electrical landscapes in painting, literature, and photography.Electrifying America combines chronology and topicality to examine the major forms of light and power as they came into general use. It shows that in the city electrification promoted a more varied landscape and made possible new art forms and new consumption environments. In the factory, electricity permitted a complete redesign of the size and scale of operations, shifting power away from the shop floor to managers. Electrical appliances redefined domestic work and transformed the landscape of the home, while on the farm electricity laid the foundation for today's agribusiness.David E. Nye teaches American history at the University of Copenhagen. He has published books on Henry Ford and Thomas Edison, as well as Image Worlds, a study of photography and corporate identities at General Electric.

This text fills the need for a comprehensive and thorough study of energy utilization and management. It details the most modern, proven techniques for heat recovery, and introduces second law efficiency for various energy system components. An exceptional feature of this work is the attention it gives to four major areas of difficulty for students: the text provides fundamentals as well as proven procedures for calculating boiler efficiency...principles required and actual examples of component sizing for various steam distribution systems...information for deciding on a particular heat transfer augmentation technique for a given heat exchanger...and a thorough review of electrical system energy management, including proven methods of electrical energy conservation and cost savings.

Unarguably the leading hands-on guide in this rapidly expanding area of electronics, Keith Billings new revision of his Switchmode Power Supply Handbook brings state-of-the-art techniques and developments to engineers at all levels. Offering sound working knowledge of the latest in topologies and clear, step-by-step approaches to component decisions, this Handbook gives power supply designers practical, solutions-oriented design guidance free of unnecessarily complicated mathematical derivations and theory. This thoroughly updated Handbook features many new fully worked examples, as well as numerous nomograms--everything you need to design todays smaller, faster, and cooler systems. Turn to just about any page, and youll find cutting-edge design expertise on electronic ballast, power factor correction, new thermal management techniques, transformers, chokes, input filters, EMI control, converters, snubber circuits, auxiliary systems, and much more. The most comprehensive book on power supply design available anywhere, Switchmode Power Supply Handbook is the industry standard, now fully updated for the 21st century.

Energy issues such as pollution, resource depletion, global warming, nuclear power and waste are problems demanding timely solutions. This book provides a critical examination of the resources, market forces, and social impacts of modern energy production. The book addresses the dilemmas that have arisen due to society's crucial dependence on energy, particularly fossil fuels, and explores the available alternative energy producing technologies. The second edition has increased emphasis on those issues at the forefront of the current energy debate: energy sustainability, climate change, and the radical restructuring of the power industry due to deregulation. Assuming no prior technical expertise and avoiding complex mathematical formulation. The second edition, like the first, will be especially useful as a textbook for undergraduate programs in Science, Technology and Society (STS), and as a supplementary text in a variety of courses that touch on energy studies, including environmental and technology policy, environmental, mineral and business law, energy and resource economics.

With this comprehensive guide you can plan the ideal independent power system for your home, boat or RV. You'll understand how a power system works, be able to talk intelligently with equipment suppliers about your needs, and have the necessary tools to make and manage your own electricity. Beyond the efficient production and consumption of electrical power, this book offers a window to the world of independent living, a world that encompasses elements such as shelter, food, health, education and recreation. These elements of an independent life-style come together in the home, whether the home exists in a house on land or a boat at sea, or temporarily in a recreational vehicle. The author shows that living independently does not mean being isolated or doing without, but rather having the opportunity and the ability to take control of your life, to live simply yet elegantly, and to have the courage to follow your own path when convention defies common sense. More and more people are realizing that independence of this nature tends to empower individuals, strengthen families and rejuvenate small communities.

Energy issues such as pollution, resource depletion, global warming, nuclear power and waste are problems demanding timely solutions. This book provides a critical examination of the resources, market forces, and social impacts of modern energy production. The book addresses the dilemmas that have arisen due to society's crucial dependence on energy, particularly fossil fuels, and explores the available alternative energy producing technologies. The second edition has increased emphasis on those issues at the forefront of the current energy debate: energy sustainability, climate change, and the radical restructuring of the power industry due to deregulation. Assuming no prior technical expertise and avoiding complex mathematical formulation. The second edition, like the first, will be especially useful as a textbook for undergraduate programs in Science, Technology and Society (STS), and as a supplementary text in a variety of courses that touch on energy studies, including environmental and technology policy, environmental, mineral and business law, energy and resource economics.

Recent research has attributed "sick buildings" to poor air quality caused by internally produced pollution and the contamination of supply air by the ventilation plant due to inferior maintenance. Inadequate air distribution to various zones of a building can exacerbate the problem and also contribute to thermal discomfort and sickness. This book provides the designers of HVAC systems with up-to-date information on the procedures used for calculating the required outdoor air flow rates for a building taking into consideration fortuitous air flows, occupancy and internally produced contamination. Reference is made to ventilation standards as well as to recent research developments in the field. The book is a useful source of information for engineers, architects, hygienists and building managers who are concerned with the ventilation of buildings and the provision of acceptable indoor air quality.;This book should be of interest to architects, building services design engineers and undergraduates on building services engineering courses.

Born in England in 1908, Lewis earned a doctorate at the Cavendish Laboratory in 1934 and continued his research on nuclear physics there until 1939. During the war he worked on the development of radar and in 1945 became chief superintendent of the Telecommunications Research Establishment at Malvern. A year later he agreed to head Canada's fledgling nuclear research facility at Chalk River, Ontario, where he made his professional home for the next twenty-seven years. Lewis's drive, intelligence, and remarkable organizational skills placed him at the forefront of Canada's nuclear program. Convinced that nuclear energy could be used economically for generating electricity, Lewis fostered a collaboration between Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) and Ontario Hydro that led to the development of the CANDU reactor. CANDU has proven to be an efficient reactor whose performance compares very favourably with all other power reactors around the world. Lewis's efforts in developing this design, and his effective support of a strong tradition of basic research, are his most important legacies. Under his guidance, scientists at AECL achieved excellence in a number of fields and the laboratories have maintained those standards to the present. Though not every project he promoted came to fruition, and he seemed never to recognize the political aspects of the nuclear energy program, Lewis's influence on the development of science, technology, and industry in Canada and abroad was unique and profound. His story sheds new light on Canada's postwar science history, debates concerning national science policy, and growing international scientific collaborations. Nuclear Pursuits will be of interest to a wide audience, including scientists, engineers, historians of science and industry, and students of postwar Canadian history.

This practical guide provides comprehensive and up-to-date information on the testing and maintenance of electrical power systems equipment and apparatus found in utility, industrial, commercial, and institutional facilities-demonstrating when and how to perform the appropriate tests to ensure maximum operational reliability. Integrating basic principles, theory, and practice, Electrical Power Equipment Maintenance and Testing discusses routine (field) and preoperational (acceptance) testing and maintenance procedures for assessing equipment reliability and dependability shows how to inspect and test equipment and apparatus insulation integrity and other operating characteristics affecting performance evaluates and interprets results for each category of testing-assisting decision making on when to remove equipment from service before failure occurs elucidates equipment degradation mechanisms and their impact on reliability and efficiency by detailing failure modes and effects emphasizes the implementation of planned maintenance and testing programs-ensuring early detection of problems and prevention of expensive downtime by minimizing unplanned failures and more Containing references, equations, and photographs-including numerous tables and test connection diagrams, this valuable resource is useful for electrical and electronics, industrial, transmission, distribution, power, and energy engineers and technicians; maintenance and operational personnel at electrical facilities; plant managers and electrical utility personnel; technical personnel from electrical consulting and construction firms, manufacturing companies, electrical trade associations, and electrical testing companies; and graduate-level students in these disciplines.

Motors use more than half of all electricity. This book outlines an approach for increasing motor and motor system efficiency through high-efficiency motors, optimized controls, improved component sizing and repair, better transmission hardware, and more comprehensive monitoring and maintenance.

In addition to explaining technical opportunities in language understandable to non-engineers, the book reviews what is known about the existing motor stock and its use, chronicles experience to date with drive power programs and policies, and offers recommendations for future efforts. Full application of the measures described can cut U.S. electricity demand by up to 20 percent, save motor users and utilities billions of dollars, reduce pollutant emissions, and enhance productivity.

The book was written by an interdisciplinary team of engineers, energy analysts, and program planners who collectively have over 50 years of experience in the energy efficiency field.