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Books > Business & Economics > Finance & accounting > Finance > Public finance
Public budgets follow rules of presentation and use terms that make
sense to few outside the world of public finance. Moreover,
practices vary widely among the thousands of governments across the
globe, between federal, state, and local levels of government in
the United States, and among nonprofit organizations, many of which
provide services similar to governments. Understanding Government
Budgets, Second Edition offers a detailed examination of each of
the different types of information found in budgets, featuring
annotated examples from a variety of organizations. It expands on
explanations in the previous edition by including a wealth of
examples from governments abroad and from the nonprofit sector. The
book stresses that the choices made about content, format, and
organization influence the story a budget tells. Designed to help
citizens, students, and policy makers become more informed users of
public budgets, this book makes the format of budgets and the
information they contain accessible and understandable, providing
users with the tools they need to make better sense of public
organizations and their performance. Complete with online
instructor support material including sample problems, in-class
exercises, and discussion questions for each chapter, Understanding
Government Budgets, Second Edition is perfect for undergraduate or
graduate-level courses in budgeting and public administration, and
offers a useful guide to budgets for citizens with an interest in
how government operates.
The Russian budget process has received little detailed attention
in academic literature. Here various key aspects of the formation
of the federal budget, largely since Vladimir Putin began his third
presidential term in 2012, are examined. It is primarily the
writing of the expenditure side of the budget which is described,
that is, how it is decided how much money is spent on what. While
ample information is provided on budgetary outcomes, the focus is
on the process: the issues faced by budget makers, the actors and
institutions involved, and the formal and informal procedures that
lead to outcomes. It is not the task of the volume to provide an
analysis of the wisdom or effectiveness of particular budget
allocations; its goal is to provide some judgement on the
effectiveness of the process. Chapters are offered on the budgetary
process as it relates to the two main claimants on federal budget
funding, the social and defence sectors. Three chapters then
examine the major locations of budgetary policy-making: the
executive (at presidential and cabinet of ministers levels), the
Duma, and the expert community. This book was originally published
as a special issue of Post-Communist Economies.
As experience with decentralization has accumulated, perceptions of
both the problems that often accompany decentralization and the
best ways to deal with them have evolved. This book draws on
experiences in developing countries to bridge the gap between the
conventional textbook treatment of fiscal decentralization and the
actual practice of subnational government finance. The extensive
literature about the theory and practice is surveyed, and
longstanding problems and new questions are addressed. There is no
simple or single way to get decentralization right. To be
successful, scholars of fiscal decentralization must pay close
attention to the unique political, economic, and institutional
context and objectives in each country. The authors focus on the
key choices that must be made in decentralizing, on how economic
and political factors shape the choices that countries make, and on
how, by paying more attention to the need for a more comprehensive
approach and the critical connections between different components
of decentralization reform, everyone involved might get more for
their money. Bahl and Bird have created a valuable resource for
scholars, students, and practitioners from economics, public
administration and management, planning, policy analysis, and
political science.
Pulls together variables recognized by academic scholars and
practitioners as important for conducting performance budgeting and
integrates these factors into a holistic model of improved
theoretical logic. Engages a multi-methodological approach to
provide an empirical foundation for the framework developed.
Contains case studies from around the US, and will appeal to
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
countries such as Latin America, China, South Korea, Taiwan and
numerous developing countries in Asia.
This book explores why, despite increased government spending on
income-support, health and education, the costs of public goods are
rising and their quality is declining. Charting the rise of big
government, the author identifies a growing divergence between
public-sector ideals and the realities of troubled political
economies grappling with debt, deficits, ageing populations,
improvident social insurance, declining education test scores and
multiplying health costs. Limited Government analyzes in detail the
social and political factors in major economies that drive up
public spending, as well as the relationship between spending and
outcomes. By developing an alternate model of public finances, and
engaging in a critique of the managerial society, the author
emphasizes the positive effects of self-management, social
self-organization and technological automation, arguing that
high-quality, low-cost goods are the result of nations that save,
not states that tax. A sociological account of public finances,
Limited Government outlines how governments can spend less and yet
help ensure good broad equitable standards of health, education and
income security.
Population ageing is an important trend which will be experienced
in industrialized countries in the early years of the next century.
This significant book examines aspects of population ageing and
pensions, with an emphasis on the design and use of simple economic
models to focus on particular aspects of a very broad problem. The
analysis of pensions presents many complex problems. A major aim of
this book is to demonstrate how reasonably simple economic models
can be designed and used to shed some light on the issues involved
in population growth and pension provision. The basic analytics of
population growth and pension structure are first explored.
Projections for Australia are examined and used to model ageing and
social expenditure and to estimate the 'burden' of aged care on
future workers. The author goes on to investigate pensions and
pension finance, and examines several types of economic model
before turning to the analysis of alternative pension arrangements
using a lifetime simulation model. The results of the study suggest
that both lower contribution rates and a universal pension
encourage a later retirement age. This book will prove invaluable
to students and scholars of public sector economics, welfare
economics, social economics and public finance.
Perfecting your pricing is fundamental to the success of your
business. It affects how your customers perceive you, it can make
or break a sale, and it's the most powerful key to profitable and
sustainable growth. But how do you know your pricing is right? How
do you approach making this most crucial of decisions with
confidence and clarity? In Pricing for Success, leading pricing
expert Mark Peacock takes a fresh look at the power and psychology
of pricing and walks you clearly through seven essential steps that
will improve your pricing, delight your customers, and create a
more profitable business. Through an illuminating and informative
blend of straightforward examples, templates and real-life
case-studies, presented alongside over fifty expert pricing tips,
tools and tactics, you'll discover: Why pricing is your biggest
lever for profitable growth The persuasive pricing techniques that
have the biggest impact How customer-driven approaches make it
easier to boost your bottom line The surprising truth about premium
pricing and how its easier to sell How to cleverly structure your
offer so you can optimise your prices How to avoid common pricing
pitfalls and lose your fear of losing business The time you spend
on getting this right is the best investment youll make in your
business. So, stop leaving money on the table, start taking control
of your pricing and create a powerful new approach to pricing that
will unlock higher profits and provide sustainable business growth.
This book examines the present status, recent tax reforms and
planned tax policies in some South and East Asia countries since
the 1990s. The evidence is presented in a user friendly manner, but
at the same time uses technically sophisticated methods. The main
countries studied are China, India, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea
and Thailand.
It is unique for being the first systematic treatment of the
topic: hitherto, the information available has been widely
dispersed and difficult to access. It should prove to be a natural
companion to two previous books on taxation published by Routledge
and also edited by Luigi Bernardi.
The book brings together internationally respected specialists from
economics, history and political science such as Harold James,
Louis Pauly and Kenneth Moure. First providing a short history of
money doctors, the book then goes on to cover such themes as:
*the IMF and policy advice
*the Russian experience
*contemporary money doctors.
The book shows that there is still a long way to go before
international financial advice develops into something that is
truly helpful in the long term.
This book, first published in 1985, investigates the enactment of
the federal income tax as a case study of an important Progressive
Era reform. It was a critical issue that likely divided people
along socioeconomic lines, thus helping to provide insight into the
debate over the 'class origins' of the reformist movement.
Building on the work carried out in the 2004 Routledge book, Tax
Systems and Tax Reforms in Europe, an international team of
contributors now turn their attention to the new EU member states.
The book compares conditions in the new and potential EU Member
states to those in the long-standing EU countries. Topics covered
include:
* A Comparative View of Taxation in the EU and in New
Members
* Tax Policy in EU New Members
* Tax Policy in New Members under the Stability Pact
* Tax Administration and the Black Economy.
As well as investigating countries such as the Czech Republic,
Estonia and the Baltics, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia, this
outstanding book contains a foreword by Vito Tanzi and will be a
valuable resource for postgraduates and professionals in the fields
of economics, politics, finance and European studies.
Fiscal policy is an incredibly important tool for governments
across the world, with many countries facing dilemmas in crafting
fiscal policies to meet changing demographic needs, greater demands
for social welfare and sudden spending due to shocks such as
terrorism. This important book looks at fiscal policy in the Asian
Pacific economies and with a broad array of contributors will be a
useful tool to students, researchers and professionals working in
international economics and finance.
Entitlements represent one of the largest and fastest-growing
portions of the federal budget. They are regarded as sacrosanct by
lawmakers, yet many people see them as one of the greatest threats
to the American Dream. T his volume argues that by sacrificing the
future in order to pay ever-larger federal benefits through
programs such as Social Security, Medicare, and federal pensions,
entitlement spending has become a crushing burden to American
workers. Peterson and Howe destroy myths surrounding entitlement
spending. They show that the bulk of it does not go to the poor.
The majority of the elderly are not needy and dependent.
Entitlement programs, not defense spending, consume the largest
share of the federal budget. In short, we cannot balance the budget
without reducing entitlement spending. In a country that demands
critical investments--improving public education, alleviating
poverty, increasing professional opportunity--growth in entitlement
spending is unaffordable. "On Borrowed Time" is an important and
timely book that will be mandatory reading for policymakers,
politicians, economists, and a general public concerned with its
financial future.
This set gathers together ten essential texts on Taxation. Covering
the history of taxation from the seventeenth century to the modern
day, these titles range over tax legislation, income taxes,
taxation in communist countries, tax and government, and universal
income.
Contents: Part One: A General Picture of European Tax Systems and the Main Topics in Tax Reforms 1. A Comparative View of Selected European Countries Luca Gandullia 2. Rationale and Open Issues of more Radical Reforms Luigi Bernardi 3. Public Finance and Political Economies in Tax Design and Reforms Paola Profeta 4. Reducing Fiscal Pressure Under the Stability Pact Fedele De Novellis and Salvatore Parlato Part Two: National Case Studies of European Tax Systems and Tax Reforms Luca Gandullia Co-Editor 5. France Simona Scabrosetti 6. Germany Giorgia C. Maffini 7. Ireland Alessandro Sommacal 8. Italy Luigi Bernardi 9. Spain Davide Tondani 10. The Netherlands Graziano Abrate 11. The United Kingdom Giuseppe Migali
Contents: Acknowledgements Preface Introduction List of Sections Diverse Taxing Terms and Strategies Al-musadara system (Moslem Near East) Corporate 'Inversion' (United States) Firma burghi (Great Britain) Rural Patronage (Roman Empire) Tax Avoidance Tax Evasion Tax Farming Underground Economy (frequently referred to as 'the black Market') Ancient World c. 2350 BC - Urukagina's Reform (Babylonia/Sumer) 2000 BC - Kiddinutu (Assyria) 431 BC - Delian League Revolt (Greece) c. 338 BC - Khabbash Revolt (Egypt) c. 360 or 361 BC - Rebellion against Tachos (Egypt) 240-237 BC - Mercenary War (Carthage, North Africa) 220 BC - Rhodes/Byzantium War (Near East) c. 220 BC ff. - Tax Farming Controversy (Palestine, Egyptian Kingdom) c. 200 BC - Sitologi Protests (Egypt, third century BC) 191 BC ff. - Li-t'ien (China) 141 BC ff. - Tax Remission (China) 113 BC - Black Market Complaint (Egypt) 81 BC - Discourses on Salt and Iron (China) 67 BC - Hyrcanus Opposition (Judaea) 44 BC - Opposition to Triumvirs' Taxes (Roman Empire) 43 BC - Asian Tax Resistance (Roman Empire) 26-24 BC - Thebaid Revolts (Egypt, Roman Empire) AD 6 - Senate Tax Opposition (Roman Empire) AD 9 ff. - Wang Mang's Reforms (China) AD 17-24 - Tacfarinas's Revolt (North Africa, Roman Empire) AD 21 - Treveri and Aedui Rebellion (Gaul, Roman Empire) AD 28 - Frisian Rebellion (Roman Germany) AD 30 ff. - Land Tax Riots (China) AD 36 - Cietae Rebellion (Cappadocia) c. AD 39 - Roman Tax Protest (Rome) AD 55 - Egyptian Practors' Appeal (Egypt, Roman Empire) AD 58 - Nero's Tax Reform (Rome) AD 60 - Iceni Revolt (Britain) AD 66-70 - Judaea Revolt (Judaea, Roman Empire) AD 68 - Gaul Revolt (Gaul province, Roman Empire) AD 71 - Temple-Tax Resistance (Judaea and Egypt, AD 71 and ff.) AD 116 - Commanderies Tax Revolt (China) AD 212 - Constitutio Antoniniana (Egypt) AD 238 - Carthage Rebellion (Roman Empire) AD 284-305 - Agri deserti (Roman Empire) AD 297 - Egyptian Revolt (Roman Empire) AD 306 - Roman Revolution, or Maxentius's Revolt (Rome, Roman Empire) AD 284-305 ff.- Agri deserti (Roman Empire) Early Middle Ages, AD 365-1199 365-66 - Revolt of Procopius (Roman Empire) 372 - Rebellion of Firmus (North Africa, Roman Empire) 374-375 - Mauretanian Rebellion (Africa, Western Roman Empire) 375 - Pannonian Tax Resistance (Pannonia, Roman Empire) 376 - Fritigern's Rebellion (Thrace, Eastern Roman Empire) 387 - Antioch Rebellion (Eastern Roman Empire) c. 400 - Gallic Traders' Tax Avoidance (Gaul, Roman Empire) c. 400 ff. - Bagaudae Revolts (Gaul) 450 - Valentinian III's Constitution (Rome, Roman Empire) 458-459 - Refusal to Pay Tribute (Byzantium, formerly Eastern Roman Empire) c. 460 ff. - Buddhist Clergy Growth (China) c. 464-465 - Bibianus's Mission (Gaul) 502 - Refusal to Pay Tribute (Byzantine Empire) c. 528 - Tarsus Protests (Eastern Roman Empire) 532 - Nika Revolt (Byzantium) 540 - Lazica Revolt (Lazica, now Jordan) c. 544 - Injuriosus's Protest (Kingdom of the Franks) 548 - Stoning of Parthenius (Kingdom of the Franks) 578 - Limoges Riot (Kingdom of the Franks) c. 582 ff. - Falsification of Records (China) 589 - Bishop Gregory's Tax Resistance (Kingdom of the Franks) 645 - Alexandria Uprising (Egypt) 665 - Gennadius's Tax Rejection (Egypt, Byzantine Empire) 687 - Ling-nan Rising (China) 711 ff. - Suppressing Buddhist Tax Evasion (China) 721 ff. - Re-registration Opposition (China) 722 - Papal Tax Rejection (Italy, Byzantine Empire) 727 - Cosmas's Revolt (Greece, Byzantine Empire) 820-823 - Thomas the Slav Revolt (Byzantium) 821 ff. - Tea Tax Evasion (China) 874 ff. - Banditry (China) 882 - Limonta Peasants Protest (Italy) Early 900s - Bedouin Revolt (Iraq) 913 and ff. - Bulgarian War (Byzantine Empire) 917 - Basra Riot (Iraq) 934 - Slav Tribute Rebellion (Byzantine Empire) 969 - Fostat Revolt (Egypt) 991 - Danegeld Resistance (Britain) 994 - Church Council (France) 1003 - Church Tax Opposition (Byzantine Empire) 1040 - Bulgarian Revolt (Byzantine Empire) c. 1042 ff. - Military Dismantling (Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire) c. 1057 - Lady Godiva's Ride (England) 1188 - Saladin Tithe Protest (France) 1197 - German Tax Opposition (Byzantine Empire) 1198 ff. - Tithe Controversy (Poland) Late Middle Ages, 1200-1500 1207 ff. - Tithe Conflict (Poland) 1215 - Magna Carta (England) 1222 - Golden Bull Exemption (Hungary) 1224 - Abbott of Battle vs. William (England) 1237 - Aids Resistance (England) 1241- Mintey Resistance (England) 1248 ff. - Tithe Opposition (Poland) 1270 - Parlement Decree of 1270 (France) 1280 - Fralse (Sweden) 1282 - Sicilian Vespers Revolt (Sicily) 1285 ff. - Anatolian Rebellions (Asia Minor, Byzantium) 1289 - Tax Resistance (Florentine Republic, Italy) 1296 - Cistercian Order Tax Uprising (France) 1297 - Maltolt Opposition (England) 1297 ff. - Papal Tax Opposition (Italy) 1300 - Charles of Valois Aid Protest (France) 1303 - Althing Remonstrance (Iceland) 1304 - Flanders Peasant War (France) 1304 - Bithynia Tax Revolt (Byzantine Empire) 1308 - Marriage Aid Protest of 1308 (France) 1314 - Burgundy, League of (France) 1314 - Nobles Revolt of 1314 (France) 1321 - Thrace Tax Exemption (Byzantine Empire) 1323 - Populares (France) c. 1330 - Fordwich Attack (England) 1332-1334 - Peasants Revolt (India) 1334 - Parlement Decree of 1334 (France) 1337 - Languedoc Arriere-ban Protest (France) 1338-1339 - Protest Poems and Songs (England) 1339 - Norman Estates Tax Charter (France) 1340-1342 - Lincolnshire Inquiries (England) 1341 - Rejection of Estimo (Florentine Republic, Italy) 1341 - La Puy Salt Tax Protest (France) 1343 - Crisis of 1343 (France) 1343 - Brienne's Downfall (Florentine Republic, Italy) 1346 - Estates of Languedoil (France) 1348 - Normandy Riots (France) 1350s - Boendur Revolt (Iceland) 1351 - Rouen Rising (France) 1351-1368 - Lower Yangtze Rebellions (China) 1354 - Rienzo's Demise (Italy) 1356 - Navarrese Tax Opposition (France) 1358 - Jacquerie (France) 1360-70 - Venice Salt Makers Tax Opposition (Italy) 1363 - Ransom Protest (Scotland) 1369 - Acquitaine Revolt (France) 1378 - Languedoc Uprising (France) 1379 - Ghent Revolt (Flanders) 1381 - Aides Uprisings (France) 1381 - Wat Tyler's Rebellion (Great Britain) 1388 - Remensas' Protests (Spain) 1391 - Barcelona Riots (Spain) 1393 - Eyjafjord Tax Resistance (Iceland) 1400 ff. - Cuetaxtla Protest (Mexico) 1413 - Estates-General Reforms (France) 1425 - Catasta Debate (Florence, Italy) 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion (England) 1461 - Rheims Tax Revolt (France) 1462 - Remenca Serfs Rising (Spain) 1465 - 'War for the Public Weal' (War of the League of the Public Weal) (France) 1480 - Muscovy Tribute Resistance (Russia) 1484 - Tours States-General (France) 1489 - Yorkshire Rebellion (England) 1497 - Cornish Risings of 1497 (Cornish Rebellion) (England) Renaissance to Enlightenment, 1500-1700 1502 ff.- Bundschuh (Germany/Switzerland) 1514 - Agen Revolt (France) 1514 - 'Poor Conrad' Rebellion (Arme Konrad) (Germany) 1520-21 - Great Revolt in Castile (Spain) 1524-25 - Peasants' Revolt (Peasants' War, Bauernkrieg) (Germany/Austria) 1525 - Amicable Grant Resistance (England) 1529ff. - Tithe Payers' Strike (France) 1536-37 - Pilgrimage of Grace (England) 1537 - Montelimar Exemption Protest (France) 1536 ff. - Ghent Revolt (Flanders, Belgium, Holy Roman Empire) 1540s - Telemark Uprising (Norway) 1542 - Gabelle Revolt (France) 1542 - Nils Dacke Rising (Sweden) 1543 - Export Duty Resistance (Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire) 1543 - 1545-Cortes Tax Refusals (Spain) 1548 - Guyenne Revolt (France) 1549 - Western Rebellion (England) 1563-1564 - Tax Farming Complaints (Ottoman Empire) 1564 - Parlement Tax Act (France) 1567ff. - Revolt of the Netherlands (Spanish Habsburg Empire) 1567 ff. - Reichenstein Rising (Austria) 1570s - Trondelag Uprising (Norway) 1572 - Census Opposition (Cyprus, Ottoman Empire) 1573 - Tithe Opposition (Sweden) 1573 - Croat Rising (Hungary, Austrian Monarchy) 1573-1577 - Castile Tax Resistance (Spain) 1576 - Cahier de doleance (France) 1578 - Anti-tax League (France) 1580 - Carnival in Romans (France) 1582 ff. - Haute-Uzege Revolt (France) 1586 - Gautiers Revolt (France) 1589 ff - Millones Protests (Spain) 1590s - Campaneres (France) 1591-1594 - Rappenkrieg (Switzerland) 1592 - Tunja Sales Tax Revolts (Colombia) 1594 ff. - Peasants' Revolt (Austria) 1593-95 - Vivarais Uprising (France) 1594 - Michael's Revolt (Romania, Ottoman Empire) 1595 - Third Estate Appeal (France) 1595-1597 - Peasant Risings (Austria) 1596 - Finland Rising (Sweden) 1596-1610 - Celali Revolts (Ottoman Empire) 1597 - Tax Rebellions (China) 1597 - Pancarte Resistance (France) 1597-Peasants Revolt (Hungary, Austrian Monarchy) 1598-1613-Time of Troubles (Russia) 1603-1608 - 'The Great Flight' (Ottoman Empire) 1606-1607 - Bolotnikov Rebellion (Russia) 1610 - Great Contract (Great Britain) 1620 ff. - Stock-and-Land Tax Conflict (Sweden) 1622 - Little Toll (Sweden) 1624 - Poitiers Riot (France) 1626 - Peasants Uprising (Austria) 1626 ff. - Catalonia Rebellion (Spanish Kingdom) 1628 - Petition of Right (Great Britain) 1630 - Lanturelu Rising (France) 1630 - Cascaveoux Revolt (France) 1631-1632 - Vizcaya Revolt (Spain) 1634-39 - Ship Writs Protest (Great Britain) 1635 - Agen Rising (France) 1635-43 - Saintonge/Angoumois Rebellions (France) 1636-1637 - Croquants Revolt (France) 1637 - Evora Riots (Portugal) 1638 ff. - Pardiac Revolts (France) 1639-43 - Va-nu-Pieds Revolt (France) 1640s - Excise Riots (England) 1643 - Excise and New Impost Protests (Great Britain) 1643 - Tax Risings (France) 1645 - Montpellier Revolt (France) 1645 - Cordoba Tax Resistance (Spain) 1647 - Palermo Revolt (Sicily, Spanish Kingdom) 1647-1648 - Naples Revolt (Italy, Spanish Kingdom) 1648 - Customs Protest (Ottoman Empire) 1648 - Moscow Uprising (Russia) 1648-1653 - Fronde of the Parlement (France) 1653 - Swiss Peasant War (Switzerland) 1659 ff. - Indigo Tax Evasion (Guatemala) 1662 - Kolomenskoe Protest (Russia) 1662 - Lustucru War (France) 1663 - Chalosse Rising (France) 1670 - Aubenas Revolt (France) 1670s - Peasant Revolt (France) 1675 - Bonnets Rouge Revolt (France) 1676 - Bacon's Rebellion (American Colonies, Great Britain) 1683 - Repartimiento Protest (Guatemala) 1689 - Hearth Tax (Hearth-Money) Repeal (Great Britain) Eighteenth Century 1700 - Camisard Revolt (France) 1703 - Rakoczi's Insurrection (Hungary, Austrian Empire) 1707-08 - Lower Don Rebellion (Russia) 1712 - Mosquito Coast Rebellion (Central America) 1713 - Tax Rejection (Sweden) 1717 - Fukuyama Rising (Japan) 1726-1727 - Sanchu ikki (Japan) 1729 - Piche Settlement (Guatemala) 1733 - Excise Bill Riots (Great Britain) 1736 - Gin Act Protests (Great Britain) 1736 - Porteous Riots (Great Britain) 1739 - Iwaki Daira Rising (Japan) 1749 - Aizu Rising (Japan) 1749-1751 - Vingtieme Opposition (France) 1752 - Fukuyama Rising (Japan) 1761 - Canek Revolt (Yucatan) 1761-1763 - Ueda Horeki Rising (Japan) 1762 ff. - War of the Strilars (Norway) 1763 - Cider Act Protests (Great Britain) 1763 ff. - Bourbon Fiscal Reform Resistance (Guatemala) 1764-1765 - Tenma Sodo (Japan) 1764-75 - American Revolution (American Colonies, Great Britain) 1765 - Strilekrigen (Norway) 1765 - Rebellion of the Barrios (Ecuador) 1765 - Stamp Act Crisis and Stamp Act Congress (American Colonies, Great Britain) 1765-71 - Regulators (American Colonies, Great Britain) 1767 - Guanajuato Riot (Mexico) 1767 - Silesia Revolt (Austrian Monarchy) 1770 - Fukuyama Rising (Japan) 1773 - Palermo Revolt (Sicily, Italy) 1773-1774 - Boston Tea Party (Massachusetts Colony, Great Britain) 1773-75 - Pugachev Revolt (Russia) 1774 - Cochabamba Customs House Riot (Bolivia) 1775 - Peasants Rebellion (Bohemia, Austrian Monarchy, Holy Roman Empire) 1776 - Koyasan Revolt (Japan) 1780 - Arequipa Rebellion (Peru) 1780 - Katarista Rebellion (Bolivia) 1780 - La Paz Uprising (Bolivia) 1780-81 - Tupac Amaru Revolution (Peru) 1781 - Comunero Rebellion (Colombia) 1781 - Silk Tax Rising (Japan) 1782 - Carriage Tax Revolt (Sicily) 1783 ff. - Pennsylvania Whiskey Excise Protests (United States) 1784 - Nobles' Tax Opposition (Austrian Empire) 1784 - Horia and Closca Revolt (Transylvania, Austrian Monarchy) 1786 - Shays's Rebellion (United States) 1786-1787 - Tenmei Rising (Japan) 1786-1787 - Lofthuus's Revolt (Norway) 1788-89 - Minas Gerais Conspiracy (Brazil) 1789-1802 - French Revolution (France) 1790 - Decree Repeal Uprising (Austria) 1790 - Saxony Peasants' Revolt (Electorate of Saxony, Germany) 1790 - Fishermen's Revolt (Japan) 1793 ff. - White Lotus Rebellion (China) 1794 - Whiskey Rebellion (United States) 1794 - Pazvantoglu Rebellion (Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire) 1795 - Denbigh Protest (Wales) 1799 - Fries Rebellion (United States) Nineteenth Century 1800 - St. Clears Tax Riot (Wales, Great Britain) 1802 - Parliament's Expunging Tax Roles (Great Britain) 1802-07 - Zempoala Tax Resistance (Mexico) 1806 - Llannon Riot (Wales, Great Britain) 1810 - Nobles' Tax Rebellion (Sicily) 1810 ff. - Nobles' Tax Reform Opposition (Prussia) 1811-1812 - Takeda Rising (Japan) 1814 - Echigo Rising (Japan) 1828 - Nobles' Tax Opposition (Russia) 1815-20 - Totonicapan Anti-tribute Uprising (Guatemala) 1816 - Commons Abolition of the Income Tax (Great Britain) 1822 - Cachoeira Uprising (Brazil) 1825 - Tumenggung Mohamad Revolt (Indonesia) 1826 - Homs Revolt (Syria) 1826 ff. - Hama Protest (Syria) 1831 - Damascus Revolt (Syria) 1831-1840 - Ferde Tax Opposition (Syria and Palestine) 1831-32 - Carmarthen Riots (Wales) 1833 - 'Awayid Abolition (Syria) 1834 - Fellah Revolt (Palestine, Ottoman Empire) 1835-1837 - Peasant Risings (Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire) 1838 - Carrera Revolt (Guatemala) 1838 - Anti-Corn-Law League (Great Britain) 1839-42 - Rebecca Riots (Wales) 1840s ff. - Tax Resistance Movements (China) 1841 - Druze Tax Resistance (Syria) 1841 - Anatolian Tax Resistance (Turkey, Ottoman Empire) 1842 - Ch'ung-yang Uprising (China) 1842 - Zhaowen County Uprising (China) 1845 - Tjikandi Affair (Indonesia) 1847 ff. - Battle of the Malt Tax (Great Britain) 1847-50 - Sierra Gorda Rebellion (Mexico) 1848 - Revolution of 1848 (Sicily) 1850 - Aleppo Revolt (Syria) 1850 - Peasant Rising (Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire) 1851 - Census Rebellion (Brazil) 1851 - Grape Growers Strike (Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire) 1853 - Nambu Rising (Japan) 1853 - Qingpu Resistance (China) 1854 - 'Alawis Revolt (Syria) 1855-1856 - Bedel Opposition (Syria) 1860 ff. - Shantung Tax Resistance (China) 1860 - Damascus Riots (Syria) 1860s - Zemstvo Tax Protest (Russia) 1866 - 1867-Kaisei Rising (Japan) 1871 - Match Girls (Great Britain) 1872 - Land and Labour League (Great Britain) 1874-1875 - Peasants Revolt (Herzegovina, Ottoman Empire) 1879 ff. - Single Tax Movement (United States) 1880 - Vintem Riot (Brazil) 1880s - Salt Tax Uprisings (Egypt) 1884 - Chichibu Rising (Japan) 1888 - Banten Revolt (Indonesia) 1891 ff. - Anti-tax Riots (Italy) 1894 - Sicily Rebellion (Italy) 1895 - Income Tax Opposition (France) Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries 1900 ff. - Acre War (Bolivia) 1900 ff. - Free Conservatives (Denmark) 1901-1905, and ff. - Peasant Antitax Risings (China) 1906 - Bambatha Rebellion (Natal, South Africa) 1907 - Winegrowers' Strike (France) 1908 - Dai Loc Tax Revolt (Viet Nam) 1911 - Waichow Revolution (China) 1916 - Two Kitchen Knives Rebellion (China) 1918 - Opium Surtax Resistance (China) 1919 ff. - Georgists (Danmarks Retsforbund) (Denmark) 1920s - Tax Boycotts (Burma) 1921 - Guntur No-tax Campaign (India) 1923 ff. - Red Spears' Tax Risings (China) 1925 ff. - Opium Tax Protests (China) 1930 - Nghe An Revolt (Vietnam) 1930 ff. - Great Depression Tax Resistance (United States) 1931-1932 - Ch'ang-le Revolt (China) 1932 - Chiang-tu hsien Disturbances (China) 1934 - Taxi Drivers' Strike (France) 1937-1939 - Damodar Canal Tax Movement (India) 1943 - Tigrai Rebellion (Ethiopia) 1949 - Tax Law Opposition (Japan) 1953 ff. - Poujadisme (France) 1960s - Barwick Court (Australia) 1963-1970 - Bale Rebellion (Ethiopia) 1964 - Latifundists' Tax Resistance (Portugal) 1968 - Gojjam Revolt (Ethiopia) 1969 - Antiwar Tax Rally (United States) 1970 - Scarsdale Property Tax Rejection (United States) 1978 - Proposition 13 (United States) 1990 - Poll Tax Riots (Great Britain) 1995 ff. - Taxpayer Protection Act (Canada) 1999 - Gasoline Tax Protests (Jamaica) 2000 ff. - DC Vote (United States) 2000 - Fuel Tax Protests (Europe) 2000 - Banana Tax Protest (People's Republic of China) 2001 - Separatists' Movement (Canada) 2001 - Tennessee Income Tax Protest (United States) 2002 - Restaurateurs Strike (France) 2002 - Tax Opposition (Ascension Island) Biographies Bacon, Nathaniel (1647-1676) (United States) Baez, Joan (1941- ) Ball, John ( -1381) (Great Britain) Bassingbourne, Sir Stephen (Great Britain) Boadicea (Boudicca or Boudica) (d. 60 A.D.) (Britain) Bolotnikov, Ivan Isaevich ( -1607, Russia) Boniface VIII ( -1303, Italy) Charles the Bad (Charles II of Navarre) (1332-1387, France) Cobden, Richard (1804-1865, Great Britain) Cruz, Francisco de la ( -1578, Peru) Flavius Sabinus ( ,Rome) Fries, John (1750-1825, United States) George, Henry (1839-1897, United States) Germanus (c. 378-448, Gaul) Hampden, John (c. 1595-1643, England) d'Harcourt, Godefroy ( -1356, France) Jarvis, Howard (1903-1986, United States) Kellems, Vivien (1896-1975, United States) Lee, J. (Joseph) Bracken (1899-1996, United States) Philip IV (Philip the Fair) (1268-1314, France) Shays, Daniel (1747-1825, United States) Tupac Amaru (1747-1781, Peru) Tyler, Wat (Walter Tyler, -June 15, 1281, England) Appendix: Entry by Nation Bibliography Index
The book brings together internationally respected specialists from economics, history and political science such as Harold James, Louis Pauly and Kenneth Mouré. First providing a short history of money doctors, the book then goes on to cover such themes as: *the IMF and policy advice *the Russian experience *contemporary money doctors. The book shows that there is still a long way to go before international financial advice develops into something that is truly helpful in the long term.
Dick Netzer, a leading public finance economist specializing in
state and local issues and urban government, brings together in
this comprehensive volume essays by top scholars connecting the
property tax with land use. They explore the idea that the property
tax is used as a partial substitute for land use regulation and
other policies designed to affect how land is utilized. Like many
economists, the contributors see some type of property taxation as
the more efficient means of helping to shape land use. Some of the
essays analyze a conventional property tax, while others consider
radically different systems of property taxation. The first paper
sets the stage, modeling taxes on land and buildings in the context
of a dynamic model of real estate markets. The remaining papers
examine how various tax mechanisms and non-tax alternatives to
regulating and determining land use, such as zoning and private
neighborhood associations, complement or substitute for one
another. Urban planners and economists interested in local public
finance will welcome this comprehensive study.
Developments in the NHS, Railtrack and London Underground have led
to speculation about whether a new organisational form is now
needed for public service delivery. There are several perceived
problems with the conventional models, which have led to the
increased involvement of the private and voluntary sectors in
recent years. However, company and charity models were not designed
with public services primarily in mind, so does Britain need a new
type of orgainsation to protect the public interest while providing
a stimulus to creativity, risk-taking and entrepreneurship? Does
the current debate about new organisational forms, including the
Public Interest Company model, contain the answer? The Public
Management Foundation explores where the problems with public
services lie, and the extent to which new forms might be the
solution.
Originally published in 1919, A primer of National Finance
discusses elements of financial principles with reference to facts
and figures of British National Finance, Britain's financial
position and general outline of where finances stood at the time of
publication. Higgs aims to explain essential information about the
political economy in a simple and concise way to reach a wider
audience on issues related to wealth and production. This title
will be of interest to students of Economics and Political History.
This title was first published in 2003. India's tax revenues depend
on manufacturing while agriculture and services generate
employment. WTO's Uruguay and Doha rounds imply large tariff cuts.
This affects the competitiveness of the Indian manufacturing sector
and has implications for government deficits. Excessive dependence
on indirect taxes and subsidies to regulate markets introduces
distortions and is incompatible with free market principles. The
book analyses welfare implications of fiscal and trade policies for
India. To put the results in perspective, developments in trade
theory, public finance and Computable General Equilibrium (CGE)
modelling are covered. Theoretical results are juxtaposed with
empirical findings from these models. Methodology to construct CGE
models is also covered. The trade model covers tariff cuts under
various assumptions besides incorporating "new trade theory". As
tax reforms and tariff cuts are independent, past tax reforms like
MODVAT (MODified VAT) and proposed reforms like VAT,
elimination/reduction of subsidies are covered using a separate tax
model.
Economists studying comparative economic systems have generally
neglected the important question of taxation in socialist
countries. This is somewhat surprising since taxation plays an
important role in the regulation of economic activity in these
countries. This book, first published in 1985, aims to restore the
study of taxation to its rightful role in comparative economic
studies. It stresses the importance of taxation and the state
budget and argues that these are tools of economic policy which
complement central economic planning.
Series Information: Harwood Fundamentals of Pure & Applied Economics
The Discretionary Economy argues that we do in fact control our
own political and economic destinies. As a community, we have
discretion over policies that determine whether an economic process
adequately provides for the necessities of life. We also determine
who participates in normative public judgments and whether
decisions distinguish between what is and what ought to be. Tool
argues that we must continuously organize the institutional
structures through which economic and political functions in the
social process are carried on. We must exercise discretion by
creating and modifying institutions that coordinate our
behavior.
To exercise discretion effectively requires that we employ
distinctively American economic, political, and philosophical
theory. In this volume, the pivotal twentieth-century contributors
to this encompassing theory of political economy are Thorstein
Veblen, John Dewey, Clarence Ayres, and R. Fagg Foster. This volume
presents, in detail, their analytical and philosophical perspective
on social change. A major purpose of this volume is to compare and
contrast the American tradition with the traditions of capitalism,
Marxism, and fascism, demonstrating that the former can resolve
compelling economic and political problems and the latter two
cannot.
This book explains how to identify and analyze social, economic,
and political problems confronted in all communities, and how to go
about framing and implementing structural adjustments in the
political economy. It will be of interest to students in
non-traditional courses in political economy including
institutional economics, contemporary social problems, economics
and social policy, methodology, and contemporary economic
thought.
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