There is widespread interest throughout the world in improving appliance energy efficiency. Methods to reach that end include energy labeling, energy efficiency standards and market conditioning (e.g, energy efficient procurement and DSM programs). Energy efficiency standards, which started out as an action to reduce demand for energy in individual countries, has now become a subject of regional and even worldwide dimension, particularly in the context of global climate change mitigation. Mandatory energy efficiency standards are in place for some appliances in China, Canada, Mexico, the Philippines and the United States. Standards for refrigerator/freezers will take effect in Australia and the European Union in 1999. Voluntary energy efficiency standards are in place for refrigerators in Brazil, India and Korea and for air conditioners in India, Japan and Korea. Table I showed potential global energy use reductions from codes and standards in buildings. If individual country data can be assembled, a more accurate approach to estimating potential reductions in energy use and carbon emissions would be to perform a bottom-up analysis for energy using equipment on an end-use basis in as many large developing countries as possible. The impact of standards would be assessed as more efficient appliances replaced existing stock models and new purchases that increased saturation rates were made at higher efficiencies than would otherwise be the case. This approach would show the slow but steady buildup of annual energy savings from efficiency standards or other programs to improve energy efficiency.

This book covers the basics and the state of the art of energy-efficient motor technologies, which can be used now and in the near future to achieve significant and cost-effective energy savings. It describes recent developments in advanced motor technologies such as permanent magnet and reluctance motors. Energy-efficient motor technologies, though enabling a huge amount of electricity to be saved, still have not been widely adopted. The book presents barriers to the adoption of those technologies and features policies to promote the large scale penetration of energy-efficient technologies, describing the experiences carried out so far in different parts of the world. The volume includes contributions from relevant institutions in the European Union, North America, Latin America, Japan and New Zealand.

The German R + D program "Solares Testzentrum Almeria" (SOTA) provides the scientific basis for the realization of advanced solar technologies including facility modifica-tions, component tests and new lines of development. One of the working packages, WP 300, addresses the "Scientific Support" by the performance of pre-paratory studies, exploratory laboratory activities and quali fied expertise. Universities, Research Institutes and Company R + D Entities in Germany are enabled to treat the following aspects: * Meteorological, system and cost investigations, * Development of important components as concentrator, receiver, storage, * Utilization of solar energy for process heat and chemical reactions. In 1990 the studies covered the developments of terminal concentrators, receivers, integrated receiver/reactors, and solar chemistry processes. The reports of the activities were finalized recently and collected in the present volume. The final reports were printed as received. The achieved results and the views ex-pressed within the reports were under the responsibility of the authors. As organizers of these solar thermal activities and as editors of the corresponding final reports, we would like to thank BMFT and KFA-BEO for the farsighted funding (grant no. 0328823A) and the research groups for their engagement and consultations. We would also like to thanl< Ms S. Preusser and Ms U. Rachow, who among many others contributed to the realization of this volume.

Benedict Anderson is best known for his book Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, one of the most influential works of the last twenty years. Read both by social scientists and humanists, Anderson has thought anew such questions as why people love and die for nations, how religious faith became a territorial issue, the interrelation of capitalism and print, and how forms of nationalism have been adapted and transformed in different situations. This volume includes essays on Anderson's themes and ideas by such scholars as Andrew Parker, Lydia Liu, Doris Sommer, Harry Harootunian, Partha Chatterjee, David Hollinger, and Marc Redfield. Of particular interest is a substantial new essay by Benedict Anderson, written for this volume.

This exceptionally produced trainee guide features a highly illustrated design, technical hints and tips from industry experts, review questions and a whole lot more! Key content includes: Load Calculations - Branch and Feeder Circuits, Conductor Selection and Calculations, Practical Applications of Lighting, Hazardous Locations, Overcurrent Protection, Distribution Equipment, Transformers, Commercial Electrical Services, Motor Calculations, Voice, Data, and Video, and Motor Controls. Instructor Supplements Trainee Guide + Instructor Access Card ISBN: 9780134806259 Includes access to Lesson Plans, PowerPoints and tests. Click here for downloadable Instructor Resources. Instructors: Product supplements may be ordered directly through OASIS at http://oasis.pearson.com. For more information contact your Pearson NCCER Executive at http://nccer.pearsonconstructionbooks.com/store/sales.aspx. NCCERconnect is available for this edition; visit www.nccer.org/online-solutions for more information Stand Alone Access Card: 9780134812663 Paperback Trainee Guide + NCCERconnect: 9780134820705

This book consolidates some of the most promising advanced smart grid functionalities and provides a comprehensive set of guidelines for their implementation/evaluation using DIgSILENT Power Factory. It includes specific aspects of modeling, simulation and analysis, for example wide-area monitoring, visualization and control, dynamic capability rating, real-time load measurement and management, interfaces and co-simulation for modeling and simulation of hybrid systems. It also presents key advanced features of modeling and automation of calculations using PowerFactory, such as the use of domain-specific (DSL) and DIgSILENT Programming (DPL) languages, and utilizes a variety of methodologies including theoretical explanations, practical examples and guidelines. Providing a concise compilation of significant outcomes by experienced users and developers of this program, it is a valuable resource for postgraduate students and engineers working in power-system operation and planning.

Lord Kelvin (William Thomson), arguably Britain's most eminent scientist after Newton, spent much of his life in work which led to the development of today's electrical units and standards. Despite his influence, there are few biographies of stature (largely due to the abstruse nature of much of his technical research). This treatment concentrates upon his work in three phases; discovery of the fundamental concepts and coding them into universal laws, leading the adoption of the metric system, and securing worldwide use of units and standards (now the IEC system).

Power electronics converters are devices that change parameters of electric power, such as voltage and frequency, as well as between AC and DC. They are essential parts of both advanced drives, for machines and vehicles, and energy systems to meet required flexibility and efficiency criteria. In energy systems both stationary and mobile, control and converters help ensure reliability and quality of electric power supplies. This reference in two volumes is useful reading for scientists and researchers working with power electronics, drives and energy systems; manufacturers developing power electronics for advanced applications; professionals working in the utilities sector; and for advanced students of subjects related to power electronics. Volume 1 covers converters and control for drives, while Volume 2 addresses clean generation and power grids. The chapters enable the reader to directly apply the knowledge gained to their research and designs. Topics include reliability, WBG power semiconductor devices, converter topology and their fast response, matrix and multilevel converters, nonlinear dynamics, AI and machine learning. Robust modern control is covered as well. A coherent chapter structure and step-by-step explanation provide the reader with the understanding to pursue their research.

Power transformers are a key asset for electricity utilities around the globe. However, aging populations of large power transformers require reliable monitoring and diagnostics techniques to extend the asset's lifetime and minimise the possibility of catastrophic failure. This book describes the most popular power transformer condition monitoring techniques from principles to practice. Topics covered include concepts and challenges in power transformer condition monitoring and diagnosis; dissolved gas analysis, measurements and interpretations; moisture analysis for power transformers; assessing degree of polymerisation value considering thermal ageing and paper moisture; frequency response analysis; monitoring of power transformers by mechanical oscillations; lifecycle management of power transformers in a new energy era; and other topics in power transformer asset management and remnant life. Each chapter covers the fundamentals and theory of the topic, and conveys techniques to measure relevant parameters and assess or interpret the results. Power Transformer Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis is essential reading for researchers in academia and industry involved with power transformer R&D, engineers in utilities working with equipment monitoring techniques, and advanced students in power engineering.

America's economy and lifestyles have been shaped by the low prices and availability of energy. In the last decade, however, the prices of oil, natural gas, and coal have increased dramatically, leaving consumers and the industrial and service sectors looking for ways to reduce energy use. To achieve greater energy efficiency, we need technology, more informed consumers and producers, and investments in more energy-efficient industrial processes, businesses, residences, and transportation. As part of the America's Energy Future project, Real Prospects for Energy Efficiency in the United States examines the potential for reducing energy demand through improving efficiency by using existing technologies, technologies developed but not yet utilized widely, and prospective technologies. The book evaluates technologies based on their estimated times to initial commercial deployment, and provides an analysis of costs, barriers, and research needs. This quantitative characterization of technologies will guide policy makers toward planning the future of energy use in America. This book will also have much to offer to industry leaders, investors, environmentalists, and others looking for a practical diagnosis of energy efficiency possibilities. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Energy Use in Context 2 Energy Efficiency in Residential and Commercial Buildings 3 Energy Efficiency in Transportation 4 Energy Efficiency in industry 5 Overarching Findings and Lessons Learned from Federal and State Energy Efficiency Policies and Programs Appendixes Appendix A: America's Energy Future Project Appendix B: Panel Biographical Information Appendix C: Presentations and Panel Meetings Appendix D: Definitions of Energy Efficiency Appendix E: Estimating the Net Costs and Benefits of Energy Savings Appendix F: Equivalences and Conversion Factors Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations

Direct Energy Conversion is written for students and practicing engineers with an interest in the performance of energy conversion processes that involve direct methods of producing electric power from heat and other primary sources. It provides an in-depth development of key issues from the first principles of the underlying sciences, and examines the means available for converting heat to electricity without the intermediate generation of rotating shaft power. A physical and quantitative understanding of the limitations of a number of commercially interesting methods is developed in order to allow readers assessment of the technologies for specific applications. The list of processes considered is limited by performance measured in terms of cost, conversion efficiency, and power density. Ideal for senior undergraduate and graduate level courses in power production, energy conversion, and power systems, Direct Energy Conversion is also a natural adjunct to the author's previous text, Energy Conversion (OUP, 1994), which focuses on the thermodynamics and mechanics of heat.

This book aims at a theoretical and practical treatment of both conduction and induction heating. They share a common theory, one being the 'mirror image' of the other, and so one gets two for the price of one. The book comprises four parts: conduction theory, induction theory, heat flow and practice. Modern induction practice is treated in four big chapters - through heating, surface heating, special applications and metal melting. In addition, there is a smaller chapter on conduction heating. Although, at first sight, this might seem a lot of theory, the practical chapters make up half of the book and the theory itself is practically oriented. Throughout, the emphasis is on fundamentals and understanding, usually starting from first principles, with plenty of worked examples. Much of the theory is new, being either presented differently or solving new problems. Most of the Direct Resistance Heating is new. There are new approaches to tube heating, both for DRH and induction; these show clearly the relationship to the solid solution. There are also chapters on saturation and the effect of permeability. This is a book that should be invaluable to engineers and technicians, designers and users. It will be useful to students studying either the theory of the heating process or its practice. The mathematics is not difficult and SI units are used throughout.

This book offers a broad coverage of the theory and practice of industrial microwave heating. It introduces the physical processes behind dipolar and conductivity loss mechanisms and follows with a thorough presentation of dielectric property data of many industrial materials as a function of the moisture content, temperature and frequency, focussing on the interpretation of such data as regards the suitabiliy for processing these materials with microwave energy. The basic equations which govern the power dissipation, attenuation, phase constant, penetration depth and skin depth are derived from first principles while the transport equations of heat, mass and pressure are qualitatively described, giving particular emphasis to the physical mechanisms behind high frequency drying. The book provides established procedures backed by theoretical formulations for the design of industrial travelling wave and multimode applicators. It also provides extensive coverage of single mode fundamental or higher order resonant cavities and outlines a number of atypical applicator structures. It describes the essential features of processing with microwaves under vacuum and presents a brief introduction to the mechanisms which lead to gas breakdown. It stresses the need for a degree of hybridisation with other electrical or conventional heating systems and discusses a few such schemes. The book outlines a number of systems for limiting leakage from on-line industrial microwave systems and concludes with an extensive discussion of successful industrial applications.

The variety and scope of primary and secondary battery applications in domestic goods and capital equipment for civilian and military uses has steadily grown over the years. Annual global sales of the battery business are exceeding GBP4000 million, encouraging a number of books on individual battery systems. This book is intended to bring together the key features of five electrochemical power sources. Outlining the historical background and basic principles of the direct conversion of electrochemical energy into DC electricity, this book also gives salient details of the manufacturing processes, performances under different conditions of operations and the services for which the batteries are mainly used. This books aims to provide information to graduate electrochemists, engineers working in universities and technical colleges, in Government and other technological institutions, and particularly those engaged in the development of portable power sources and in the design and use of equipment using these devices.

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) enables power to be transferred from a grid or storage unit to a device without the need for cable connections. This can be performed by inductive coupling of magnetic fields as well as by direct radiative transfer via beams of electromagnetic waves, commonly radiowaves, microwaves or lasers. Inductive coupling is the most widely used wireless technology with applications including charging handheld devices, RFID tags, chargers for implantable medical devices, and proposed systems for charging electric vehicles. Applications of radiative power transfer include solar power satellites and wireless powered drone aircraft. This book covers the very latest in theory and technology of both coupling and radiative wireless power transfer. Topics covered include the basic theory of inductive coupling and resonance coupling WPT; multi-hop WPT; circuit theory for wireless couplers; inverter/ rectifier technologies for WPT systems; basic theory of WPT via radio waves; technologies of antenna and phased array for WPT via radio waves; transmitter/rectifier technologies for WPT via radio waves; applications of coupling WPT for electric vehicle charging; applications of long-distance WPT; and biological interactions of electromagnetic fields and waves.

The first book on wind energy designed specifically with technicians in mind "INTRODUCTION TO WIND PRINCIPLES, 1/e "covers all aspects of installing and troubleshooting wind turbines, giving technicians the knowledge they need to handle even complex maintenance tasks. Writing clearly and simply, Thomas Kissell explains how wind turbine blades harvest wind energy, and how generators convert shaft turning energy into electricity. He shows how electrical and hydraulic systems control the speed of wind turbine blades, energizing blade pitch and yaw position controls. Mechanical subjects such as gears, transmissions and gearboxes are discussed in detail. Many pictures and diagrams are included, and all math and data is provided: no calculus or other mathematics is required. Some additional features include:

• Comprehensive, in-depth coverage--including wind turbine installation and troubleshooting, towers, blades, generators, control, and much more
• History, background, trends, and demand projections--Provides the context needed to understand the growing role of wind energy Coverage of all parts of vertical and horizontal wind turbines--including small, medium, and large wind turbines
• Essential electrical coverage--including basic electricity theory, magnetism, motors, generators, PLC controls, and the electrical grid
• Extensive discussion of mechanical topics
• Towers, tower designs, and safety- walks through the advantages and disadvantages of each type of tower, discusses the principles of safe tower design and construction, and explains nacelle installation
• Integration of wind-generated electricity into the grid

How did electricity enter everyday life in America? Using Muncie, Indiana - the Lynds' now iconic Middletown - as a touchstone, David Nye explores how electricity seeped into and redefined American culture. With an eye for telling details from archival sources and a broad understanding of cultural and social history, he creates a thought-provoking panorama of a technology fundamental to modern life.Emphasizing the experiences of ordinary men and women rather than the lives of inventors and entrepreneurs, Nye treats electrification as a set of technical possibilities that were selectively adopted to create the streetcar suburb, the amusement park, the "Great White Way," the assembly line, the electrified home, and the industrialized farm. He shows how electricity touched every part of American life, how it became an extension of political ideologies, how it virtually created the image of the modern city, and how it even pervaded colloquial speech, confirming the values of high energy and speed that have become hallmarks of the twentieth century. He also pursues the social meaning of electrification as expressed in utopian ideas and exhibits at world's fairs, and explores the evocation of electrical landscapes in painting, literature, and photography.Electrifying America combines chronology and topicality to examine the major forms of light and power as they came into general use. It shows that in the city electrification promoted a more varied landscape and made possible new art forms and new consumption environments. In the factory, electricity permitted a complete redesign of the size and scale of operations, shifting power away from the shop floor to managers. Electrical appliances redefined domestic work and transformed the landscape of the home, while on the farm electricity laid the foundation for today's agribusiness.David E. Nye teaches American history at the University of Copenhagen. He has published books on Henry Ford and Thomas Edison, as well as Image Worlds, a study of photography and corporate identities at General Electric.