Examination of the work of scientific icons-Newton, Descartes, and others-reveals the metaphors and analogies that directed their research and explain their discoveries. Today, scientists tend to balk at the idea of their writing as rhetorical, much less metaphorical. How did this schism over metaphor occur in the scientific community? To establish that scientists should use metaphors to explain science to the public and need to be conscious of how metaphor can be useful to their research, this book examines the controversy over cloning and the lack of a metaphor to explain it to a public fearful of science's power.The disjunction between metaphor and science is traced to the dispensation of the Solar System Analogy in favor of a mathematical model. Arguing that mathematics is metaphorical, the author supports the idea of all language as metaphorical-unlike many rhetoricians and philosophers of science who have proclaimed all language as metaphorical but have allowed a distinction between a metaphorical use of language and a literal use.For technical communication pedagogy, the implications of this study suggest foregrounding metaphor in textbooks and in the classroom. Though many technical communication textbooks recommend metaphor as a rhetorical strategy, some advise avoiding it, and those that recommend it usually do so in a paragraph or two, with little direction for students on how to recognize metaphors or to how use them. This book provides the impetus for a change in the pedagogical approach to metaphor as a rhetorical tool with epistemological significance.

Writing Built Environment Dissertations and Projects will help you to write a good dissertation or project by giving you a good understanding of what should be included, and showing you how to use data collection and analysis tools in the course of your research. * Addresses prominent weaknesses in under-graduate dissertations including weak data collection; superficial analysis and poor reliability and validity * Includes many more in-depth examples making it easy to understand and assimilate the concepts presented * Issues around study skills and ethics are embedded throughout the book and the many examples encourage you to consider the concepts of reliability and validity * Second edition includes a new chapter on laboratory based research projects * Supporting website with sample statistical calculations and additional examples from a wider range of built environment subjects

A good research paper is more than just a clear, concise, scientific expose. It is a document that needs to go beyond the science to attract attention. There are both strict and less definable norms for doing this, but many authors are unaware as to what they are or their use. Publishing is rapidly changing, and needs to be explained with a fresh perspective. Simply writing good, clear, concise, science is no longer enough-there is a different mind-set now required that students need to adopt if they are to succeed. The purpose of this book is to provide the foundations of this new approach for both young scientists at the start of their careers, as well as for more experienced scientists to teach the younger generation. Most importantly, the book will make the reader think in a fresh, creative, and novel way about writing and publishing science. This is an introductory guide suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and professional researchers in both the life and physical sciences.

Winner, 2019 Global Legal Skills Book Award, given by the Global Legal Skills Conference An essential handbook for international lawyers and students Focusing on vocabulary, Essential Legal English in Context introduces the US legal system and its terminology. Designed especially for foreign-trained lawyers and students whose first language is not English, the book is a must-read for those who want to expand their US legal vocabulary and basic understanding of US government. Ross uses a unique approach by selecting legal terms that arise solely within the context of the levels and branches of US government, including terminology related to current political issues such as partisanship. Inspired by her students' questions over her years of teaching, she includes a vast collection of legal vocabulary, concepts, idioms, and phrasal verbs and unpacks concepts embedded in US case law, such as how the US constitutional separation of powers may affect a court's interpretation of the law. The handbook differentiates basic terms in civil and criminal cases and compares terms that may seem similar because of close spellings but in fact have different meanings. For instance, what is the distinction between "taking the stand" and "taking a stand?" What is the difference between "treaties" and "treatises"? Featuring illustrations and hands-on exercises, Essential Legal English in Context is a valuable self-study resource for those who want to improve their legal English terminology before entering a US law school, studying US law or government, or working as a seconded attorney to a US law firm. Instructors can use the handbook in an introductory US legal English course.

Complete your thesis or dissertation successfully: Practical guidelines provides fundamentally important information to students of the social sciences completing their master's or doctoral studies, as well as to their supervisors and study leaders. Eminent scholars have contributed to the book and have created a text that is easy to read and use, yet does not water down the conceptual and terminological complexities of the process. For the very first time the most recent and current perspectives on how to complete master's or doctoral studies have been brought together in one publication that will equip relatively inexperienced researchers to write a thesis or dissertation.

There is growing emphasis in Health Communication on the study of communication processes that aim to change systems, policies, beliefs, attitudes, and/or behaviors for the betterment of the health of individuals and communities. Engagement on behalf of individual and community health is the basis of health advocacy - the attempted effort to change health policies so that better health outcomes may result. This book explores the processes and strategies involved in creating a health advocacy campaign to guide current and aspiring health advocates to successfully advocate for policy change. The Health Communication Advocacy Model is provided as a framework for exploring these issues. The model emphasizes the message design process, particularly in the tailoring of messages to address the needs of target audiences. However, consideration of important health advocacy concepts also is provided, including how to organize an advocacy team, approaches to formative research, research-based strategies for crafting effective health advocacy messages, and recommendations for what to do when an advocacy campaign is ending. This framework is designed for users to execute an advocacy effort for any health issue - from obesity, to cancer and smoking - in an efficient and effective manner. Ultimately, readers will learn how to lead a successful advocacy campaign and accomplish their desired advocacy goals.

Helps both engineers and students improve their writing skills by learning to analyze target audience, tone, and purpose in order to effectively write technical documents This book introduces students and practicing engineers to all the components of writing in the workplace. It teaches readers how considerations of audience and purpose govern the structure of their documents within particular work settings. The IEEE Guide to Writing in the Engineering and Technical Fields is broken up into two sections: "Writing in Engineering Organizations" and "What Can You Do With Writing?" The first section helps readers approach their writing in a logical and persuasive way as well as analyze their purpose for writing. The second section demonstrates how to distinguish rhetorical situations and the generic forms to inform, train, persuade, and collaborate. The emergence of the global workplace has brought with it an increasingly important role for effective technical communication. Engineers more often need to work in cross-functional teams with people in different disciplines, in different countries, and in different parts of the world. Engineers must know how to communicate in a rapidly evolving global environment, as both practitioners of global English and developers of technical documents. Effective communication is critical in these settings. The IEEE Guide to Writing in the Engineering and Technical Fields Addresses the increasing demand for technical writing courses geared toward engineers Allows readers to perfect their writing skills in order to present knowledge and ideas to clients, government, and general public Covers topics most important to the working engineer, and includes sample documents Includes a companion website that offers engineering documents based on real projects The IEEE Guide to Engineering Communication is a handbook developed specifically for engineers and engineering students. Using an argumentation framework, the handbook presents information about forms of engineering communication in a clear and accessible format. This book introduces both forms that are characteristic of the engineering workplace and principles of logic and rhetoric that underlie these forms. As a result, students and practicing engineers can improve their writing in any situation they encounter, because they can use these principles to analyze audience, purpose, tone, and form.

Technical Writing: A Practical Guide for Engineers, Scientists, and Nontechnical Professionals, Second Edition enables readers to write, edit, and publish materials of a technical nature, including books, articles, reports, and electronic media. Written by a renowned engineer and widely published technical author, this guide complements traditional writer's reference manuals on technical writing through presentation of first-hand examples that help readers understand practical considerations in writing and producing technical content. These examples illustrate how a publication originates as well as various challenges and solutions. The second edition contains new material in every chapter including new topics, additional examples, insights, tips and tricks, new vignettes and more exercises. Appendices have been added for writing checklists and writing samples. The references and glossary have been updated and expanded. In addition, a focus on writing for the nontechnical persons working in the technology world and the nonnative English speaker has been incorporated. Written in an informal, conversational style, unlike traditional college writing texts, the book also contains many interesting vignettes and personal stories to add interest to otherwise stodgy lessons.

Daisy Bogg is a qualified and HCPC-registered social worker who has worked within mental health and addiction services for over 20 years, for the NHS, local authorities and voluntary sector organisations. *** Report writing is a key skill for social work and one in which many practitioners receive little formal training or preparation. Fully revised and updated, the new edition of this handy pocketbook for social workers provides key advice for busy practitioners to help them to write clear, professional and well-structured reports. This includes practical advice, hints and tips to improve your report writing and ensure you adhere to best practice in your written communications. Social workers will find this guide invaluable for creating high-quality reports for a range of common situations. This useful book includes: * A range of report templates for a variety of situations, practice contexts and service user groups * Examples of good practice in report writing and common pitfalls to avoid * Examples of legal policy and assessment situations * Checklists of content and style requirements for various report types * Examples of best practice and common pitfalls, including links to the law to make your decisions evidence-based and authoritative * Checklists and decision-making flow charts to simplify what can prove a complex area Written by an experienced practitioner, this practical guide is not only suitable for newly-qualified social workers but also their more experienced colleagues that would like to develop and hone their writing skills. Students of social work will also find this an essential resource for their practice education and beyond. *** *This book forms part of a series of pocketbooks for social workers. These compact guides are written in an accessible and to-the-point style to help the busy practitioner locate the information they need as and when they need it-all bound up in A5 and under! The pocketbooks explore key practical skills involved in such areas as mental capacity, report writing and assessment.* 'This book, in my opinion, is a must for experienced and newly qualified social workers alike. The author offers a solid platform for social workers to work from by offering initial theory before identifying professional responsibility, distinguishing fact from opinion, aiding the reader to construct the purpose and goal of the report before confidently leading to an evidenced based conclusion. The book is filled with practical hints, tips and best practice points. It advises on potential pitfalls, offers a wide range of templates to ensure key areas are covered and goes as far as directing the reader on grammar and even spell-checking! The book is a practical and valuable resource.' Martin Gilbert, Learning & Development Lead in Mental Health, Birmingham City Council, UK

Join the thousands of students who have used Anderson's TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION: A READER-CENTERED APPROACH to develop the communication skills that employers consistently rank at the very top of the qualifications they seek in college graduates. You will learn to meet the special demands and expectations of the workplace by adapting and building on what you already know about writing and speaking effectively. Chapters guide you through the writing process and teach you how to communicate successfully at work, whether in print, orally, online, or through social media. Throughout, you'll find easy-to-learn guidelines and thoroughly annotated examples of effective communications.

This book deals with the fundamentals of specification writing and management. It is useful for anyone concerned with the preparation of standards in a world that is shrinking due to improvement in communication and where many specifications have to hold clarity when translated into other languages.

This book provides a comprehensive and coherent step-by-step guide to writing in scientific academic disciplines. It is an invaluable resource for those working on a PhD thesis, research paper, dissertation, or report. Writing these documents can be a long and arduous experience for students and their supervisors, and even for experienced researchers. However, this book can hold the key to success. Mapping the steps involved in the writing process - from acquiring and organizing sources of information, to revising early drafts, to proofreading the final product - it provides clear guidance on what to write and how best to write it.

Features:

Step-by-step approach to academic writing in scientific disciplines

Ideal guidance for PhD theses, papers, grant applications, reports and more

Includes worked-out examples from real research papers and PhD theses and templates and worksheets are available online to help readers put specific tasks into practice

Online resources to accompany the book can be found here: https://academiclife.coachesconsole.com/downloads.html

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Before You Begin

Chapter 2: The PreWriting Step

Chapter 3: The Drafting Step

Chapter 4: The Revising Step

Chapter 5: The Editing Step

Chapter 6: The Proofreading Step

Chapter 7: The Technical Stuff

Chapter 8: Worked-out Examples

Chapter 9: Section Templates

Chapter 10: Elements of English Grammar

Teachers of technical writing are frequently handicapped by a lack of material to back up discussions in the classroom and in textbooks. This title helps to overcome this weakness.

Publication of a research article can be a defining moment in a researcher's career. However, the steps involved in turning an initial research question into a published article can be a long and arduous journey. To aid in this process, Professional Writing in Kinesiology and Sports Medicine was developed to serve as a comprehensive writing guide for research professionals and students who are looking to improve their academic writing skills. Dr. Mark Knoblauch and his 15 contributors developed Professional Writing in Kinesiology and Sports Medicine to focus around the area of manuscript development and presentation, while also including chapters that outline the foundational concepts of professional writing, developing a research grant, and the journal selection process. Each chapter is written by content experts who bring a wealth of experience not only from their own academic writing but also from having spent countless hours helping students become better, more effective writers. Many textbooks have been written that focus on development of the research manuscript itself, but what sets Professional Writing in Kinesiology and Sports Medicine apart is that it includes so much more to aid writers in their process. What you can find inside: * Examination of ancillary aspects associated with academic research such as poster and oral presentations * How to choose the most effective journal * How to deal with the stress of writing * How to write an effective grant Professional Writing in Kinesiology and Sports Medicine covers those topics and more, with the intent of providing a thorough, practical writing guide that spans the breadth of the research manuscript development, writing, and presentation process. Throughout the textbook, sample writings and cases relevant to the fields of kinesiology and sports medicine are used to provide the reader relevant, applicable examples to help improve their own writing.

Learn to become a better writer the SMART way. An Introduction to Writing for Health Professionals: The SMART Way, 4th Edition explores quick-and-easy methods to help you improve your writing skills. Thoroughly updated to reflect APA style guidelines, the fourth edition illustrates various forms of common written communication, such as email, instant messaging, blogs, letters, memos, reports, resumes, briefs, articles, presentations, research papers and more. You are introduced to the essential elements of writing using the SMART approach - Source, Message, Audience, Route and Tone, as well as steps to use when crafting academic papers (PROCESS), and key takeaway for becoming a better writer (LAST). These acronyms provide quick-and-easy ways to help you get started and organize your writings. It also includes handy quick reference lists and free additional resources on the companion evolve website. UNIQUE! SMART, PROCESS, and LAST acronyms help facilitate learning by making the material easier to remember. Clear and straightforward writing style provides a reader-friendly approach to writing for learners of all levels. Common Error sections and Exercises featured throughout to reinforce content. APA style examples throughout text include those most commonly used in the health professions. NEW! Expanded coverage of research, digital literacy, communication on social media, and electronic mediums reflects advances in online culture. NEW! Fully revised SMART Ways for Other Routes chapter includes principles of documentation and charting, electronic communication (including email, instant messaging, social networking, and blogs), curriculum vitae, and dissertations. NEW! Points to Remember section at the end of each chapter (formerly SUMMARY) highlights key information using bullet points.

A systematic guide to successfully producing written work for business and management degrees. The authors address the all-too-common pitfalls of essay assignments, as well as providing readers with a step-by-step programme to approach essay questions, both in coursework and exam contexts. New to the Second Edition: Relevance of writing skills to employability highlighted throughout Additional content on researching a topic New content on adapting writing for different audiences New content on academic writing tips Addition of useful websites Additional coverage of plagiarism More on critical evaluation More on changing requirements through different levels of study. Suitable for all business and management students looking to improve their essay writing skills. The Student Success series are essential guides for students of all levels. From how to think critically and write great essays to planning your dream career, the Student Success series helps you study smarter and get the best from your time at university. Visit the SAGE Study Skills hub for tips and resources for study success!

Learn to integrate programming with good documentation. This book teaches you the craft of documentation for each step in the software development lifecycle, from understanding your users' needs to publishing, measuring, and maintaining useful developer documentation. Well-documented projects save time for both developers on the project and users of the software. Projects without adequate documentation suffer from poor developer productivity, project scalability, user adoption, and accessibility. In short: bad documentation kills projects. Docs for Developers demystifies the process of creating great developer documentation, following a team of software developers as they work to launch a new product. At each step along the way, you learn through examples, templates, and principles how to create, measure, and maintain documentation-tools you can adapt to the needs of your own organization. What You'll Learn Create friction logs and perform user research to understand your users' frustrations Research, draft, and write different kinds of documentation, including READMEs, API documentation, tutorials, conceptual content, and release notes Publish and maintain documentation alongside regular code releases Measure the success of the content you create through analytics and user feedback Organize larger sets of documentation to help users find the right information at the right time Who This Book Is For Ideal for software developers who need to create documentation alongside code, or for technical writers, developer advocates, product managers, and other technical roles that create and contribute to documentation for their products and services.

The ability to demonstrate that a specific health care profession provides valuable and effective services that meet society's health needs is a major objective for all health care academicians and researchers. Demonstrating clinical effectiveness depends on the reporting of written research results through journal publication so that the health care community and larger society will be able to access and read evidence supporting health care services. Today, several clinical reporting standard guidelines have been created by researchers to enhance the ability of readers to evaluate the quality and value of studies. This book is the first to compile those clinical research reporting standards in one source and helps educators and novice researchers to better understand the skills needed for journal publication. Health care researchers must begin using these reporting standards in order to write manuscripts that are both correctly formatted and transparently convey all critical study strengths and limitations. Educators must teach these reporting standards to students who must evaluate research reports as consumers and possible future contributors to the literature through their own writing. Journal Article Writing and Publication provides specific guidelines, based on the most commonly accepted reporting standards, for the preparation and writing of general research studies, intervention effectiveness studies, instrument development and testing studies, and case reports. A section is devoted to helping authors understand the rules governing the reporting of statistical data in text and tables. Separate sections help authors understand the manuscript preparation and submission process, the revision process, and the etiquette guiding communication with editors and reviewers. Guidelines for the preparation of scholarly discussion papers and editorials are also provided. Journal Article Writing and Publication also features a section that aims to help doctoral students and newly minted faculty turn academic work and dissertations into publishable journal articles. Suggestions are provided to help clinicians turn clinical data into research databases that could serve as the foundation for pilot studies. Finally, information is provided to help authors better understand the ethical considerations of publication including plagiarism, dual submissions, inappropriate authorship, copyright, and conflict of interest.

This volume presents state-of-the-art reporting on how to measure many of the key variables in health communication. While the focus is on quantitative measures, the editors argue that these measures are centrally important to the study of health communication. The chapters emphasize constructs, scales, and up-to-date reports and evidence about key social science constructs and ways of measuring them, whether your interest is in patient-provider dyadic communication, uncertainty management, self-efficacy, disclosure, social norms, social support, risk perception, health care team performance, message design and effects, health and numerical literacy, communication satisfaction, social influence and persuasion, stigma, health campaigns, reactance, or other topics. Students, researchers, and policymakers will find this book an accessible resource for planning and reviewing research studies and proposals.

The POCKET GUIDE TO APA STYLE, 6th Edition is your essential tool for writing research papers in every course you take. Concise and thorough, the POCKET GUIDE offers straightforward explanations, annotated examples, and margin notes designed to help you write properly documented papers in the latest APA style. This practical resource is less expensive and easier to use than the APA Manual. It also includes extensive and up-to-date coverage of electronic sources, preparing you to evaluate and use Internet references correctly in your research.

Addressing the explosive growth in qualitative research in recent years, this volume represents the first anthology to bring together a representative sample from this growing body of work, and comments on the reasons for the extraordinary interest in qualitative research. Contributors to the volume bring forward reports of significant, structured qualitative research into various aspects of technical communication practice, addressing the questions of what new insights researchers are generating about the working reality of today's technical communicators, and how technical communicators are perceived and treated by managers and by colleagues from other disciplines. Including examples of qualitative methodologies-including ethnography, case study, focus groups, action research, grounded theory, and interview research- used by technical communicators to strengthen their practice, the result is a rich harmony of perspectives, as diverse as the field of technical communication itself. This book will be of interest to to students and academics seeking up-to-date information on current industry practices in technical communication, as well as to practitioners in technical and professional communication. The book will also serve as a text in undergraduate seminars and courses at the master's level.

At last! The book for anyone who writes regulatory documents or wishes to learn more about writing regulatory documents for the biopharmaceutical industry. Targeted Regulatory Writing Techniques: Clinical Documentation for Drugs and Biologics, written by 2 well-known regulatory writers with a combined 40 years experience, provides detailed information on a ~targeteda (TM) writing. Many books, papers, and Web sites provide information on what needs to be written and submitted to regulatory authorities, but this comprehensive book shows you how to approach the writing task in a logical process that permits rapid completion of writing.

Targeted Regulatory Writing Techniques is the first comprehensive book of regulatory writing for the biopharmaceutical industry, and covers specific documents types, as well as submission to all major regions of the world. The book provides a a ~targeteda (TM) method of document development -- a way of planning for information flow that maximizes efficiency and speed to submission. The book has a hands-on approach to identifying methods that quickly determine which document is required, how to write it, and how it fits into submission types. The authors share their experiences with numerous a ~Lessons Learneda (TM) side bars of information.

Targeted Regulatory Writing Techniques takes the reader from regulatory writing fundamentals, templates, and style guides through source documents (protocols and clinical study reports) to integrated documents (investigatora (TM)s brochures, IMPD. ISS, ISE, and informed consents) to global submissions in Europe, Japan, and the United States. The comprehensive appendices provide examples of checklists, actualdocuments, and the submission forms required for Japan. An extensive glossary of terms is included.

In summary, Targeted Regulatory Writing Techniques: Clinical Documentation for Drugs and Biologics offers a quick start up for the discipline, including regulatory context within which writing is performed.

What is the impact of open access on science communication? How can scientists effectively engage and interact with the public? What role can science communication have when scientific controversies arise?
Practising science communication in the information age is a collection of newly-commissioned chapters by leading scholars and practitioners of science communication. It considers how scientists communicate with each other as part of their professional practice, critically evaluating how this forms the basis of the documenting of scientific knowledge, and investigating how open access publication and open review are influencing current practices. It also explores how science communication can play a crucial role when science is disputed, investigating the role of expertise in the formation of scientific controversy and consensus.
The volume provides a theoretically informed review of contemporary trends and issues that are engaging practitioners of science communication, focusing on issues such as the norms and conventions governing the practices of science communication, and how scientists communicate between disciplines. Other topics that receive critical treatment include: peer review, open access publication, the protection of intellectual property, the formation of scientific controversy and consensus, the popularization of science, and the practices of public engagement.
A companion volume, Investigating science communication in the information age, provides an ideal introduction to anyone wishing to study contemporary science communication. topics as diverse as peer review, open access pulication, the protection of intellectual property, the popularization ofscience and the practices of public engagement.