This is the second volume to appear in the "AIJA Law Library" series. It has been prepared by members of the AIJA Standing Commission on International Arbitration under the editorship of Peter Eijsvoogel. It is intended to be a reference work for practitioners in the field of international arbitration, both counsellors and arbitrators. The book features 20 national reports from major jurisdictions. These outline the general character of the legal system in respect of ADR procedures, sources of procedural rules for arbitration, law and practice on documentary evidence and submissions, testimonial evidence and the involvement of experts. In addition, the text contains a detailed analysis of the legal rules pertaining to the taking of evidence in both civil and common law systems, and highly practical contributions relating to deposition skills.

Yearbook Commercial Arbitration: Volume V - 1980

Yearbook Commercial Arbitration: Volume IV - 1979

. The Yearbook is a publication of the International Council for Commercial Arbitration in cooperation with the T.M.C. Asser Institute for International and European Law, The Hague. The Yearbook provides comprehensive and up-to-date worldwide information on commercial arbitration. A subscription ensures you will receive all future annual volumes automatically.

The First Bilateral Investment Treaties is the first and only history of the U.S. postwar Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation (FCN) treaty program, and focuses on the investment-related provisions of those treaties. The 22 U.S. postwar FCN treaties were the first bilateral investment treaties ever concluded, and nearly all of the core provisions in the modern network of more than 3000 international investment agreements worldwide trace their origin to these FCN treaties. This book explains the original understanding of the language of this vast network of agreements which have been and continue to be the subject of hundreds of international arbitrations and billions of dollars in claims. It is based on a review of some 32,000 pages of negotiating history housed in the National Archives. This book demonstrates that the investment provisions were founded on the New Deal liberalism of the Roosevelt-Truman administrations and were intended to acquire for U.S. companies investing abroad the same protections that foreign investors already received in the United States under the U.S. Constitution. It chronicles the failed U.S. attempt to obtain protection for investment through the proposed International Trade Organization (ITO), providing the first and only history of the investment-related provisions in the ITO Charter. It then shows how the FCN treaties, which dated back to 1776 and originally concerned with establishing trade and maritime relations, were re-conceptualized as investment treaties to provide investment protection bilaterally. This book is also a work of diplomatic history, offering an account of the negotiating history of each of the 22 treaties and describing U.S. negotiating policy and strategy.

The International Law Reports is the only publication in the world completely devoted to the regular and systematic reporting in English of decisions of international courts and arbitrators as well as judgments of national courts. Volume 124 reports on a key decision of the ICSID Tribunal (Maffezini v. Spain), decisions of the Canadian courts in Burns, Suresh, Ahani and Bouzari on torture, terrorism and the death penalty, as well as decisions of the House of Lords on terrorism, hereditary peers and refugee status.

The growth in cross-border investments in an increasingly globalised economy means that there are more international disputes between foreign investors and states than ever before. Investment treaty arbitration has become the preferred dispute resolution mechanism for resolving such disputes, however, securing a final arbitral award is often just the beginning of a complicated process. Spearheaded by leading arbitration practitioner, Julien Fouret, this second edition brings together more than 70 experts to provide substantive analysis of recurring issues at the award enforcement stage plus practical perspectives on enforcing awards based on investment treaties. It further explores topics ranging from the specifics of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes mechanism to the enforcement of interim relief and the issues of sovereign immunity and state entities, as well as exploring intra-EU BIT disputes and their enforcement consequences. This edition features additional country-specific chapters and now covers over 30 jurisdictions, including updated coverage of applicable international and domestic legal frameworks and reviews of the most recent practices. Jurisdictions new for this edition include: Algeria, Belgium, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Czech Republic, Greece, Lebanon and Romania. Whether you are an arbitration lawyer in private practice or a user of investment treaty arbitration, this edition will provide you with holistic, practical and theoretical insight on the most important step of an arbitral process against a state or state entity.

Der Band befasst sich mit den verschiedenen prozess- und materiell-rechtlichen Fragestellungen im Zusammenhang mit der Beendigung von Schiedsvereinbarungen. Ausgehend von einer grundlegenden Analyse von Rechtsnatur und privatautonomer Charakteristik der Schiedsvereinbarung arbeitet der Autor die einzelnen Beendigungsmoeglichkeiten aus. Die Untersuchung gliedert sich dabei in drei Hauptteile: die gemeinschaftliche (konsensuale Beendigung) durch die Parteien, einseitige Beendigungsmoeglichkeiten sowie das Erloeschen der Schiedsvereinbarung ipso iure.

Focusing on practical principles or guidelines for arbitrators, this book covers everything a prospective international commercial arbitrator should know about conducting an arbitration in Hong Kong. Specifically geared to those interested in or starting work as an international commercial arbitrator in Hong Kong, the book takes readers step-by-step through the problems that are likely to arise in the conduct of a commercial arbitration and in the development of their careers as international commercial arbitrators.

The manual deals with the relevant legal framework and the confidentiality of the arbitration procedure after an introduction into the peculiarities of arbitration disputes concerning IP disputes. Special emphasis is placed on the recitals in the drafting of the agreement, including the special features of the FRAND arbitration procedure. Furthermore, a description of what is to be observed in the implementation of the arbitration procedure and what remedies are available to the arbitration parties are presented in a practical manner. Finally, questions of the enforcement of arbitration laws in the field of intellectual property are dealt with. An indispensable tool for lawyers and patent attorneys.

Which dispute settlement mechanisms are available in the area of space communication? Their choice is clearly determined by the legal character of those who are parties in the dispute - States, international intergovernmental organisations, private entities or even individuals. In this study the analysis of various dispute settlement mechanisms demonstrates that not all existing mechanisms are equally capable of serving this purpose. It appears that the parties to a dispute often prefer to search for a consensus and an arbitration procedure prior to taking part in international adjudication. The cases where formalised international courts are involved in this area have been relatively rare. Space communication disputes may often be similar to investment disputes; the decisive factors of this similarity are the high costs of investment, its international character, the necessity to maintain working relationships with the opposing party of the dispute after the conclusion of the dispute, the difficult technical background to the cases, little trust in court procedures, low indemnification and the fear of non-implementation of court decisions. As a consequence, it can be expected that mediation, negotiation and arbitration, but also alternative dispute settlement mechanisms will remain the main mechanisms of dispute settlement in the area of space communication in the near future.

This comprehensive and practical reference work offers extensive coverage of international arbitration as practiced across 24 key jurisdictions. In recent decades, there has been an extraordinary growth in arbitration throughout Asia and consequently arbitration centers in Singapore, Hong Kong and mainland China continue to report a steady increase in the number of cases. This handbook is the first to offer practitioners detailed guidance to help resolve issues that are likely to arise throughout the arbitration process and advise them of localized particularities in some areas which have very different arbitration traditions and judicial systems.
Containing specific chapters on jurisdictions throughout Asia (including Australasia) and a chapter devoted to the ICC in Asia, the book offers an impressive level of detail including information on key arbitration trends and statistics. A common structure allows for ease of navigation and quick, comparative cross-referencing between jurisdictions as well as ensuring consistent coverage across the chapters. The jurisdictions covered include People's Republic of China (mainland), Hong Kong SAR, Singapore, India, Australia, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan, Vietnam, Brunei, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kazakhstan, Cambodia, Laos, (MASAO) SAR, Mongolia, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka. The editors Michael Moser and John Choong have worked with a strong author team of Asia arbitration experts to comment on the methods of practice in each specific area and provide practical solutions in response to practical issues.
The Asia Arbitration Handbook is unique in its coverage of investor-state arbitration and bilateral investment treaties in this region, making it the first reference work to cover the law and practice of local arbitration, international commercial arbitration and investor-state arbitration in the key Asian jurisdictions. Its exhaustive scope both in terms of covered jurisdictions and content for each jurisdiction will make it a valuable addition to every law firm and in-house legal team library concerned with arbitration in Asia.

Commercial Arbitration: The Scottish and International Perspectives thoroughly analyses the Arbitration (Scotland) Act 2010 and the most important current issues arising from international commercial arbitration. Legal case studies comparing Scots and international practice provide you with a practical insight to the various aspects of arbitration. The international practice chapters include UNCITRAL Model Law, UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, institutional arbitration rules and International Bar Association arbitration guidelines.

The Tribunal, concerned principally with the claims of US nationals against Iran, is the most important international claims tribunal to have sat in over half a century. Its jurisprudence is bound to make a uniquely important contribution to international law and, in particular, the law relating to aliens. The series is the only complete and fully indexed report of the decisions of this unique Tribunal. These Reports are essential for all practitioners in the field of international claims, academics in private and public international law, and comparative lawyers, as well as all governments and law libraries. Each volume contains a detailed consolidated index and tables of cases covering the whole series to date.

The Tribunal, concerned principally with the claims of US nationals against Iran, is the most important international claims tribunal to have sat in over half a century. Its jurisprudence is bound to make a uniquely important contribution to international law and, in particular, the law relating to aliens. The series is the only complete and fully indexed report of the decisions of this unique Tribunal. These Reports are essential for all practitioners in the field of international claims, academics in private and public international law, and comparative lawyers, as well as all governments and law libraries. Each volume contains a detailed consolidated index and tables of cases covering the whole series to date.

This book demonstrates how, after many years of inactivity after the World War II tribunals, judges at the Yugoslav, Rwanda and Sierra Leone tribunals, and to a lesser extent the International Criminal Court, have seized the opportunity to develop international law on war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. Meernik and Aloisi argue that judges are motivated by a concern for human rights protection and the legacy of international criminal justice. They have progressively expanded the reach of international law to protect human rights and have used the power of their own words to condemn human rights atrocities. Judges have sentenced the guilty to lengthy and predictable terms in prison to provide justice, deterrence of future violations and even to advance peace and reconciliation. On judgment day, we show that judges have sought to enhance the power of international justice.

Of the many expectations attending the creation of the first permanent International Criminal Court, the greatest has been that the principle of complementarity would catalyse national investigations and prosecutions of conflict-related crimes and lead to the reform of domestic justice systems. Sarah Nouwen explores whether complementarity has had such an effect in two states subject to ICC intervention: Uganda and Sudan. Drawing on extensive empirical research and combining law, legal anthropology and political economy, she unveils several effects and outlines the catalysts for them. However, she also reveals that one widely anticipated effect - an increase in domestic proceedings for conflict-related crimes - has barely occurred. This finding leads to the unravelling of paradoxes that go right to the heart of the functioning of an idealistic Court in a world of real constraints.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) has run into serious problems with its first big case -- the situation in northern Uganda. There is no doubt that appalling crimes have occurred here. Over a million people have been forced to live in overcrowded displacement camps under the control of the Ugandan army. Joseph Kony's Lord's Resistance Army has abducted thousands, many of them children and has systematically tortured, raped, maimed and killed. Nevertheless, the ICC has confronted outright hostility from a wide range of groups, including traditional leaders, representatives of the Christian Churches and non-governmental organizations. Even the Ugandan government, which invited the court to become involved, has been expressing serious reservations. Tim Allen assesses the controversy. While recognizing the difficulties involved, he shows that much of the antipathy towards the ICC's intervention is misplaced. He also draws out important wider implications of what has happened. Criminal justice sets limits to compromise and undermines established procedures of negotiation with perpetrators of violence. Events in Uganda have far reaching implications for other war zones - and not only in Africa. Amnesties and peace talks may never be quite the same again.

While the availability and efficacy of arbitration in London, Paris and New York is well known, and the popularity of the Swiss system widely accepted, less is known about the mechanisms available for arbitrating international disputes in Germany. In fact, Germany boasts a well-developed system of arbitration which is streamlined, efficient and inexpensive, but which has been hitherto overlooked in favour of other jurisdictions. This new work by experienced German arbitrators, explains in detail the workings of the German system for international arbitration - the basis of its code, its institutional architecture and its procedural features. Thus this work presents, for the first time, the full workings of the German system to an English-speaking audience.

Many have talked of a 'new wave' of restitution claims prompted by the Sarr-Savoy report. This has been further enhanced by the announcement by the Open Society Foundation in November 2019 of $15 million of support for action to restore objects to Africa, including through litigation. A series of formal claims to European museums for the return of objects was reported in 2019. The sustained high level of public interest in the restitution debate, combined with the generally stubborn response of host nations, suggests that this pattern will continue. Cultural Restitution Claims: A Legal Handbook provides a concise and practical account of the international law relevant to cross-border claims for the restitution of cultural property. It covers both the supranational legal framework and the domestic legal position in a number of key jurisdictions, namely the UK, US, Switzerland, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and China, drawing on the expertise of practitioners in those jurisdictions. It also relates the present state of the law to the evolving political and ethical debate and engages in critical comparison of the position in different jurisdictions. The book serves as a practical resource for those asserting or responding to claims for the return of objects, whether in the context of formal litigation or otherwise, as well as for those with a professional or policy interest in the restitution debate.

Trade sanctions are powerful political tools devised to prevent the conclusion of new commercial contracts and paralyze the performance of pre-existing ones. Following the imposition of a sanction, a party prohibited from performing its obligations under a validly concluded contract may resolve to withhold performance or performance may de facto be prevented by measures of enforcement of the sanction. If this party therefore fails to perform its obligations, its contracting partner may decide to initiate legal proceedings. The author offers solutions to issues faced by arbitral tribunals and domestic courts when one party raises the existence of a sanction to support its claim to be freed from its contractual obligations. Critical legal issues such as the following are thoroughly investigated: authority of arbitrators and judges to give effect to statutes serving public interests; reasons to disregard certain sanctions, including some extraterritorial, secondary, and tertiary sanctions, and circumstances in which performance may be mandatory despite the risk of enforcement measures and/or penalties; consequences of the delivery of a commercially reasonable substitute; circumstances in which exemption from liability for non-performance may be granted following the imposition or reinforcement of a sanction prohibiting performance or subjecting it to a regime of authorization; right to suspend performance; remedies available to the aggrieved party, including the right to declare the contract totally or partially avoided, to declare a price reduction or to collect interest; threat of penalty for breach of a sanctions program as a valid ground for renegotiation or for a court-ordered adaptation of the contract; and terms under which performance must be resumed once a sanction is lifted, sometimes years, perhaps even decades, after it was imposed. For an in-depth examination of the constraints inflicted by trade sanctions − the likely scenarios and how they play out, as well as available remedies − this analysis is without peer. It will be of immeasurable value to counsel for States and for multinationals and to other lawyers working in fields connected with international trade. Jurists and academics will also find here highly enlightening perspectives on the long-standing controversy regarding the characterization of trade sanctions in a private-law context.

The new edition of this insightful work begins with a critical reexamination of the rival Greek and British claims to the Elgin Marbles. That case study identifies the questions that continue to dominate the growing international debate about cultural property policy and which are subsequently explored in a newly-expanded array of essays: * Why are people concerned about cultural property? * Is cultural nationalism a sound organizing principle for dealing with cultural property questions? * Or is it a relic of 19th century romanticism, kept alive by the power of Byron's poetry? * How can one rationalize cultural nationalism with the idea that works of art and antiquities are 'the cultural heritage of all mankind?' * What are alternative ways of thinking about cultural property policy and law? The work goes on to pay particular attention to the law and policy relating to cultural property export controls and the evolution and development of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention on the Return of Stolen and Illegally Exported Cultural Property. The second part of this highly-regarded book addresses a number of contemporary art law issues in essays on counterfeit art, the moral rights of artists, the artist's resale right (droit de suite), the litigation over the Mark Rothko estate, and problems of museum trustee negligence, conflict of interests, and misuse of inside information. The author, John Henry Merryman, is an Emeritus and Affiliated Professor in the Department of Art at Stanford Law School. He is a widely respected authority in the fields of international cultural property and art law.

International Chamber of Commerce Arbitration is a hands-on guide providing a critical evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages at every step in the arbitral process including practical facts, figures, pragmatic suggestions and warnings. The book is essential to anyone who is involved in ICC arbitration, or who may have to consider the use of an ICC arbitration clause. Published in cooperation with the International Chamber of Commerce, this text covers every aspect of ICC arbitration. The authors, seasoned experts, provide a detailed description of the arbitral process from the formation of the agreement to arbitrate to the appeal of the enforcement, covering in detail the important rulings of the ICC and their potential impact on future awards. The fourth edition has been fully updated to take account of the 2012 ICC Rules of Arbitration.

The dispute resolution procedures of the World Trade Organization allow sanctions to be imposed when a country is unwilling to bring a WTO-inconsistent trade measure into conformity. Not surprisingly, this form of retaliation often creates as many problems as it solves. This timely work provides in-depth legal analysis of the procedural and substantive aspects of retaliation under the WTO dispute settlement system with particular reference to relevant rules and case law. It examines the retaliation regime under GATT 1947 and the Dispute Settlement Understanding, as well as the special retaliation regime under the Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement. It includes a case study with respect to the calculation of the level of retaliation in Article 22.6/4.11 arbitration. Finally, it explores the gaps in the current retaliation system with regard to both procedural issues and the matter of efficacy, and analyzes all relevant solutions. In sum, this book is designed to examine the way the WTO retaliation system works and explore possible improvements.

Whether the 'A' stands for 'appropriate', 'amicable', or 'alternative', all out of court dispute resolution modes, collected under the banner term 'ADR' , aim to assist the business world in overcoming relational differences in a truly manageable way. The first edition of this book (2006) contributed to a global awareness that ADR is important in its own right, and not simply as a substitute for litigation or arbitration. Now, drawing on a wealth of new sources and developments, including the flourishing of hybrid forms of ADR, the subject matter has been largely augmented and expanded on two fronts: in-depth analysis (both descriptive and comparative) of methodology, expectations and outcomes and extended geographical coverage across all continents. As a result, in this book twenty-nine 'intertwined but variegated' essays (to use the editor's characterization) provide substantial insight in such specific topics as: * ADR's flexible procedures as controlled by the parties; * ADR's facilitation of the continuation of relations between the parties; * privilege and confidentiality; * involvement of non-legal professionals; * the identity and the role of the 'neutral' as well as the role of the arbitrator; * the implementation of ICC and other international ADR rules; * the workings of Dispute Boards and * the role of ADR in securing investment and other specific objectives. In its compound thesis - growing in relevance every day - that numerous dispute resolution methods exist whose goals and developments are varied but fundamentally complementary, the multifaceted approach presented here is of immeasurable value to any business party, particularly at the international level. Practitioners faced with drafting a dispute resolution clause in a contract, or dealing with a dispute that has arisen, will find expert guidance here, and academics will expand their awareness of the issues raised by ADR, in particular as it relates to arbitration. A broad cross section of interested professionals will discover ample material for comparative study of how disputes are approached and resolved in numerous countries and cultures.