This highly original, engaging book is a journey through time and space in search of the changing perception and significance of the devil in western culture. Written by French historian Robert Muchembled, the book begins with the thirteenth century, when visual images of Satan began to appear, and looks forward to the twentieth century, dealing with the films of Stanley Kubrick, including "Eyes Wide Shut. The book reveals that changing figures of evil correlate over time with the ways in which conceive of their destinies and the future of their civilization. Fascination with the diabolical having reached its height in the witch hunts of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, it began to show signs of decline by the Enlightenment, a process that has continued up to today. The result of this process, for modern western society, is a subtle metamorphosis of the notion of the devil from fear of Satan into an eternal demon, "the demon within" characterized by distrust of oneself and one's desires. This conception of the diabolical is visible today in our interest in the supernatural and exorcism. "A History of the Devil is a rich, vivid account of a topic that never ceases to intrigue.

Women known as "shriekers" howled, screamed, convulsed, and tore their clothes. Believed to be possessed by devils, these central figures in a cultural drama known as klikushestvo stirred various reactions among those who encountered them. While sympathetic monks and peasants tended to shelter the shriekers, others analyzed, diagnosed, and objectified them. The Russian Orthodox Church played an important role, for, while moving toward a scientific explanation for the behavior of these women, it was reluctant to abandon the ideas of possession and miraculous exorcism. Possessed is the first book to examine the phenomenon of demon possession in Russia. Drawing upon a wide range of sources-religious, psychiatric, ethnographic, and literary-Worobec looks at klikushestvo over a broad span of time but focuses mainly on the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when all of Russian society felt the pressure of modernization. Worobec's definitive study is as much an account of perceptions of the klikushi as an analysis of the women themselves, for, even as modern rationalism began to affect religious belief in Russia, explanations of the shriekers continued to differ widely. Examining various cultural constructions, Worobec shows how these interpretations were rooted in theology, village life and politics, and gender relationships. Engaging broad issues in Russian history, women's history, and popular religious culture, Possessed will interest readers across several disciplines. Its insights into the cultural phenomenon of possession among Russian peasant women carry rich implications for understanding the ways in which a complex society treated women believed to be out of control.

This is the first book to consider the general course and significance of the European witch craze of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries since H.R. Trevor-Roper's classic and pioneering study appeared some fifteen years ago. Drawing upon the advances in historical and social-science scholarship of the past decade and a half, Joseph Klaits integrates the recent appreciations of witchcraft in regional studies, the history of popular culture, anthropology, sociology, and psychology to better illuminate the place of witch hunting in the context of social, political, economic and religious change.

"In all, Klaits has done a good job. Avoiding the scandalous and sensational, he has maintained throughout, with sensitivity and economy, an awareness of the uniqueness of the theories and persecutions that have fascinated scholars now for two decades and are unlikely to lose their appeal in the foreseeable future." American Historical Review

"This is a commendable synthesis whose time has come.... fascinating... " The Sixteenth Century Journal

..". comprehensive and clearly written... An excellent book... " Choice

"Impeccable research and interpretation stand behind this scholarly but not stultifying account... " Booklist

"A good, solid, general treatment... " Erik Midelfort

"Servants of Satan is a well written, easy to read book, and the bibliography is a good source of secondary materials for further reading." Journal of American Folklore"