Relativity Revealed: A Concrete Approach You Can Understand presents Einstein's special theory of relativity in clear and simple language. This book is intended for high school students who may have an interest in science, or for adults who simply want to know what relativity is all about. The material in the book was twice presented by the author, Prof. Ray C. Jones, in a series of popular public lectures at Southwestern Oklahoma State University. Special relativity concerns the differences in physical quantities, such as time intervals, lengths and masses, that occur when measured by observers who are in constant speed motion relative to each other or to the objects being measured. Although relativity begins with simple statements about the speed of light and the nature of clocks, we soon find that it changes our perceptions of space and time and leads to an understanding of nuclear fission and fusion processes and the radiation of energy from the sun. This book, by an exceptional teacher, is a very good place to begin to learn of these things. In this book, Prof. Jones develops the major ideas of relativity from simple postulates about observations of the speed of light. The basic ideas are presented in simple language, but are then extended into a consistent logical framework with the aid of some minimal high school level mathematics. (The details of mathematical developments are presented in Appendices that will help to sharpen reader's skills.)

A remarkable concept known as "entanglement" in quantum physics requires an incredibly bizarre link between subatomic particles. When one such particle is observed, quantum entanglement demands the rest of them to be affected instantaneously, even if they are universes apart. Einstein called this "spooky actions at a distance," and argued that such bizarre predictions of quantum theory show that it is an incomplete theory of nature. In 1964, however, John Bell proposed a theorem which seemed to prove that such spooky actions at a distance are inevitable for any physical theory, not just quantum theory. Since then many experiments have confirmed these long-distance correlations. But now, in this groundbreaking collection of papers, the author exposes a fatal flaw in the logic and mathematics of Bell's theorem, thus undermining its main conclusion, and proves that---as suspected by Einstein all along---there are no spooky actions at a distance in nature. The observed long-distance correlations among subatomic particles are dictated by a garden-variety "common cause," encoded within the topological structure of our ordinary physical space itself.

Throughout the decade of the 1990's, Professor Firk taught a one-year course of a specialized nature to students who entered Yale College with excellent preparation in Mathematics and the Physical Sciences, and who expressed an interest in Physics or a closely related field. The students were required to take the highest level of introductory Mathematics in parallel with the course. The book covers topics taught in the first semester; they include: 1. MATHEMATICAL PRELIMINARIES 2. KINEMATICS: THE GEOMETRY OF MOTION 3. CLASSICAL AND SPECIAL RELATIVITY 4. NEWTONIAN DYNAMICS 5. INVARIANCE PRINCIPLES AND CONSERVATION LAWS 6. EINSTEINIAN DYNAMICS

The field equations of Einstein's General Relativity are solved for an infinite universe with uniform density. One of the three solutions, the Infinite Universe of Einstein and Newton, fits all the data for the Hubble diagram better than the Big Bang. Next, using general relativity and the physics that evolved from Newton, the force of gravity between two massive point particles is found. Utilizing this force and the Infinite Universe of Einstein and Newton model, the net force of gravity on a point particle in arbitrary motion, due the uniform mass distribution of the universe, is calculated by integration. This net force of gravity is found to be equal to the Force of Inertia. These calculations explain Newton's First Law, Newton's Second Law, and the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass. The middle of the book deals with the development of quantum mechanics. Here it is shown that hidden within the classical mechanics of particles there is the phase of a wave, associated with a particle, that moves at the speed of a de Broglie wave. The form of the phase of the wave is developed. Making use of the form of the phase, the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for a particle is setup to be solved using an integrating factor. The resulting equation is manipulated directly into the form of the Schrodinger equation. This development requires that the particle Hamilton-Jacobi equation has a solution whenever the Schrodinger equation has a solution and vice versa. The classical wave function is then shown to have exactly the same mathematical properties as the quantum mechanical wave function, including the fact that the absolute value squared of the classical wave function has the mathematical properties of a probability density. However, the interpretation that this is a probability density for the particle is shown not to hold. Lastly, the missing matter problem is resolved by showing that the dynamics and the mass of a spiral galaxy are better and more naturally explained by using ordinary physics with ordinary interacting matter than they are by postulating and using exotic weakly interacting dark matter.

Tired of popular science books written by renowned physicists who think you cannot comprehend what they do, so... all you deserve is the illusion of understanding? If yes, this is the book for you. The fact that the reader may not have a scientific education does not mean that s/he does not have the intelligence to understand profound concepts -- as long as they are presented with semantic and epistemological clarity. After all, Einstein said that Science is simply the refinement of our intuition and everyday experiences. Galloping with Light is a symbolic cavalcade that starts with the discovery of fire 1.5 million years ago; it allegorically employs the imagination of an adolescent called Einstein to explain the Theory of Relativity in non-scientific terms, and ends with the Apollo 11 landing on the Moon in 1969 -- depositing on lunar soil a laser retro-reflector which would prove, once again, that Einstein was right. Motivated by his own difficulties to understand Relativity Theory, and convinced that it is possible to teach the layperson without distorting the subject matter, the author takes an approach utterly opposed to that of most popular science books. Knowing he has to demolish what the reader understands by time, distance, and motion, the author -using his experiences as a child, adolescent, and adult- dedicates the first half of the book to convince the reader that our intuition and common sense, as applied to those three everyday concepts, have a foundation as solid as that of a castle on the sand. The purpose of this book is to demystify and 'defolklorize' the reader; to destroy the aura of mystery and incomprehensibility surrounding Relativity Theory, unmasking and debunking the body of popular (and scientific) beliefs (mostly erroneous) which -taking advantage of the confusion between relativity and subjectivity, as well as of Einstein's popularity and prestige- have been used to validate preposterous assertions in fields like psychology, morality, spirituality, sociology, literature, art, etc.

Among Einstein's most influential and important pieces of writings, this piece on relativity is an essential read for any student today.

Today many scientists recognize plasma as the key element to understanding new observations in near-Earth, interplanetary, interstellar, and intergalactic space; in stars, galaxies, and clusters of galaxies, and throughout the observable universe. Physics of the Plasma Universe, 2nd Edition is an update of observations made across the entire cosmic electromagnetic spectrum over the two decades since the publication of the first edition. It addresses paradigm changing discoveries made by telescopes, planetary probes, satellites, and radio and space telescopes. The contents are the result of the author's 37 years research at Livermore and Los Alamos National Laboratories, and the U.S. Department of Energy. This book covers topics such as the large-scale structure and the filamentary universe; the formation of magnetic fields and galaxies, active galactic nuclei and quasars, the origin and abundance of light elements, star formation and the evolution of solar systems, and cosmic rays. Chapters 8 and 9 are based on the research of Professor Gerrit Verschuur, and reinvestigation of the manifestation of interstellar neutral hydrogen filaments from radio astronomical observations are given. Using data from the Green Bank 100-m telescope (GBT) of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), detailed information is presented for a non-cosmological origin for the cosmic microwave background quadruple moment. This volume is aimed at graduate students and researchers active in the areas of cosmic plasmas and space science. The supercomputer and experimental work was carried out within university, National laboratory, Department of Energy, and supporting NASA facilities.

A nut and its shell, like any X and Y, are joined and separated by a circle. The line is always diameter and circumference of a circle. Thus, pi controls reality, 50-50.

The assertion about the possibility of motion faster than light does not contradict the special relativity. In order to develop the special relativity, is sufficient to assume independence of the speed of light on the reference frame. From equations of special relativity, it follows that object moving faster than light in vacuum cannot be carrier of causal relationship. In the reference frame S3, moving with superluminal speed relative to the reference frame S2, temporal and spatial axes are swapped. Therefore, causal relationships in reference frames S2 and S3 are different. There exists a reference frame S1, moving relative to the reference frame S2 with speed v

The standard interpretation of Special Relativity is that of the "space-time block," where the past, present and future are laid out in a vast, frozen structure. The origins of the "block" rest in Langevin's 1911 announcement of the twin paradox, the validity of this paradox also invariably being included as part of this standard view. The view is ubiquitous, is described repeatedly, and is completely misguided. This book explores the fundamental contradictions in this interpretation, its inconsistencies in the assignment of ontological status to time dilation versus the opposite for space contraction, its failure to properly factor the reciprocity of systems, the ultimate non-ontological status of the "block" and thus the non-status of relativity as a theory of time. In this, the work explores the problems for a theory of consciousness and perception inherent in the "block," the extensions of certain of the inconsistencies into the foundations of the General Theory, and the origins of relativity in the classic metaphysic of space and time - now outmoded. In contrast to the classic structure, the temporal metaphysic of Bergson is described with its indivisible or non-differentiable flow of time, where "objects" are simply transferences of state within the global motion of the universal field. In this framework, we see Bergson's remarkable model of perception with its natural marriage to that of the great perception theorist, J. J. Gibson. It is a model which generates a testable contradiction to the standard interpretation of relativity, and it is a model of conscious perception that relies on the reality of the simultaneity of flows of events - a fundamental feature of the fabric of time that relativity and the relativization of simultaneity cannot incorporate. This little book, it should be noted, for those who have read Time and Memory: A Primer on the Scientific Mysticism of Consciousness, is a modified version of a chapter or so in this earlier work.

The General Principle Of Relativity In Its Philosophical And Historical Aspect (1920)

The current major problems in particle physics and astrophysics are the source of possible new features: of The Standard Model, of the nature of Dark Matter, of the nature of Dark Energy, and of the nature of the Big Bang. In this book we propose an extended version of The Standard Model based on earlier work that adds another SU(2)X U(1) symmetry to the usual Standard Model, and an accompanying set of particles that we propose are the constituents of Dark Matter. This additional symmetry follows directly from a geometrical foundation for space-time within a 16 dimensional flat space that we call the Flatverse. Upon introducing a form of quantum coordinates we find that The Standard Model in those coordinates has no infinities, that the Big Bang is finite (no singularity), and that the Dark Energy that fuels the expansion of the universe has inflatons that consist of the imaginary part of the quantum coordinates - a free abelian gauge field. This field first stabilizes the universe in the Big Bang period and then causes a massive inflationary expansion. The complete theory has a remarkable convergence of features that remove infinities, identify the nature of Dark Matter and of Dark Energy, specify a physically acceptable Big Bang, and predict the observed expansion of the universe. In addition we address the recently reported discovery of the Higgs particle that "explains" the origin of the masses of the other elementary particles but does not explain the origin of the Higgs particle mass terms and thus leaves open the ultimate question - What is the origin of mass and inertia? We show that the only final answer can be that it arises as a separation constant in Higgs dynamic equations that include coordinates of this universe and a sister universe. These two 8-dimensional universes are embedded in the 16-dimensional Flatverse. Thus the sister universe is the ultimate source of mass and inertia for our universe. The Flatverse is an absolute reference frame that is consistent with Einstein's General Relativity according to General Relativists. The Flatverse very nicely provides an environment for the two universes - joining them together to provide mass and inertia at their most fundamental level as well as providing, at last, a concrete definition of inertial reference frames. Result: a fundamental synergy between mass, inertia, and inertial frames. In recent weeks major experimental findings on Dark Matter have been presented that at last begin to clarify the nature of Dark Matter and its interactions with "normal" matter. These findings are consistent with a Dark Matter SU(2) X U(1) set of interactions that parallels, to a great extent, the known ElectroWeak interactions of normal matter. We will explore a detailed theory of Dark Matter interactions, and their relation to ElectroWeak interactions in this book. It is based on our previous work. In the previous work we did not specify a relation between ElectroWeak and "DarkWeak" interactions due to the absence of experimental data. With the information now in hand we can develop a detailed relationship. Lastly, the book emphasizes again our belief that the origin of particle physics lies in a combination of Asynchronous Logic and space-time geometry.

Robert Geroch's lecture notes on general relativity are unique in three main respects. First, the physics of general relativity and the mathematics, which describes it, are masterfully intertwined in such a way that both reinforce each other to facilitate the understanding of the most abstract and subtle issues. Second, the physical phenomena are first properly explained in terms of spacetime and then it is shown how they can be "decomposed" into familiar quantities, expressed in terms of space and time, which are measured by an observer. Third, Geroch's successful pedagogical approach to teaching theoretical physics through visualization of even the most abstract concepts is fully applied in his lectures on general relativity by the use of around a hundred figures. Although the book contains lecture notes written in 1972, it is (and will remain) an excellent introduction to general relativity, which covers its physical foundations, its mathematical formalism, the classical tests of its predictions, its application to cosmology, a number of specific and important issues (such as the initial value formulation of general relativity, signal propagation, time orientation, causality violation, singularity theorems, conformal transformations, and asymptotic structure of spacetime), and the early approaches to quantization of the gravitational field. Geroch's "Differential Geometry: 1972 Lecture Notes" can serve as a very helpful companion to this book.

Relativity: The Special and the General Theory began as a short paper and was eventually published as a book written by Albert Einstein with the aim of giving:
. . . an exact insight into the theory of relativity to those readers who, from a general scientific and philosophical point of view, are interested in the theory, but who are not conversant with the mathematical apparatus of theoretical physics.
- from the Preface
It was first published in German in 1916 and later translated into English in 1920. It is divided into 3 parts, the first dealing with special relativity, the second dealing with general relativity and the third dealing with considerations on the universe as a whole. There have been many versions published since the original in 1916, the latest in December, 2011. The work has been labeled by whom?] unique in that it gives readers an insight into the thought processes of one of the greatest minds of the 20th century.

CHOSEN AS A BOOK OF THE YEAR BY THE GUARDIAN, DAILY TELEGRAPH, NEW STATESMAN AND BBC SCIENCE FOCUS 'An intimate, unique, and inspiring perspective on the life and work of one of the greatest minds of our time. Filled with insight, humour, and never-before-told stories, it's a view of Stephen Hawking that few have seen and all will appreciate' James Clear, author of Atomic Habits An icon of the last fifty years, Stephen Hawking seems to encapsulate genius: not since Albert Einstein has a scientific figure held such a position in popular consciousness. In this enthralling memoir, writer and physicist Leonard Mlodinow tells the story of his friend and their collaboration, offering an intimate account of this giant of science. The two met in 2003, when Stephen asked Leonard if he would consider writing a book with him, the follow up to the bestselling A Brief History of Time. As they spent years working on a second book, The Grand Design, they forged a deep connection and Leonard gained a much better understanding of Stephen's daily life and struggles -- as well as his compassion and good humour. Together they obsessed over the perfect sentence, debated the physics, and occasionally punted on Cambridge's waterways with champagne and strawberries. In time, Leonard was able to finish Stephen's jokes, chide his sporadic mischief, and learn how the hardships of his illness helped forge that unique perspective on the universe. By weaving together their shared story with a clear-sighted portrayal of Hawking's scientific achievements, Mlodinow creates a beautiful portrait of Stephen Hawking as a brilliant, impish and generous man whose life was not only exceptional but also genuinely inspiring.

In this short but devastating book, several glaring inconsistencies in Einstein's celebrated theory are revealed and explored, inconsistencies that doom relativity to an ignoble death. When the dust settles from relativity's implosion, the author offers points to where an alternative theory might be found, and in doing so, boldly goes where no sane physicist will dare to follow. Books by crackpots attempting to debunk relativity are indeed plentiful, so how is this one any different? It has illustrations Well, that and irrefutable evidence that the true crackpots are the ones who adhere to Einstein's demonstrably untenable theory.

This book develops an Effective Theory of Quantum Gravity based on the two pillars of physics - namely, General Theory of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. It opens up a new direction of research in the search for a quantum theory of gravity, by first exactly quantizing the Newton-Cartan-Schrodinger theory of non-relativistic gravity, and then special relativizing the quantized theory by invoking Mach's Principle in the case of the universe and Schwarzschild radius in the case of massive stars and black holes. The main technique employed for the latter task is a variational technique using a trial local density. Subodha Mishra is a Professor of Physics at the Institute of Technical Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India. He has two doctoral degrees in Physics; one from University of Missouri-Columbia, USA, and the other from Institute of Physics, India. His research interests are in theoretical physics; especially in theoretical condensed matter physics and cosmology. Joy Christian is a Researcher at the Department of Physics and Wolfson College of the University of Oxford, UK. He received his doctoral degree in Foundations of Physics from Boston University, USA, and has been a Visiting Professor at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Canada. His main research interests are in the foundations of quantum and gravitational physics, with an outlook towards a theory of quantum gravity.

Spacetime and Geometry: An Introduction to General Relativity provides a lucid and thoroughly modern introduction to general relativity for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. It introduces modern techniques and an accessible and lively writing style to what can often be a formal and intimidating subject. Readers are led from physics of flat spacetime (special relativity), through the intricacies of differential geometry and Einstein's equations, and on to exciting applications such as black holes, gravitational radiation, and cosmology. Subtle points are illuminated throughout the text by careful and entertaining exposition. A straightforward and lucid approach, balancing mathematical rigor and physical insight, are hallmarks of this important text.

This book provides a lucid introduction to both modern differential geometry and relativity for advanced undergraduates and first-year graduate students of applied mathematics and physical sciences. This book meets an overwhelming need for a book on modern differential geometry and relativity that is student-friendly, and which is also suitable for self-study. The book presumes a minimal level of mathematical maturity so that any student who has completed the standard Calculus sequence should be able to read and understand the book. The key features of the book are: Detailed solutions are provided to the Exercises in each chapter; Many of the missing steps' that are often omitted from standard mathematical derivations have been provided to make the book easier to read and understand; A detailed introduction to Electrodynamics is provided so that the book is accessible to students who have not had a formal course in this area; In its treatment of modern differential geometry, the book employs both a modern, co-ordinate-free approach, and the standard co-ordinate-based approach. This makes the book attractive to a large audience of readers. Also, the book is particularly attractive to professional non-specialists who would like an easy to read introduction to the subject.

Eleven most important original papers on special and general theories. Seven by Einstein, two by Lorentz, one each by Minkowski and Weyl.