This book covers the basics and the state of the art of energy-efficient motor technologies, which can be used now and in the near future to achieve significant and cost-effective energy savings. It describes recent developments in advanced motor technologies such as permanent magnet and reluctance motors. Energy-efficient motor technologies, though enabling a huge amount of electricity to be saved, still have not been widely adopted. The book presents barriers to the adoption of those technologies and features policies to promote the large scale penetration of energy-efficient technologies, describing the experiences carried out so far in different parts of the world. The volume includes contributions from relevant institutions in the European Union, North America, Latin America, Japan and New Zealand.

Direct Energy Conversion is written for students and practicing engineers with an interest in the performance of energy conversion processes that involve direct methods of producing electric power from heat and other primary sources. It provides an in-depth development of key issues from the first principles of the underlying sciences, and examines the means available for converting heat to electricity without the intermediate generation of rotating shaft power. A physical and quantitative understanding of the limitations of a number of commercially interesting methods is developed in order to allow readers assessment of the technologies for specific applications. The list of processes considered is limited by performance measured in terms of cost, conversion efficiency, and power density. Ideal for senior undergraduate and graduate level courses in power production, energy conversion, and power systems, Direct Energy Conversion is also a natural adjunct to the author's previous text, Energy Conversion (OUP, 1994), which focuses on the thermodynamics and mechanics of heat.

The role of energy in the modern world goes beyond mere technology and economics to influence welfare, environment, life quality and, broadly, civilisation. Since the industrial revolution, energy conversion technology has been at the forefront of innovation required to satisfy the needs of mankind. This technology more than others has always been very dependent on the performance of the materials used; especially over the last two decades during which efficiency and environmental concerns have become challenging objectives. In this context the European Commission has developed significant collaborative programmes in Europe within the COST framework, to enhance the state of the art in this technology. The Li ge Conferences pursue the mission to report on the achievements of these programmes in the light of progress made elsewhere. The first four conferences in this series were held in 1978, 1982, 1986 and 1990, and provided the opportunity to present and review the work of the European Materials Collaborative Programmes COST-50 (gas turbines), COST-505 (steam turbines) and COST- 501 (energy conversion from fossil fuels). The proceedings of these conferences were published by Applied Science Publishers (1978) and by D. ReideIlKluwer Publishing Company (1982, 1986 and 1990). While the first two Conferences have dealt essentially with high temperature alloys for gas turbines (COST 50), the third and fourth Conferences held in 1986 and 1990 were concerned with a broader range of topics, including the work of the third round of COST-50 (1972-1983), that of COST-50l, which was initiated in 1981 and COST 505 (1983-1990).

The causes and impacts of power disturbances on both sides of the user-utility interface are discussed, and the results of power quality surveys are reviewed. Desirable attributes of monitoring equipment are discussed along with approaches that can be taken by the electric utilities to improve the quality of the power delivered to customers. Users of sensitive devices, such as computers and health care equipment, are given information on power quality improvement equipment, such as uninterruptible power supplies. Includes a glossary.

Lord Kelvin (William Thomson), arguably Britain's most eminent scientist after Newton, spent much of his life in work which led to the development of today's electrical units and standards. Despite his influence, there are few biographies of stature (largely due to the abstruse nature of much of his technical research). This treatment concentrates upon his work in three phases; discovery of the fundamental concepts and coding them into universal laws, leading the adoption of the metric system, and securing worldwide use of units and standards (now the IEC system).

The German R + D program "Solares Testzentrum Almeria" (SOTA) provides the scientific basis for the realization of advanced solar technologies including facility modifica-tions, component tests and new lines of development. One of the working packages, WP 300, addresses the "Scientific Support" by the performance of pre-paratory studies, exploratory laboratory activities and quali fied expertise. Universities, Research Institutes and Company R + D Entities in Germany are enabled to treat the following aspects: * Meteorological, system and cost investigations, * Development of important components as concentrator, receiver, storage, * Utilization of solar energy for process heat and chemical reactions. In 1990 the studies covered the developments of terminal concentrators, receivers, integrated receiver/reactors, and solar chemistry processes. The reports of the activities were finalized recently and collected in the present volume. The final reports were printed as received. The achieved results and the views ex-pressed within the reports were under the responsibility of the authors. As organizers of these solar thermal activities and as editors of the corresponding final reports, we would like to thank BMFT and KFA-BEO for the farsighted funding (grant no. 0328823A) and the research groups for their engagement and consultations. We would also like to thanl< Ms S. Preusser and Ms U. Rachow, who among many others contributed to the realization of this volume.

This book aims at a theoretical and practical treatment of both conduction and induction heating. They share a common theory, one being the 'mirror image' of the other, and so one gets two for the price of one. The book comprises four parts: conduction theory, induction theory, heat flow and practice. Modern induction practice is treated in four big chapters - through heating, surface heating, special applications and metal melting. In addition, there is a smaller chapter on conduction heating. Although, at first sight, this might seem a lot of theory, the practical chapters make up half of the book and the theory itself is practically oriented. Throughout, the emphasis is on fundamentals and understanding, usually starting from first principles, with plenty of worked examples. Much of the theory is new, being either presented differently or solving new problems. Most of the Direct Resistance Heating is new. There are new approaches to tube heating, both for DRH and induction; these show clearly the relationship to the solid solution. There are also chapters on saturation and the effect of permeability. This is a book that should be invaluable to engineers and technicians, designers and users. It will be useful to students studying either the theory of the heating process or its practice. The mathematics is not difficult and SI units are used throughout.

This book offers a broad coverage of the theory and practice of industrial microwave heating. It introduces the physical processes behind dipolar and conductivity loss mechanisms and follows with a thorough presentation of dielectric property data of many industrial materials as a function of the moisture content, temperature and frequency, focussing on the interpretation of such data as regards the suitabiliy for processing these materials with microwave energy. The basic equations which govern the power dissipation, attenuation, phase constant, penetration depth and skin depth are derived from first principles while the transport equations of heat, mass and pressure are qualitatively described, giving particular emphasis to the physical mechanisms behind high frequency drying. The book provides established procedures backed by theoretical formulations for the design of industrial travelling wave and multimode applicators. It also provides extensive coverage of single mode fundamental or higher order resonant cavities and outlines a number of atypical applicator structures. It describes the essential features of processing with microwaves under vacuum and presents a brief introduction to the mechanisms which lead to gas breakdown. It stresses the need for a degree of hybridisation with other electrical or conventional heating systems and discusses a few such schemes. The book outlines a number of systems for limiting leakage from on-line industrial microwave systems and concludes with an extensive discussion of successful industrial applications.

The variety and scope of primary and secondary battery applications in domestic goods and capital equipment for civilian and military uses has steadily grown over the years. Annual global sales of the battery business are exceeding GBP4000 million, encouraging a number of books on individual battery systems. This book is intended to bring together the key features of five electrochemical power sources. Outlining the historical background and basic principles of the direct conversion of electrochemical energy into DC electricity, this book also gives salient details of the manufacturing processes, performances under different conditions of operations and the services for which the batteries are mainly used. This books aims to provide information to graduate electrochemists, engineers working in universities and technical colleges, in Government and other technological institutions, and particularly those engaged in the development of portable power sources and in the design and use of equipment using these devices.

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) enables power to be transferred from a grid or storage unit to a device without the need for cable connections. This can be performed by inductive coupling of magnetic fields as well as by direct radiative transfer via beams of electromagnetic waves, commonly radiowaves, microwaves or lasers. Inductive coupling is the most widely used wireless technology with applications including charging handheld devices, RFID tags, chargers for implantable medical devices, and proposed systems for charging electric vehicles. Applications of radiative power transfer include solar power satellites and wireless powered drone aircraft. This book covers the very latest in theory and technology of both coupling and radiative wireless power transfer. Topics covered include the basic theory of inductive coupling and resonance coupling WPT; multi-hop WPT; circuit theory for wireless couplers; inverter/ rectifier technologies for WPT systems; basic theory of WPT via radio waves; technologies of antenna and phased array for WPT via radio waves; transmitter/rectifier technologies for WPT via radio waves; applications of coupling WPT for electric vehicle charging; applications of long-distance WPT; and biological interactions of electromagnetic fields and waves.

Thermal power plants are one of the most important process industries for engineering professionals. The most fundamental challenge is meeting the growing power demand in sustainable and efficient ways. Therefore, technological advancement is the requirement of the hour in every field of industrialization for improvement in their efficiencies by reduction in operating expenditure, judicious utilization of natural resources and protection damage to our natural environment. There will come a day when much quantity will be limited like charcoal. In addition, the use of these fossil fuels results in greater pollution, despite the measures taken. The details of the research results and the new development in fields are highlighted in this book. The subject looked after research and development, starting from power generation to environmental aspects of power plants. With regards to the thermal power plants research, the technological advance discussed in this book include experimentation, investigation assessment and analysis new models, new processes and control process concept for improving efficiencies and reducing emissions of CO. Advances of the use of solar energy to realize a new type of thermal power plant are also discussed.

America's economy and lifestyles have been shaped by the low prices and availability of energy. In the last decade, however, the prices of oil, natural gas, and coal have increased dramatically, leaving consumers and the industrial and service sectors looking for ways to reduce energy use. To achieve greater energy efficiency, we need technology, more informed consumers and producers, and investments in more energy-efficient industrial processes, businesses, residences, and transportation. As part of the America's Energy Future project, Real Prospects for Energy Efficiency in the United States examines the potential for reducing energy demand through improving efficiency by using existing technologies, technologies developed but not yet utilized widely, and prospective technologies. The book evaluates technologies based on their estimated times to initial commercial deployment, and provides an analysis of costs, barriers, and research needs. This quantitative characterization of technologies will guide policy makers toward planning the future of energy use in America. This book will also have much to offer to industry leaders, investors, environmentalists, and others looking for a practical diagnosis of energy efficiency possibilities. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Energy Use in Context 2 Energy Efficiency in Residential and Commercial Buildings 3 Energy Efficiency in Transportation 4 Energy Efficiency in industry 5 Overarching Findings and Lessons Learned from Federal and State Energy Efficiency Policies and Programs Appendixes Appendix A: America's Energy Future Project Appendix B: Panel Biographical Information Appendix C: Presentations and Panel Meetings Appendix D: Definitions of Energy Efficiency Appendix E: Estimating the Net Costs and Benefits of Energy Savings Appendix F: Equivalences and Conversion Factors Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations

Plant effeciency and profitability depend on avoiding such problems as pH extremes, oxygen scavenging, corrosion, scale, and contamination. This practical handbook for utility personnel and independent power producers provides detailed discussion and examples of solutions to water chemistry problems in power plant boilers. Formulas and calculations are provided for each area of concern. Contents: ? Introduction to steam generation water chemistry systems ? Condensate feedwater chemistry ? Boiler water chemistry ? Steam chemistry ? High-purity makeup water treatment ? Cooling water chemistry ? Sampling ? Bibliography ? Index

This book is designed primarily to meet two objectives. It is intended to serve as a textbook for a one-semester university course for graduate or senior undergraduate students in the physical sciences, electrical engineering and other related disciplines, or it may be used as a reference book for those who are working in the field. For those intending to use the book for self-study, a general knowledge of electromagnetism, electrical circuitry and plasma and discharge physics is necessary. In order to meet these diverse objectives, the authors have attempted to make the book reasonably compact so that it can fit in a one-semester schedule while retaining its comprehensiveness in serving as a reference book. The contents are arranged so that theory and practice are proportionally balanced and each topic consists of essentially four basic elements: fundamental principles, mathematical expressions and formulas, examples and illustrations, numerical data and applications. In order to keep its compactness, lengthy theoretical discussions and detailed mathematical derivations are avoided whenever possible.

How did electricity enter everyday life in America? Using Muncie, Indiana - the Lynds' now iconic Middletown - as a touchstone, David Nye explores how electricity seeped into and redefined American culture. With an eye for telling details from archival sources and a broad understanding of cultural and social history, he creates a thought-provoking panorama of a technology fundamental to modern life.Emphasizing the experiences of ordinary men and women rather than the lives of inventors and entrepreneurs, Nye treats electrification as a set of technical possibilities that were selectively adopted to create the streetcar suburb, the amusement park, the "Great White Way," the assembly line, the electrified home, and the industrialized farm. He shows how electricity touched every part of American life, how it became an extension of political ideologies, how it virtually created the image of the modern city, and how it even pervaded colloquial speech, confirming the values of high energy and speed that have become hallmarks of the twentieth century. He also pursues the social meaning of electrification as expressed in utopian ideas and exhibits at world's fairs, and explores the evocation of electrical landscapes in painting, literature, and photography.Electrifying America combines chronology and topicality to examine the major forms of light and power as they came into general use. It shows that in the city electrification promoted a more varied landscape and made possible new art forms and new consumption environments. In the factory, electricity permitted a complete redesign of the size and scale of operations, shifting power away from the shop floor to managers. Electrical appliances redefined domestic work and transformed the landscape of the home, while on the farm electricity laid the foundation for today's agribusiness.David E. Nye teaches American history at the University of Copenhagen. He has published books on Henry Ford and Thomas Edison, as well as Image Worlds, a study of photography and corporate identities at General Electric.

The planning of hydropower developments is still a great challenge covering a wide range of technical, economic and environmental issues. The present volume addresses these issues and highlights the ways in which hydropower can be developed to meet varying demands and changing conditions.